rodent diseases

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..New viruses, different hosts, and different human syndromes may be discovered in the future mainly in Southeastern Asia and in Africa where Muridae rodents are present and highly diversified...

..In addition, we summarize all these complexities and provide suggestions for future research directions...

..For an HPS case that occurred in our study area in 1997, we identified the probable rodent reservoir and likely site of exposure by matching the genetic sequences of virus obtained from a rodent and the HPS case patient...

..major together with hamster and BALB-c mice developed cutaneous lesions. The active lesions, the rodents' ecological habitats and the presence of insect-vector may pave the way to an epidemic zoonotic leishmaniasis role...

..As C. hepaticum is potentially zoonotic, members of staff in zoos should be careful to avoid soil-to-mouth contact, particularly in prairie dog enclosures...

..The IgG antibody prevalence data for rodents suggest that Bolomys lasiurus and perhaps Akodon sp. are potential hantavirus reservoirs in this state of Brazil...

..This analysis, based on cryopreserved specimens, represents the earliest conducted longitudinal, mark-recapture study of the dynamics of infection of autochthonous American hantaviruses in their sigmodontine host populations...

..Different aspects of hantavirus ecology, molecular biology, morphology, pathogenesis and diagnostics are discussed in the offered survey...

..The risk of infection for foreign tourists in Chile is low...

..Phylogenetic analysis also indicates that the viruses from Khabarovsk HFRS patients are closely related to the Far East virus, and distinct from Amur virus...

..Apart from Puumala virus that was carried by Clethrionomys glareolus, 2 additional rodent species, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus sylvaticus, were found antibody- and/or RNA-positive...

..Although mice and rats had N. caninum by PCR testing, clinical signs of N. caninum infection were not observed nor were N. caninum parasites observed in gerbils or KO mice inoculated with the rodent brain tissue...

..The few longer field studies (>5 years) show a positive but delayed relationship between reservoir abundance and reservoir prevalence...

..caninum infection also in the sylvatic cycle. The possibility that dogs could be infected by eating infected house mice suggests new opportunities for N. caninum prophylaxis and control...

..parvum (genotype C) inform us that all these isolates should be treated as potentially hazardous for human health...

..muris in only a single positive sample. This study demonstrates the presence of several potentially important tick-borne pathogens in Shimane Prefecture and suggests the need for further study on the causative agents of FUOs...

..However, given the total number of animals tested, the role of these rodent species in the epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infections remains unclear...

..Morphological affinities between these new species and those already described provide taxonomic framework for the genus. An updated identification key is provided for the diagnosis of all the 20 Malagasy species of Leptopsyllinae...

..Our results suggest that this pattern can be generated by various processes and is strongly affected by natural history parameters of a host species such as dispersal pattern, spatial distribution, and structure of shelters...

..30%, respectively). Factors associated with an increased risk for T. gondii seropositivity in rodents were capture location >or=200 m from residential housing and adult age...

..These results indicate that the applicability of secondary antibodies and protein A and G should be carefully evaluated before use for serodiagnosis in different rodent species...

..The results suggest that the particular characteristics of this rodent would give it better possibilities not only of being infested by ectoparasites, but also of transmitting them to its progeny...

..Our serological analysis suggests that BDV infects various vertebrates in Finland, including humans. Furthermore, our data indicate for the first time that BDV infects also wild rodents...

..S.-type B. microti is widely distributed among small wild mammals in temperate zones of not only North America, but also Eurasia, whereas that Hobetsu- and Kobe-type parasites may be uniquely distributed in Japan...

..The test can be used to detect rodents positive for SNV antibody while they are in traps. We show that results with the SIA have excellent concordance with western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests...

..7%), Meriones crassus (11.8%), Juculus jaculus (zero%), Acomys c. dimidiatus (9.4%). The overall positive IHA reac-tion was 11/143 or 14.7%. The presence of natural fascioliasis infection in imported sheep and wild rodents were discussed...

..The suggestion of different modes of transmission in the two species is itself consistent with the apparent absence of transmission between species...

..Although these preliminary results support presence of several virus groups with zoonotic potential, additional studies are needed to identify the specific viruses that are present in these populations...

..pestis, and possibly, serve as a short-term reservoir for plague, but provide no evidence that the grasshopper mouse or any small rodent acts as a long-term, enzootic host for Y. pestis in prairie dog colonies...

..JUQV was also confirmed in 5 Oligoryzomys nigripes reservoir species from Misiones. A novel Akodon-borne genetic hantavirus lineage was detected in 1 rodent from the Biologic Reserve of Limoy...

..As for the ability to transmit the plague agent, similar seasonal increasing was noted in males, but in females, the ability to inoculate the plague microbe was always maintained at the same level...

..Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify the distribution of Bartonella in rodents and their ectoparasites in China to define the role of these arthropods in the transmission routes of Bartonella...

..SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first longitudinal study of Yersinia in any small mammal population, and shows infection to be a dynamic series of generally non-pathogenic, transient infections...

..They were P. papatasi (1150) and P. sergenti (170) in a ratio of 7:1. A total of three isolates of zymodeme London 70 undistinguished from the formerly obtained human and rodent isolates were enzymatically identified in P. papatasi...

..69 lice/rat), Mites N = 165 (1.2 mite/rat) and larva of ticks N=16 (0.12 tick/rat). No doubt, rodents and their ectoparasites played a serious role in spreading and transmission of zoonotic diseases to human and animal...

..Further investigations were needed in different areas in China to confirm more mammalian reservoir hosts with Bartonella infections...

..Several proposals are presented to further understand its ecology...

..variabilis; all five had higher infestation levels per host than did the eastern cottontail rabbit. Data on host relationships in association with seasonal activity are presented...

..Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence from different rodents were highly homologous, while nucleotide mutation had also been observed. Further studies are required to explore the possible virus sequence mutation...

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..rattus, and C. rufocanus carry hantaviruses as the reservoir animals in Japan. Infected R. rattus and R. norvegicus in port areas could be the sources of human SEOV infection and a threat to travelers and individuals working in seaports...

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..However, cospeciation still remains the dominant factor in the evolution of hantaviruses...

..Although no human case of hantavirus illness has yet been reported in Kuwait, the serological evidence of infection suggests a constant vigil...

..glareolus and Muju virus associated with M. regulus, (ii) confirm that M. fortis is the natural host for VLAV, and (iii) suggest M. oeconomus as an alternative host for VLAV...

..The identity of A. sylvaticus was unequivocally confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The data seem to indicate hantavirus spillover from Apodemus flavicollis to other rodents...

..T. gondii was isolated in two 6-banded armadillos, one of which was not positive in the serological test...

..Higher biological heterogeneity was observed in T. cruzi II isolates derived from L. rosalia from the Atlantic Coastal Rain forest. TCII isolates derived from marsupials resulted in very similar infection profile in Swiss mice...

..This study confirms that plague is difficult to detect in rodents and fleas associated with prairie dog colonies, unless samples are collected immediately after a prairie dog die-off...

..russatus. A mutualistic association between the staphylinid beetle Amblyopinus sp. and its host P. iheringi (Echimyidae) was observed. The few N. squamipes captured had small numbers of ectoparasites...

..Diseases of the skin are particularly well represented, especially tumors and inflammatory processes...

..multilocularis is typically located in humid mesophilous biotopes. Here there is sufficient moisture in the spring to promote survival of eggs and there is a close interrelation between the definitive and intermediate hosts...

..Veterinarians are encouraged always to apply the same diagnostic protocols used to work up skin problems in dogs and cats when presented with an exotic pet with a dermatologic disease...

..Thus, small rodents should be considered as an important reservoir of C. parvum genotypes closely related to the zoonotic genotype 2 and potentially hazardous to humans...

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..Given the moderate climate and diversity of rodents and arthropods in the Morro Bay area, ongoing investigation of this region will be helpful in understanding disease maintenance cycles...

..The results indicated that malathion (5%) was very effective on fleas collected from Beni-Suef and Suez, but there was an evidence of increased tolerance among flea population collected from Qualyobia Governorate...