primate diseases

Summary

Summary: Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.

Publications

  1. Endogenous retrovirus HERV-I LTR family in primates: sequences, phylogeny, and evolution
    J-W Lee
    Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
    Arch Virol 151:1651-8
  2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species
    R J Montali
    Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Department of Pathology, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
    Rev Sci Tech 20:291-303
  3. Morphological variability within Oesophagostomum bifurcum among different primate species from Ghana
    J M de Gruijter
    Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
    J Helminthol 80:357-61
  4. Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates
    Sonia Altizer
    Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
    J Anim Ecol 76:304-14
  5. Wild primate populations in emerging infectious disease research: the missing link?
    N D Wolfe
    Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 4:149-58
  6. Adeno-associated viruses undergo substantial evolution in primates during natural infections
    Guangping Gao
    Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:6081-6
  7. Stable infection of primates with Trypanosoma cruzi I and II
    C V Lisboa
    Department of Protozoology, Laboratory of Biology of Tripanosomatid, Institute Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Parasitology 133:603-11
  8. Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium
    Bruno Levecke
    Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
    Vet Parasitol 148:236-46
  9. Other animal prion diseases
    Christina J Sigurdson
    Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
    Br Med Bull 66:199-212
  10. Ocular oxyspirurosis of primates in zoos: intermediate host, worm morphology, and probable origin of the infection in the Moscow zoo
    E Ivanova
    Centre of Parasitology of A N Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninskii pr, 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
    Parasite 14:287-98

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Publications62

  1. Endogenous retrovirus HERV-I LTR family in primates: sequences, phylogeny, and evolution
    J-W Lee
    Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
    Arch Virol 151:1651-8
    ..2). The evolutionary relationships within the HERV-I LTR family among hominoids and Old World monkeys showed a random cluster, indicating that HERV-I LTR elements have evolved independently in primate evolution...
  2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species
    R J Montali
    Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Department of Pathology, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
    Rev Sci Tech 20:291-303
    ..Additionally, new guidelines for controlling tuberculosis in elephants in the United States of America, and programmes for tuberculosis prevention in animal handlers have been established...
  3. Morphological variability within Oesophagostomum bifurcum among different primate species from Ghana
    J M de Gruijter
    Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
    J Helminthol 80:357-61
    ..These findings suggest that O. bifurcum from different species of primate host represent distinct population variants, also supported by recent epidemiological and genetic studies of O. bifurcum from such hosts...
  4. Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates
    Sonia Altizer
    Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
    J Anim Ecol 76:304-14
    ..Lower average parasite richness in threatened host taxa also points to the need for a better understanding of the cascading effects of host biodiversity loss for affiliated parasite species...
  5. Wild primate populations in emerging infectious disease research: the missing link?
    N D Wolfe
    Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 4:149-58
    ....
  6. Adeno-associated viruses undergo substantial evolution in primates during natural infections
    Guangping Gao
    Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:6081-6
    ..This is an example of rapid molecular evolution of a DNA virus in a way that was formerly thought to be restricted to RNA viruses...
  7. Stable infection of primates with Trypanosoma cruzi I and II
    C V Lisboa
    Department of Protozoology, Laboratory of Biology of Tripanosomatid, Institute Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Parasitology 133:603-11
    ..Considering the high seroprevalence and stability of T. cruzi infection among the primates, these animals play an important role in the maintenance of the parasite in nature...
  8. Gastrointestinal protozoa in non-human primates of four zoological gardens in Belgium
    Bruno Levecke
    Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
    Vet Parasitol 148:236-46
    ..p<0.001) and C. mesnili (p<0.05). Samples containing Entamoeba spp. were the most prevalent in OW monkeys (p<0.0083). Samples collected from OW monkeys contained the highest number of parasite species (p<0.0083)...
  9. Other animal prion diseases
    Christina J Sigurdson
    Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
    Br Med Bull 66:199-212
    ..Here we review the epidemiology, transmission, clinical features and pathology of these other animal prion diseases...
  10. Ocular oxyspirurosis of primates in zoos: intermediate host, worm morphology, and probable origin of the infection in the Moscow zoo
    E Ivanova
    Centre of Parasitology of A N Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninskii pr, 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
    Parasite 14:287-98
    ..Consequently the notion of type hosts is artificial and the three agents of oxyspirurosis are provisionally placed in the taxon O. (O.) conjunctivalis...
  11. Widely varying SIV prevalence rates in naturally infected primate species from Cameroon
    Avelin F Aghokeng
    Laboratoire Retrovirus, UMR145, IRD, Institute for Research and Development, Montpellier, France
    Virology 345:174-89
    ..The newly developed assays should now permit to define with greater accuracy existing SIV reservoirs and associated human zoonotic risk...
  12. Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara provides durable protection against disease caused by an immunodeficiency virus as well as long-term immunity to an orthopoxvirus in a non-human primate
    Patricia L Earl
    Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 33, Room 1E19, 33 North Drive, MSC 3210, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Virology 366:84-97
    ..These non-human primate studies support the clinical testing of recombinant MVA as an HIV vaccine and further demonstrate that MVA can provide long-term poxvirus immunity, essential for use as an alternative smallpox vaccine...
  13. Trypanosoma cruzi (kinetoplastida Trypanosomatidae): biological heterogeneity in the isolates derived from wild hosts
    Cristiane Varella Lisboa
    Departamento de Protozoologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av Brasil 4365, 21040 900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Exp Parasitol 116:150-5
    ..Higher biological heterogeneity was observed in T. cruzi II isolates derived from L. rosalia from the Atlantic Coastal Rain forest. TCII isolates derived from marsupials resulted in very similar infection profile in Swiss mice...
  14. Disease risk analysis: a tool for primate conservation planning and decision making
    D A Travis
    Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
    Am J Primatol 68:855-67
    ..The following is a review of this process as it pertains to NHP conservation and risks associated with infectious diseases...
  15. [Multiple Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, from October 2001 to April 2002]
    D Nkoghe
    Ministère de la Santé Publique, Libreville, Gabon
    Bull Soc Pathol Exot 98:224-9
    ..Unexplained deaths of animals had been mentionned in the nearby forests as soon as August 2001: great primates and cephalophus. Samples taken from their carcasses confirmed a concomitant animal epidemic...
  16. Discovery of herpesviruses in multi-infected primates using locked nucleic acids (LNA) and a bigenic PCR approach
    Sandra Prepens
    P14 Molekulare Genetik und Epidemiologie von Herpesviren, Robert Koch Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
    Virol J 4:84
    ..To illustrate this principle, six novel herpesviruses of the genera Rhadinovirus, Lymphocryptovirus and Cytomegalovirus were discovered in multi-infected samples of non-human primates and phylogenetically characterized...
  17. The B30.2(SPRY) domain of the retroviral restriction factor TRIM5alpha exhibits lineage-specific length and sequence variation in primates
    Byeongwoon Song
    Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, JFB 824, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    J Virol 79:6111-21
    ..The results are consistent with a role for TRIM5alpha in innate immunity against retroviruses...
  18. Phylogeny of primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1) including various new Asian and African non-human primate strains
    Sonia Van Dooren
    Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Infect Genet Evol 7:374-81
    ..Barbary macaques, not yet described to be STLV-infected, carry a relatively recent acquired, typical African STLV-1, giving us no clue on the phylogeographical origin of PTLV-1...
  19. Parasites and the evolutionary diversification of primate clades
    Charles L Nunn
    Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    Am Nat 164:S90-103
    ....
  20. Why are some species more commonly afflicted by arthritis than others? A comparative study of spondyloarthropathy in primates and carnivores
    C L Nunn
    Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
    J Evol Biol 20:460-70
    ....
  21. A histologic demonstration of siliceous materials in simian lung mite infected lung tissues by microincineration
    James C S Kim
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 200 Gungdong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
    J Vet Sci 4:117-23
    ..Therefore, until the link between lung mite infection and silicosis is clarified, experimental inhalation toxicologic findings in mite-infected Old World monkeys should be interpreted cautiously...
  22. Simian varicella virus gene 61 encodes a viral transactivator but is non-essential for in vitro replication
    W L Gray
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
    Arch Virol 152:553-63
    ..SVV gene 61 is expressed in liver, lung, and neural ganglia of infected monkeys during acute simian varicella...
  23. Exposure to nonhuman primates in rural Cameroon
    Nathan D Wolfe
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 10:2094-9
    ..The study demonstrates that exposure is not limited to small groups of hunters. A high percentage of rural villagers report exposure to nonhuman primate blood and body fluids and risk acquiring infectious diseases...
  24. [Dengue and other hemorrhagic viral fevers]
    Cristina Domingo Carrasco
    Laboratorio de Arbovirus y Enfermedades Víricas Importadas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 23:615-26
    ..Even today many factors related to origin, pathogenesis, treatment and control of these diseases remain uncertain...
  25. Primates as pets in Mexico City: an assessment of the species involved, source of origin, and general aspects of treatment
    Alejandra Duarte-Quiroga
    Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Conaculta, México
    Am J Primatol 61:53-60
    ..The demand by city dwellers for primate pets, along with habitat destruction and fragmentation, exerts a significant pressure on wild populations in southern Mexico...
  26. Occurrence of hepatitis viruses in wild-born non-human primates: a 3 year (1998-2001) epidemiological survey in Gabon
    M Makuwa
    Centre International de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon
    J Med Primatol 32:307-14
    ..9% wild-born and 8.3% at CIRMF harboured HBV-DNA despite the presence of neutralizing HbsAb. Together with previous findings, we confirm the high HBV prevalence not only in humans but also in chimpanzees and gorillas in Gabon and Congo...
  27. Endogenous retroviruses in swine cell lines and evaluation of possible transmission to primate cellular systems
    M Soncini
    Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
    Vet Res Commun 27:363-5
  28. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned model of parkinson's disease, with emphasis on mice and nonhuman primates
    Michael W Jakowec
    The George and MaryLou Boone Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Center Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
    Comp Med 54:497-513
    ..In addition, the technical use and safe handling of MPTP are discussed...
  29. The infrequency of transmission of herpesviruses between humans and animals; postulation of an unrecognised protective host mechanism
    G R Skinner
    Vaccine Research Trust, Vaccine Research Institute, Moseley, Birmingham, UK
    Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 24:255-69
    ....
  30. A survey for helminth parasites in feral New World non-human primate populations and its comparison with parasitological data from man in the region
    C Michaud
    Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
    J Med Primatol 32:341-5
    ..lagotricha; Necator americanus, found in a captive C. calvus rubicundus; Hymenolepis diminuta, found in feral Aotus spp. and S. mystax; and a single Trichuris spp. specimen found in a feral S. sciureus macrodon...
  31. Disease risk analysis: A paradigm for using health-based data to inform primate conservation and public health
    Lisa Jones Engel
    Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    Am J Primatol 68:851-4
    ....
  32. Nonhuman primate dentistry
    Robert B Wiggs
    Coit Road Animal Hospital, 12600 Coit Road, Dallas, TX 75251
    Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 6:661-87, vii
    ..Unfortunately, alacrity generally comes from repetitive performance of procedures and entails a learning curve...
  33. Primate spondyloarthropathy
    Bruce M Rothschild
    Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, 5500 Market Street, Youngstown, OH 44512, USA
    Curr Rheumatol Rep 7:173-81
    ..Habitat-dependent infectious agent diarrhea-induced reactive arthritis is implicated on a background of genetic predisposition. A gorilla-derived therapeutic preventative approach has possible application in human clinical medicine...
  34. Safety testing of immunomodulatory drugs in primates. Difficulties in differentiating test article effects from occult diseases--malaria
    Julia H Riley
    Toxicol Pathol 33:802
  35. Association of Primate Veterinarians 34th annual workshop. Foreword
    D Rick Lee
    Alamogordo Primate Facility
    J Med Primatol 37:4
  36. Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a captive ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
    J A Spencer
    Department of Pathobiology, 122 Greene Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
    J Parasitol 90:904-6
    ..The source of the infection remains unclear, but speculation suggests contaminated fruit or blackbirds (Passeriformes: Icteridae) acting as transport hosts for oocysts from nondomestic felids and feral cats on the property...
  37. [Uncommon mycobacterial infections in domestic and zoo animals: four cases with special emphasis on pathology]
    K Steiger
    Institut für Veterinär Pathologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 33, 04103, Leipzig
    Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 110:382-8
    ....
  38. A mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney in a ringtail lemur (Lemur catta)
    S Muller
    Institute for Animal Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
    Vet Pathol 44:243-6
    ..However, neither estrogen nor progesterone receptors could be identified by immunohistochemistry in the tumor of the present ringtail lemur. Therefore, a hormonal mechanism could not be demonstrated in this case...
  39. Somatic variation in living, wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)
    Michelle L Sauther
    Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
    Folia Primatol (Basel) 79:55-78
    ..Amassing such data is a critical first step to assess if wild primate populations are exhibiting normal variability or are being affected by potential inbreeding and/or environmental effects...
  40. Severe wear and tooth loss in wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): a function of feeding ecology, dental structure, and individual life history
    Frank P Cuozzo
    Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Box 8374, Grand Forks, ND 58202 8374, USA
    J Hum Evol 51:490-505
    ..The relationship between tooth loss, feeding ecology, dental structure, and individual life history in this population has implications for interpreting behavior based on tooth loss in the hominid fossil record...
  41. West Nile virus infection in nonhuman primate breeding colony, concurrent with human epidemic, southern Louisiana
    Marion S Ratterree
    Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 9:1388-94
    ..The high infection rate in this captive nonhuman primate population illustrates the intensity of WNV transmission that can occur silently in nature among other susceptible vertebrates during epidemic periods...
  42. SIV-associated lymphomas in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in comparison with HIV-associated lymphomas
    K Kahnt
    German Primate Center, Göttingen
    Vet Pathol 39:42-55
    ..The present primate model represents a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphomas...
  43. PrimaTB STAT-PAK assay, a novel, rapid lateral-flow test for tuberculosis in nonhuman primates
    Konstantin P Lyashchenko
    Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc, 3661 Horseblock Road, Medford, NY 11763, USA
    Clin Vaccine Immunol 14:1158-64
    ..The highest rate of TB detection was achieved when the skin test was combined with the PrimaTB STAT-PAK kit. This novel immunoassay provides a simple, rapid, and accurate test for TB in NHP...
  44. Spontaneous lesions of the cardiovascular system in purpose-bred laboratory nonhuman primates
    Ronnie Chamanza
    Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services Edinburgh, Tranent, EH33 2NE, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Toxicol Pathol 34:357-63
    ..To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the range and incidence of spontaneous cardiovascular lesions in laboratory nonhuman primates...
  45. Serum antigen 85 levels in adjunct testing for active mycobacterial infections in orangutans
    A M Kilbourn
    Wildlife Health Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
    J Wildl Dis 37:65-71
    ..Median serum Ag85 in the latter group was 125 microU/ml (range, 0.75-2,500 microU/ml). These data suggest that suggest that additional studies using more specific reagents and more samples from animals of known status are appropriate...
  46. Macaque animal model for HIV-induced neurological disease
    S Sopper
    Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Univerität Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
    J Neural Transm 109:747-66
    ..Recent virological, immunological, neurophysiological and neurochemical findings obtained with this animal model are presented and key factors in the development of neurological disease are identified...
  47. Prevalence of antibody reaction with cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 antigen in Macaca cyclopis, Macaca fascicularis, and Papio anubis in Taiwan
    F Lee
    Animal Health Research Institute, Tamsui, Taipei County, Taiwan
    J Med Primatol 36:343-7
    ..High positive rate in olive baboons was also found, although, it cannot be ruled out that the positivity was due to cross-reactivity between cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 and other herpesviruses...
  48. African lentiviruses related to HIV
    Cristian Apetrei
    Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
    J Neurovirol 11:33-49
  49. Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in Africa
    Avelin F Aghokeng
    Laboratoire Retrovirus, Montpellier, France
    J Neurovirol 11:27-32
  50. Identification of hepatitis B virus genome in faecal sample from wild living chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Gabon
    M Makuwa
    Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon
    J Clin Virol 34:S83-8
    ..This is the first evidence of HBV infection in wild apes and confirms that the HBV-like strains thus far characterized in captive apes are directly related to those circulating in the wild...
  51. Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and severity of hemosiderosis in a large captive lemur population
    Kelly M Glenn
    Duke University Primate Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
    Am J Primatol 68:369-81
    ..Hemochromatosis was not observed, and excess iron was not related to the cause of death in any of the animals studied. The current findings suggest that iron overload in lemurs may be more complex than was previously believed...
  52. Use of desferoxamine and S-adenosylmethionine to treat hemochromatosis in a red ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata ruber)
    Carlos R Sanchez
    Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, North West, Washington, DC 20008-2598, USA
    Comp Med 54:100-3
    ..Treatment was temporarily discontinued from days 56 to 65, and the lemur's condition worsened, so therapy was re-instituted. However, the lemur died of hepatocellular carcinoma on day 110 of treatment...
  53. Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence and epidemiologic trends in lemurs on St. Catherines Island, Georgia
    Chris A Hall
    Department of Biology, Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia 30149, USA
    J Parasitol 93:93-6
    ..cruzi on the island. This also represents the first report of autochthonous infection in blue-eyed black and black-and-white ruffed lemurs...
  54. Geographic and species association of hepatitis B virus genotypes in non-human primates
    S E Starkman
    Laboratory for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, EH9 1QH, UK
    Virology 314:381-93
    ..These new findings have a number of implication for understanding the origins and epidemiology of HBV infection in non-human primates...
  55. Regulation of obese (ob) mRNA and plasma leptin levels in rhesus monkeys. Effects of insulin, body weight, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    K Hotta
    Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
    J Biol Chem 271:25327-31
    ..Circulating levels of the ob gene product leptin were also significantly correlated with body weight. These results show that ob gene expression is related to body weight and is not acutely regulated by insulin...
  56. Circulating concentrations of the adipocyte protein adiponectin are decreased in parallel with reduced insulin sensitivity during the progression to type 2 diabetes in rhesus monkeys
    K Hotta
    Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
    Diabetes 50:1126-33
    ..No clear association was found between the plasma levels of adiponectin and its mRNA levels in adipose tissue. These results suggest that reduction in circulating adiponectin may be related to the development of insulin resistance...
  57. DNA vaccination of infants in the presence of maternal antibody: a measles model in the primate
    Mary Premenko-Lanier
    California National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98, Davis, CA 95616-8542, USA
    Virology 307:67-75
    ..Further, the addition of a molecular IL-2 adjuvant augments this DNA vaccine...
  58. The rhesus macaque as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse
    Lesley N Otto
    Division of Urogynecology and Reproductive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland 97201, USA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 186:416-21
    ..The connective tissue of the paravaginal attachment interdigitates with the levator ani muscle cells, which suggests that this muscle plays a critical role in pelvic floor support...
  59. Long-term clinical improvement in MPTP-lesioned primates after gene therapy with AAV-hAADC
    Krystof S Bankiewicz
    Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Francisco, Room MCB 226, 1855 Folsom Street, San Francisco, CA 94103 0555, USA
    Mol Ther 14:564-70
    ..Introduction of this therapy into the clinic holds promise for Parkinson patients experiencing the motor complications that result from escalating l-Dopa requirements against a background of disease progression...
  60. Typing of intimin (eae) genes in attaching and effacing Escherichia coli strains from monkeys
    Miguel Blanco
    J Clin Microbiol 42:1382-3