sheep diseases

..Based on this study, it is now possible to explore the possibility of using strategic treatments for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in this area of Kenya...

..Small-stock farmers are, however, encouraged to control helminth infections in their sheep and goats by anthelmintic treatment...

..But if not working hours are the limiting factor, the repeated score could support the selection of pale animals in need to be treated...

..contortus for anthelmintic resistance...

..There is an urgent need to evaluate other control strategies that incorporate livestock management, the 'smart' use of drugs and non-chemotherapeutic approaches, such as biological control agents...

..A reduced efficacy of levamisole was suspected...

..These findings indicate that viable internal parasite control should be implemented in the study area in order to increase the productivity of the livestock there...

..However, recovery in livestock numbers is likely to lead to increased levels of infection and production loss unless sustainable control strategies are put in place...

..contortus infections of sheep and goats on all farms. Drastic changes in animal management need to be made in an attempt to deal with this situation, for which suggestions are made...

..However, further studies are required to determine optimal strategies for incorporating FAMACHA-based selective treatment protocols into integrated nematode control programs...

..These data indicate that the FAMACHA method used by producers is a valuable tool for identifying anemic sheep and goats in the southern United States and Puerto Rico...

..4%), whereas this pattern was reversed in goats and levels were also lower (4.1 and 8.9%, respectively). There was no apparent relationship between eosinophilia and resistance to infection with H. contortus or T. colubriformis...

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..similis was higher in zebu-cattle (38.6%) than in taurine-cattle (21.3%). Only few hybrids between H. placei and H. similis were found. The importance of such Haemonchus spp. circulation is discussed...

..36mgmL(-1)) and the leaf ethanol extract showed the best inhibition of larval development (LC50=9.18mgmL(-1)). Phytochemical analysis of the most active extracts revealed the presence of condensed tannins, triterpenes and alkaloids...

..No single positive case was detected among the examined camels. CONCLUSION: Veterinarians, butchers and breeders should be aware of the disease among farm animals in order to avoid great losses and to prevent its transmission to humans...

..Awareness of risk factors may be used to develop control measures to reduce animal disease and introduction of L. monocytogenes into the human food chain...

..819 P <0.01 for cryptosporidiosis. For detection of Cryptosporidium, 100 % sensitivity was obtained when acid ether concentration technique was used and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed highest sensitivity of 92.1 %...

..2%. The findings also indicate that goats can be a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and goat milk, dairy products and meat may serve as a vehicle for the pathogen transmission to humans...

..e. the subjects chosen for test evaluation should reflect the distribution of animals in the population where the test is intended to be used...

..017) and buffaloes (P < 0.0001). Sex-wise prevalence of helminths was higher in males than females for buffaloes (P < 0.0001) and sheep (P = 0.014) in contrast to cattle and goats...

..It is concluded that drought and isolation are likely to be the major factors accounting for the development of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes in the island flocks...

..They contribute to the spread of the faecal material on the pasture and allow the larval death as a consequence of drying...

..Pasture larval numbers on the two fungal group plots were also much lower than on the control plot...

..The common tradition of grazing animals from different farms on prealpine and alpine pastures could favour the spread of resistant populations within the country...

..The results suggest that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Strongyloides species may be the major contributors to small ruminant helminthiasis in the study area...

..Fecal egg counts can be used to monitor control programs and drug efficacy and evaluate levels of pasture contamination...

..In general, products should be relatively more affordable because of the reduction in registration costs and efficient use of resources by the regulatory authorities...

..The most important aspects of the aetiology, biological cycle, spread, epidemiology and pathogenesis of dicrocoeliosis are reviewed and the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment are focused on...

..The preliminary results seem promising as to the use of marker assisted or genotype assisted selection for this trait, which is difficult and expensive to measure on a population scale...

..There was no hint of benzimidazole resistance, and unequivocal evidence of ivermectin resistance was missing. In contrast, tetramisole resistance was detected on one sheep farm...

..The results of this trial indicate the potential use of this fungus as a broad spectrum anti-parasite agent for use in both goats and sheep...

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..The detection of antibodies in milk seems more sensitive than it is in serum...

..granulosus...

..ortleppi (G5) in livestock from Kenya and the Sudan...

..In the present paper, seroprevalence data on T. gondii that have been recorded in livestock from different Italian regions over the last 3 decades are reviewed, showing the high level of exposure of livestock to this parasite...

..Herd-level surveillance along with subsequent risk management action may be a cost-effective component of risk reduction strategies for food production, drinking water supplies and the protection of public health...

..The large number of tick species, the multplicity of transmitted agents and the diverse ecoclimatic zones of the Sudan provide a unique opportunity to host diverse research activities that could benefit other regions in Africa...

..However, to date, no test on living animal has been validated. Taking into account the important number of research teams now involved on this topic one may expect spectacular progress in the forthcoming years...

..It suggests that variations in the ability of Mphi to synthesize NO are of pathophysiological significance in listeriosis...

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..The parasites most contributing to marketable organ condemnation were hydatid cysts (26%) and D. dendriticum flukes (26%)...

..Further epidemiological studies have to be conducted in randomly selected governorates, not only to confirm the low seroprevelance of human brucellosis, but also to assess the risk factors of livestock infection for terms of prophylaxis...

..bigemina and Anaplasma in cattle, and Theileria and Anaplasma in sheep and goats and the absence of clinical cases would indicate that this area is endemically stable for these diseases...

..These risk maps are suitable for use in planning improved sentinel surveillance systems in Senegal, although further data collection is required in large areas of Senegal to better define the spatial distribution of RVF...

..The present work reports the first data on Cryptosporidium species in animals from Mongolia. Further studies are necessary to understand the epidemiology and transmission of Cryptosporidium in domestic animals in Mongolia...

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..abortus in rams and bucks, respectively. There was no correlation between serology and PCR of semen. The presence of chlamydiae in semen suggests the possibility of venereal transmission, although risk may be low in Switzerland...

..However, crude somatic antigens (prepared from protoscolices and brood capsules collected from sheep cysts) appeared to be more sensitive for the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis than the cyst-fluid antigens...

..This initial valuation demonstrates the necessity for increased monitoring and global control of CE...

..The mean numbers of infections per year are 0.099 for cattle, 0.063 for sheep, 0.03 for camels and 0.010 for goats...

..Interestingly, the strains isolated from the dead animals were similar to Buk T-900 reference strains...

..E. ruminantium was detected in brains of 14, 36 and 4% of cattle, sheep and goats submitted for post mortem at the Accra Veterinary Laboratory, indicating that sheep were most at risk from heartwater disease...

..The prevalence of the infection of the intermediate host Galba truncatula (G. truncatula) was 19.2% from July 2004 to June 2005. Gafsa oases constitute a new location for the development of fasciolasis in the southern west of Tunisia...