goat diseases

..Based on this study, it is now possible to explore the possibility of using strategic treatments for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in this area of Kenya...

..Small-stock farmers are, however, encouraged to control helminth infections in their sheep and goats by anthelmintic treatment...

..These findings indicate that viable internal parasite control should be implemented in the study area in order to increase the productivity of the livestock there...

..However, recovery in livestock numbers is likely to lead to increased levels of infection and production loss unless sustainable control strategies are put in place...

..e. the subjects chosen for test evaluation should reflect the distribution of animals in the population where the test is intended to be used...

..bigemina and Anaplasma in cattle, and Theileria and Anaplasma in sheep and goats and the absence of clinical cases would indicate that this area is endemically stable for these diseases...

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..E. ruminantium was detected in brains of 14, 36 and 4% of cattle, sheep and goats submitted for post mortem at the Accra Veterinary Laboratory, indicating that sheep were most at risk from heartwater disease...

..ruminantium. In the north, seroprevalence in sheep sampled with and without cattle was similar, whereas in the south seroconversion rates in sheep were significantly higher in areas where cattle were present...

..Recorded vectors are not known to be present in Kazakhstan, so a novel vector is likely to be operating. The lack of evidence for bluetongue virus in saigas is unexpected and suggests a need for further investigation...

..In some areas a very high rate of pestivirus seroprevalence could be found. This fact could be harmful to the BVDV-Elimination and Controlling Program in cattle in Austria...

..6 (2.2 to 9.6), than on holdings where only cattle were kept. Brucella melitensis probably predominates as the cause of brucellosis in ruminants in the province of Kosovo...

..The detection of antibodies in milk seems more sensitive than it is in serum...

..No single positive case was detected among the examined camels. CONCLUSION: Veterinarians, butchers and breeders should be aware of the disease among farm animals in order to avoid great losses and to prevent its transmission to humans...

..Awareness of risk factors may be used to develop control measures to reduce animal disease and introduction of L. monocytogenes into the human food chain...

..819 P <0.01 for cryptosporidiosis. For detection of Cryptosporidium, 100 % sensitivity was obtained when acid ether concentration technique was used and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed highest sensitivity of 92.1 %...

..2%. The findings also indicate that goats can be a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and goat milk, dairy products and meat may serve as a vehicle for the pathogen transmission to humans...

..017) and buffaloes (P < 0.0001). Sex-wise prevalence of helminths was higher in males than females for buffaloes (P < 0.0001) and sheep (P = 0.014) in contrast to cattle and goats...

..In the present paper, seroprevalence data on T. gondii that have been recorded in livestock from different Italian regions over the last 3 decades are reviewed, showing the high level of exposure of livestock to this parasite...

..Interestingly, the strains isolated from the dead animals were similar to Buk T-900 reference strains...

..abortus in rams and bucks, respectively. There was no correlation between serology and PCR of semen. The presence of chlamydiae in semen suggests the possibility of venereal transmission, although risk may be low in Switzerland...

..Further epidemiological studies have to be conducted in randomly selected governorates, not only to confirm the low seroprevelance of human brucellosis, but also to assess the risk factors of livestock infection for terms of prophylaxis...

..4% and 6.28%, respectively. Two PPRVs of lineage 4, which comprises many other PPRVs whose origins are in the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia, were isolated from Turkish sheep...

..86) in bovine sera and with a peste des petits ruminant cELISA kit (kappa value of 0.81) in caprine/ovine sera. Usefulness of morbillivirus cELISA using the rRPV N protein was discussed...

..The prevalence of the infection of the intermediate host Galba truncatula (G. truncatula) was 19.2% from July 2004 to June 2005. Gafsa oases constitute a new location for the development of fasciolasis in the southern west of Tunisia...

..I.: 93.5, 95.7) and an overall HSp of 99.6% (95% C.I.: 99.5, 99.6). We also examined the effect of a policy shift that prohibited delaying the diagnosis pending laboratory testing where the animals exhibited equivocal clinical signs...

..Reasons have been discussed for the absence of detectable levels of anti-Si/s28, -Si/s45 and -Si/s40 antibodies in a significant number of sera samples from S. indicum egg-positive sheep...

..Finally, the molecular analysis of the same mitochondrial and ribosomal regions showed that P. silenus, Przhevalskiana aegagri and Przhevalskiana crossii are morphotypes of the same species...

..This finding confirms the assumption that Saudi Arabia was free from RVF up until at least 1995 and most probably before the 2000 epidemic. The finding also confirms that RVF was not endemic in Saudi Arabia...

..The tissues from the control cattle, sheep and goats were culture negative. The cattle were less susceptible to the bovine and ovine Map strains than goats and sheep with the goats being the least naturally resistant...

..We observed that type of grazing strategy had significant impact on cattle Brucella seroprevalence and that transhumant herds were at high risk of being infected...

..1% in 1997 to 23.5% in 1999-2000 (P < 0.001). Cows (24%) had antibodies to phase I antigen; goats (15.6%) had antibodies to phase II antigen. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii is increasing among sheep...

..Seroprevalence within the equine population was 6.52% (3/46). Our results reveal the presence of antibodies against A. phagocytophilum in livestock from northwestern Spain, mainly in Pontevedra...

..7%), 1:128 (1%), 1:64 (2%), respectively. These results indicate that T. gondii antibodies are widespread in the animal populations and suggest that toxoplasmosis is a widely spread zoonotic infection in northern Iran...

..The animals had not been vaccinated against rinderpest or PPR. Antibody seroprevalences detected in camels, cattle, goats and sheep confirmed natural transmission of PPR virus under field conditions...

..In sheep and goats, the majority of Mycoplasma species isolated were identified as Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae from pneumonic sheep, Mycoplasma conjunctivae from sheep with keratoconjunctivitis, and the ubiquitous Mycoplasma arginini...

..This was unexpected for FMD, which is subject to vaccination policies which vary at the raion (county) level...

..Herd-level surveillance along with subsequent risk management action may be a cost-effective component of risk reduction strategies for food production, drinking water supplies and the protection of public health...

..similis was higher in zebu-cattle (38.6%) than in taurine-cattle (21.3%). Only few hybrids between H. placei and H. similis were found. The importance of such Haemonchus spp. circulation is discussed...

..However, further studies are required to determine optimal strategies for incorporating FAMACHA-based selective treatment protocols into integrated nematode control programs...

..These data indicate that the FAMACHA method used by producers is a valuable tool for identifying anemic sheep and goats in the southern United States and Puerto Rico...

..A reduced efficacy of levamisole was suspected...

..But if not working hours are the limiting factor, the repeated score could support the selection of pale animals in need to be treated...

..4%), whereas this pattern was reversed in goats and levels were also lower (4.1 and 8.9%, respectively). There was no apparent relationship between eosinophilia and resistance to infection with H. contortus or T. colubriformis...

..contortus for anthelmintic resistance...

..There is an urgent need to evaluate other control strategies that incorporate livestock management, the 'smart' use of drugs and non-chemotherapeutic approaches, such as biological control agents...

..granulosus...

..ortleppi (G5) in livestock from Kenya and the Sudan...

..It suggests that variations in the ability of Mphi to synthesize NO are of pathophysiological significance in listeriosis...

..However, to date, no test on living animal has been validated. Taking into account the important number of research teams now involved on this topic one may expect spectacular progress in the forthcoming years...

..The large number of tick species, the multplicity of transmitted agents and the diverse ecoclimatic zones of the Sudan provide a unique opportunity to host diverse research activities that could benefit other regions in Africa...

..The parasites most contributing to marketable organ condemnation were hydatid cysts (26%) and D. dendriticum flukes (26%)...

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