ducks

..The second Specific Aim is devoted to failure of the blood-gas barrier. We shall look at the lungs of ducks, geese and chickens where the barrier is known to be extremely thin, and recent work shows a surprising degree of ..

..avian influenza viruses (AIV) in backyard poultry (BYP) in MN and WI to their caretakers, and in wild geese and ducks congregating on a large MN metropolitan lake to recreational users of the lake; 2) swine influenza viruses (SIV) ..

..avian influenza viruses (AIV) in backyard poultry (BYP) in MN and WI to their caretakers, and in wild geese and ducks congregating on a large MN metropolitan lake to recreational users of the lake; 2) swine influenza viruses (SIV) ..

..avian influenza viruses (AIV) in backyard poultry (BYP) in MN and WI to their caretakers, and in wild geese and ducks congregating on a large MN metropolitan lake to recreational users of the lake; 2) swine influenza viruses (SIV) ..

..1) Characterize the distribution of and patterns of bird transport among semi-commercial flocks of chickens and ducks in Colorado and surrounding western states extending to the Mexican border, and assess how frequently and ..

..1) Characterize the distribution of and patterns of bird transport among semi-commercial flocks of chickens and ducks in Colorado and surrounding western states extending to the Mexican border, and assess how frequently and ..

..1) Characterize the distribution of and patterns of bird transport among semi-commercial flocks of chickens and ducks in Colorado and surrounding western states extending to the Mexican border, and assess how frequently and ..

..and Xenopus laevis; and 6) an area on the first floor for housing domestic and wild-caught woodchucks and Pekin Ducks. The number of research mouse cages has increased more than two-fold over the past five years and an average ..

..Aim 5 elucidates the molecular mechanisms for the acquisition of high virulence of H5N1 viruses in ducks. While avian influenza viruses are usually maintained asymptomatically in ducks, some H5N1 viruses acquired the ..

..Aim 5 elucidates the molecular mechanisms for the acquisition of high virulence of H5N1 viruses in ducks. While avian influenza viruses are usually maintained asymptomatically in ducks, some H5N1 viruses acquired the ..

..In addition, we will determine if p120 is defective in Muscovy ducks, a duck species resistant to hepadnavirus...

..Whether such variants produce a shorter course of infection than the wild-type virus will be tested in ducks. If virion secretion is impaired, I will determine the feasibility to overcome the defect by incorporation of a ..

..a procedure for preparing homogeneous, fully active membrane bound Na, K ATPase from nasal glands of salt adapted ducks. We plan to fully characterize the enzyme by determining its primary structure, its phosphorylation capacity from ..

..Our findings suggest that quail provide an environment in which the adaptation of influenza viruses from ducks generates novel variants that can cross the species barrier.

..were used to establish a competitive ELISA (cELISA) system for the detection of NP-specific antibodies in sera of ducks, geese and wild birds...

..The HA protein cleavage site and the results of pathogenesis studies in chickens were consistent with a low-pathogenicity virus, and the infective dose was 10(5) times higher for chickens than turkeys...

..we describe the antigenic and genetic characterization of the surface proteins of H7N3 viruses isolated from wild ducks in Italy in 2001 in comparison to H7N3 strains that circulated in Italian turkeys in 2002-2003...

..that H9N2 influenza viruses established in terrestrial poultry in southern China are transmitted back to domestic ducks, in which the viruses generate multiple reassortants...

..Although RRT-PCR was less sensitive than VI on an individual sample basis, this study demonstrated that the AIV and H7 RRT-PCR assays are good tools for the rapid screening of flocks and LBMs...

..The original isolate failed to produce disease in ducks but became more pathogenic after five passages...

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..The highest isolation rates were from chickens (1.3%) and ducks (1.2%), followed by quail (0.8%), then pigeon (0.5%)...

..Four influenza A viruses of the H4N6 (n = 1), H5N2 (n = 1), and H9N3 (n = 2) subtypes were isolated from healthy ducks for an isolation frequency of over 30% from this species. Two H5N1 viruses were isolated from healthy geese...

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..These findings suggested that different bird species naturally infected with IBDV could serve as carriers or reservoirs in IBDV transmission and might play a role in the emergence of variant IBDV...

..Overall, this study developed a sensitive and specific technique for the identification ARV, DRV, and GRV, and sequencing analysis has enhanced our understanding of the evolutionary relationship between ARV, DRV, and GRV...

..indicate that these isolated viruses are able to replicate in mouse lung and could be found in the organs of ducks without causing any clinical signs or death. However, the viruses are highly pathogenic for chickens...

Eighty-three strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were obtained from outbreaks in chickens, pigeons, geese, and ducks in China in 2005 and characterized genotypically...

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..of the isolates came from commercial layer flocks; one from a backyard flock; one from a mixed age flock, where ducks and squabs were also present; and one from a primary broiler breeder...

..There is only one subgroup of hMPV so far, whose nt and aa sequence identity indicates that it is more closely related to APV/C than to APV/A, APV/B, or APV/D...

..We characterize the Goose/Guangdong/1/96-like viruses isolated from geese and ducks imported into Hong Kong in the year 2000...

Five new hepadnaviruses were cloned from exotic ducks and geese, including the Chiloe wigeon, mandarin duck, puna teal, Orinoco sheldgoose, and ashy-headed sheldgoose...

..Bh H5N1 virus induced systemic infections and caused 100 % mortality in chickens and mice, and 80 % mortality in ducks and geese...

..The results also demonstrate the seasonal nature of AVM events...

In this study, two H5N1 influenza viruses (HN021 and HN211) were isolated in wild ducks and the characteristics of these viruses were studied systemically...

..At least some of the newly recognized B. hinzii isolates have been previously reported to cause disease in poults, suggesting that the pathogenicity of this agent for poultry should be more rigorously examined...

..Homology of AFLP patterns of 35% or less was used as a cutoff value to differentiate avian mycoplasma strains into different species...

..multocida. Further investigations on serum resistance are indicated in order to relate other host and bacterial factors responsible for the development of fowl cholera...

..of the study was to characterize the genome of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) isolates from South African Pekin ducks. Duck serum and liver samples were collected from two commercial duck farms from geographically distinct regions ..

..v. indicated that all of the chickens were completely protected from disease signs and death. Ducks and geese were completely protected from highly pathogenic H5N1 virus challenge 3 weeks p.v...

..Systematic surveillance in southern China showed that ducks and geese are the primary reservoirs which transmit the virus to chickens, minor poultry and even migratory birds...

..Salmonella serogroup C1 was the major serogroup found in geese, compared with serogroup B in chickens and ducks. However, Salmonella Typhimurium was dominant in 1 goose hatchery and also in geese from this hatchery that had ..

..A total of 83% of infected flocks confirmed by laboratories were backyard chickens (56%) or ducks (27%)...

..from chickens experimentally infected with 2 different low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, from domestic ducks and from wild aquatic birds were examined...

..A nomenclature for astroviruses is also proposed, based on: host species-astrovirus-type number/country(state)/reference number/year of isolation. For example, turkey astrovirus 2/North Carolina/034/1999...

..3/02 (H5N1) but did not provide sterilizing immunity. Thus, reverse genetics allows the inexpensive preparation of standardized, efficacious H5N3 poultry vaccines that may also reduce the reemergence of H5N1 genotypes...

..52 and 2.90, respectively. A virus with an identical nucleotide sequence, but with an intravenous pathogenicity index of 1.30, was also isolated from cloacal swabs collected from asymptomatic emus kept on a third property...

..7%) versus 21 to 71% in duck species. Average prevalence was similar (P = 0.81) between diving ducks (mean = 46.9%) and puddle ducks (mean = 43.9%)...

..0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year ..

Surveillance of North America's wild ducks and shorebirds for 26 and 16 years, respectively, revealed differences in the prevalence of orthomyxoviruses between these hosts...

Although wild ducks are known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV), there are few recent published reports of surveillance directed at this group...

..The screening approach based on hunted waterfowl seemed reliable for monitoring FLUAV and APMV by RT-PCR from cloacal or tracheal samples, but antibody testing in this format seemed to be of low sensitivity...

..In 2000, a virus from the Goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage was isolated for the first time from domestic ducks. Subsequently, it has undergone reassortment, and these novel reassortants now appear to have replaced Gs/Gd/96-..

..Weak "beta reducers" included on one part ducks and chickens showing alpha-ZOL/beta-ZOL ratio greater than 3 and up to 5...

..from spontaneous or experimentally induced AA amyloidosis (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, cheetahs, cats, cows, ducks, a dog, a goose, a chicken, and a turaco)...

..A phylogenetic tree has been constructed from a comparison of the sequences of 248 residues from the eight ovalbumins...

..However, levels higher than 8.4 mg/kg must be fed to waterfowl in order to obtain a plasma level comparable to chickens...

..This is the first time an avian influenza virus has been isolated in Norway. The study demonstrates that the wild bird species examined may constitute a reservoir for important bird pathogens and zoonotic agents in Norway...

..Finally, 10 caecal and 10 cloacal swabs from ducks at the abattoir were analyzed individually. In total, 85 Arcobacter isolates were obtained...

..Further studies are required to determine whether observed host-dependent differences in the receptor specificity of avian viruses can affect their ability to infect humans...

..In vivo studies of the parrot isolate in chickens, ducks and turkeys showed that the virus, though did not cause any clinical signs, could replicate to high titers in ..

..Also susceptible to disease are quails, guinea fowl, ducks, geese, ostriches, passerine birds, and birds of prey whereas conflicting reports on the susceptibility of the ..

..Our data suggested that the EDS virus was maintained without discernible changes for the last two decades in the field...

..in 6 provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, 1,098 fecal or intestinal content samples from pigs, chickens, and ducks were examined in the period from July to October, 2000. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 78 (7...

..Lonchura punctulata), canary (Serinus canaria), Java sparrows (Padda oryzivora), chicken (Gallus domesticus), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and BALB/c mice. The results indicated that I. michaelbakeri infected only russet sparrows...

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..This isolate also replicated in multiple organs and tissues of ducks and caused some mortality...

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..H5N1) (Dk/Vac-1/04), was generated between non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks in Asia...