bird diseases

Summary

Alias: avian diseases
Summary: Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

Webpages

  1. bird diseases
    www.birds.cornell.edu/schoolyard/all_about_birds/feeding_bir ...
  2. water birds - plant management in florida waters
    plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/watbirds.html
  3. sars-cov
    www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2004/sars/SARS-CoV/ref ...
  4. aes - research projects
    www.colsa.unh.edu/aes/projects.html
  5. ars : david e swayne
    www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=5507
  6. ps23/ps019: avian diseases transmissible to humans
    edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PS019
  7. chae joon seok
    vet.snu.ac.kr/eng/se10_ac/se10_ac_c09/se10_ac_cf05/chaejs.js ...
  8. information resources on newcastle disease in birds
    www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/newcastle/2002.htm
  9. department of biology: rita moyes
    www.bio.tamu.edu/facmenu/faculty/MoyesR.htm
  10. grey cheek medical problems - resources
    www.lib.montana.edu/~bmarsh/cheeky/gc_med.html

Research Grants

  1. In-ovo vaccination/avian influenza/bird/human
    DE-CHU CHRISTOPHER TANG; Fiscal Year: 2008

Publications

  1. Detection of West Nile Virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry
    Martine Jozan
    Orange County Vector Control District, Garden Grove, California 92843, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 3:99-110
  2. High prevalence of West Nile virus: a continuing risk in acquiring infection from a mosquito bite
    Kamesh R Sirigireddy
    Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6:351-60
  3. Nesting Ardeid colonies are not a focus of elevated West Nile virus activity in southern California
    W K Reisen
    Center for Vectorborne Diseases, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:258-66
  4. Bird species potentially involved in introduction, amplification, and spread of West Nile virus in a Mediterranean wetland, the Camargue (Southern France)
    E Jourdain
    Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7:15-33
  5. Changes in seroprevalence of West Nile virus across Illinois in free-ranging birds from 2001 through 2004
    Tara A Beveroth
    Medical Entomology Laboratory, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:174-9
  6. West Nile virus. Researchers scramble to track virus's impact on wildlife
    David Malakoff
    Science 299:1176
  7. [Usutu virus in Austria reminds one of the West Nile virus in the USA]
    Dieter Hassler
    Kraichtal
    Dtsch Med Wochenschr 129:2339-40
  8. The 2002 introduction of West Nile virus into Harris County, Texas, an area historically endemic for St. Louis encephalitis
    Kristy M Lillibridge
    Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 70:676-81
  9. A twelve-month study of West Nile virus antibodies in a resident and a migrant species of kestrels in Israel
    Caroline Banet Noach
    Division of Avian and Aquatic Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4:15-22
  10. Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus infections in water frequenting and terrestrial wild birds in Kolar District, Karnataka State, India. A retrospective study
    A V Jamgaonkar
    National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
    Acta Virol 47:185-8

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Webpages42 found, 30 most recent shown here

  1. bird diseases
    www.birds.cornell.edu/schoolyard/all_about_birds/feeding_bir ...
  2. water birds - plant management in florida waters
    plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/watbirds.html
  3. sars-cov
    www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2004/sars/SARS-CoV/ref ...
  4. aes - research projects
    www.colsa.unh.edu/aes/projects.html
  5. ars : david e swayne
    www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=5507
  6. ps23/ps019: avian diseases transmissible to humans
    edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PS019
  7. chae joon seok
    vet.snu.ac.kr/eng/se10_ac/se10_ac_c09/se10_ac_cf05/chaejs.js ...
  8. information resources on newcastle disease in birds
    www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/newcastle/2002.htm
  9. department of biology: rita moyes
    www.bio.tamu.edu/facmenu/faculty/MoyesR.htm
  10. grey cheek medical problems - resources
    www.lib.montana.edu/~bmarsh/cheeky/gc_med.html
  11. faculty -- department of poultry science -- auburn university
    www.ag.auburn.edu/poul/facultypages/giambrone.html
  12. the university of the west indies, st. augustine campus - school of veterinary medicine
    sta.uwi.edu/vet/undergraduate_dvm_programme.asp
  13. poultry diseases
    buchta.lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:29138
  14. department of animal science - iowa state university - faculty homepage
    www.ans.iastate.edu/faculty/sjlamont/
  15. college of veterinary medicine
    www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/Faculty/dryden.htm
  16. meeting objective - college of veterinary medicine - western university of health sciences
    www.westernu.edu/xp/edu/veterinary/cmir_objective.xml
  17. deoki n. tripathy, pathology, college of veterinary medicine, u of i at illinois
    www.cvm.uiuc.edu/faculty/path/tripathy.html
  18. deoki n. tripathy, pathology, college of veterinary medicine, u of i at illinois
    www.cvm.uiuc.edu/faculty/vp/tripathy.html
  19. vm71/vm030: st. louis encephalitis- the role of chickens
    edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM030
  20. lab of chang-won lee
    oardc.osu.edu/leelab/pageview.asp?id=12
  21. susan m. williams, dvm, phd
    www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/williams/index.php
  22. bird diseases
    lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:57246
  23. college of veterinary medicine
    www.vet.ksu.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/Faculty/dryden.htm
  24. partners accelerating veterinary excellence - college of veterinary medicine - western university of health sciences
    www.westernu.edu/xp/edu/veterinary/memorial.xml
  25. ars : erica spackman
    www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=22595
  26. vmrcvm - dlacs faculty - dr. frank william pierson
    www.vetmed.vt.edu/org/dlacs/faculty/pierson.asp
  27. multiplex pcr assay for differentiation of helicobacter felis, h. bizzozeronii, and h. salomonis -- baele et al. 42 (3): 1115 -- journal of clinical microbiology
    jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/42/3/1115
  28. rosenberger, john k., professor and department chairperson
    ag.udel.edu/anfs/faculty/rosenberger.htm
  29. prof receives poultry industry medal of achievement
    www.udel.edu/PR/UDaily/2007/may/pope051707.html
  30. animal health care services - college of veterinary medicine - western university of health sciences
    www.westernu.edu/xp/edu/veterinary/services.xml

Research Grants1

  1. In-ovo vaccination/avian influenza/bird/human
    DE-CHU CHRISTOPHER TANG; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..in chickens following in ovo administration will be determined; vaccination of chickens against multiple avian diseases by adenovirus-vectored in ovo vaccines will be developed; the compatibility between an adenovirus-vectored in ..

Publications62

  1. Detection of West Nile Virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry
    Martine Jozan
    Orange County Vector Control District, Garden Grove, California 92843, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 3:99-110
    ..In combination with detection of WN-specific antigens in tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the blocking ELISA will also be useful for confirming WN infection in diseased birds...
  2. High prevalence of West Nile virus: a continuing risk in acquiring infection from a mosquito bite
    Kamesh R Sirigireddy
    Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6:351-60
    ..The continued detection of WNV in the mosquitoes is of significant public health concern and calls for continued surveillance and public health activities...
  3. Nesting Ardeid colonies are not a focus of elevated West Nile virus activity in southern California
    W K Reisen
    Center for Vectorborne Diseases, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:258-66
    ....
  4. Bird species potentially involved in introduction, amplification, and spread of West Nile virus in a Mediterranean wetland, the Camargue (Southern France)
    E Jourdain
    Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7:15-33
    ..The obtained lists of bird species potentially involved in the introduction, amplification and spread of WNV should prove useful to determine target species on which further studies on WNV ecology in birds could be focused...
  5. Changes in seroprevalence of West Nile virus across Illinois in free-ranging birds from 2001 through 2004
    Tara A Beveroth
    Medical Entomology Laboratory, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:174-9
    ..Avian species with high WNV seroprevalence rates tended to be those that bred throughout the year, have open cup nests, and live in close proximity to humans...
  6. West Nile virus. Researchers scramble to track virus's impact on wildlife
    David Malakoff
    Science 299:1176
  7. [Usutu virus in Austria reminds one of the West Nile virus in the USA]
    Dieter Hassler
    Kraichtal
    Dtsch Med Wochenschr 129:2339-40
  8. The 2002 introduction of West Nile virus into Harris County, Texas, an area historically endemic for St. Louis encephalitis
    Kristy M Lillibridge
    Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 70:676-81
    ..Our data indicate that both SLE and WN viruses can coexist, despite their ecologic, antigenic, and genetic similarities, and that both viruses will probably persist in this geographic region...
  9. A twelve-month study of West Nile virus antibodies in a resident and a migrant species of kestrels in Israel
    Caroline Banet Noach
    Division of Avian and Aquatic Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4:15-22
    ....
  10. Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus infections in water frequenting and terrestrial wild birds in Kolar District, Karnataka State, India. A retrospective study
    A V Jamgaonkar
    National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
    Acta Virol 47:185-8
    ....
  11. Wild bird mortality and West Nile virus surveillance: biases associated with detection, reporting, and carcass persistence
    Marsha R Ward
    Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
    J Wildl Dis 42:92-106
    ..Species composition of the scavenger assemblage was similar in urban and rural areas but "scavenging pressure" was greater in rural areas...
  12. The role of birds in the ecology of West Nile virus in Europe and Africa
    M Malkinson
    Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel
    Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267:309-22
    ..If this is the case it will be necessary to define the strategies for detection of virus overwintering in the European temperate climate...
  13. Prevalence of West Nile virus neutralizing antibodies in wild birds from the Camargue area, southern France
    Elsa Jourdain
    Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE 291 82 Kalmar, Sweden
    J Wildl Dis 44:766-71
    ..Migratory passerines had a higher prevalence of WNV neutralizing antibodies (7.0%) than did resident and short-distance migratory passerines (0.8%), suggesting exposure to WNV or a related flavivirus during overwintering in Africa...
  14. Passive transfer of maternal antibodies to West Nile virus in flamingo chicks (Phoenicopterus chilensis and Phoenicopterus ruber ruber)
    Eric J Baitchman
    Zoo New England, One Franklin Park Road, Bos ton, Massachusetts 02121, USA
    J Zoo Wildl Med 38:337-40
    ..Hen titers were significantly correlated to chick titers. Mean half-life of maternal WNV antibodies was 13.4 days in chicks for which half-life was measurable...
  15. Antibody response of five bird species after vaccination with a killed West Nile virus vaccine
    Danelle M Okeson
    Center for Conservation and Research, Henry Doorly Zoo, 3701 South Tenth Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68107, USA
    J Zoo Wildl Med 38:240-4
    ..Significant differences in antibody titer over time were detected for black-footed penguins and both flamingo species...
  16. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States
    R S Lanciotti
    Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
    Science 286:2333-7
    ..This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998...
  17. West Nile virus survey of birds and mosquitoes in the Dominican Republic
    Oliver Komar
    University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:120-6
    ..These data suggest that an unidentified flavivirus, as well as WNV, is active in the Dominican Republic...
  18. Limited evolution of West Nile virus has occurred during its southwesterly spread in the United States
    David W C Beasley
    WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
    Virology 309:190-5
    ..The presence of unique patterns of small numbers of mutations in North American West Nile strains studied to date may suggest the absence of a strong selective pressure to drive the emergence of dominant variants...
  19. West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations
    Shannon L LaDeau
    Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
    Nature 447:710-3
    ..Our findings demonstrate the potential impacts of an invasive species on a diverse faunal assemblage across broad geographical scales, and underscore the complexity of subsequent community response...
  20. Detection of avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses amongst wild bird populations in Victoria
    I Peroulis
    Department of Primary Industries, Primary Industries Research Victoria, Attwood, Victoria 3049
    Aust Vet J 82:79-82
    ..This study provides valuable epidemiological information against which to compare future isolates from outbreaks of disease to determine their origin...
  21. Comparison of immune responses of brown-headed cowbird and related blackbirds to west Nile and other mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses
    William K Reisen
    Center for Vectorborne Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
    J Wildl Dis 43:439-49
    ..We concluded that cowbirds may be more resistant to infection to both native and introduced viruses because they experience heightened exposure to a variety of pathogens of parenting birds during the course of their parasitic life style...
  22. Field and laboratory evaluation of diagnostic assays for detecting West Nile virus in oropharyngeal swabs from California wild birds
    Kerry A Padgett
    Vector Borne Disease Section, California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California 94804, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6:183-91
    ..While WNV antigen-capture assays were effective screening tools for corvids, they were markedly less sensitive for Western Scrub Jays (Aphelocoma californica)...
  23. Avian host and mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence determine the efficiency of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission
    W K Reisen
    Center for Vectorborne Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
    J Med Entomol 42:367-75
    ..WNV virulence in birds seemed critical in establishing elevated viremias necessary to efficiently infect blood feeding Culex mosquitoes...
  24. [Pigeons and other birds as a reservoir for Cryptococcus spp]
    Inmaculada Rosario
    Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Veterinaria de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
    Rev Iberoam Micol 25:S13-8
    ..These methods allow the comparison between strains from birds to patients living around them, with high level of discrimination...
  25. Investigation of the link between avian vacuolar myelinopathy and a novel species of cyanobacteria through laboratory feeding trials
    Faith E Wiley
    Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
    J Wildl Dis 43:337-44
    ..The results also demonstrate the seasonal nature of AVM events...
  26. Spatial and temporal changes in prevalence of a cloacal cestode in wintering waterfowl along the Gulf Coast of Texas
    David A Haukos
    Regional Migratory Bird Management Specialist, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Range, Wildlife, and Fisheries Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 2125, USA
    J Wildl Dis 39:152-60
    ..megalops for diving ducks and increasing prevalence for puddle ducks. The increasing trend for puddle ducks may indicate declining habitat conditions resulting in increased exposure to the intermediate ostracod host...
  27. Influenza A viruses of migrating wild aquatic birds in North America
    Scott Krauss
    Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4:177-89
    ..The viruses reported in this study are available for genomic study to determine whether prediction of host range or pandemic potential is possible...
  28. Avian wildlife mortality events due to salmonellosis in the United States, 1985-2004
    Aron J Hall
    College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
    J Wildl Dis 44:585-93
    ..Increased salmonellosis-related mortality in New England, Southeastern, and Mountain-Prairie states was identified. Based on the results of this study, salmonellosis can be considered an important zoonotic disease of wild birds...
  29. Avian cholera on north coast California: distinctive epizootiological features
    Richard G Botzler
    Department of Wildlife, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521 8299, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 969:224-8
    ..Wildfowl at one site consistently died in a sequential pattern; there was no sequential mortality at other sites...
  30. Patterns of Haemoproteus beckeri parasitism in the gray catbird (Dumatella carolinensis) during the breeding season
    Mary C Garvin
    Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
    J Wildl Dis 39:582-7
    ..These observations provide supportive evidence that hematozoa infections are acquired on the breeding grounds during the first year of life and relapse during the breeding season in subsequent years...
  31. Prevalence and diversity of avian hematozoan parasites in Asia: a regional survey
    Farah Ishtiaq
    Genetics Program, National Zoological Park, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
    J Wildl Dis 43:382-98
    ..India and Myanmar shared more host species and habitat types compared to South Korea. Comparison between low-elevation habitat in India and Myanmar showed a difference in prevalence of haematozoans...
  32. Avian haemosporidian parasites infection in wild birds inhabiting Minami-daito Island of the Northwest Pacific, Japan
    Koichi Murata
    College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
    J Vet Med Sci 70:501-3
    ..2%) Borodino islands white-eyes (Zosterops japonicus daitoensis). Plasmodium spp. were found in 94 of 102 (92.2%) bull-headed shrikes (Lanius bucephalus) and 1 of 20 (5%) tree sparrows (Passer montanus)...
  33. Prevalence of blood parasites in Japanese wild birds
    Koichi Murata
    Department of Wildlife Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
    J Vet Med Sci 64:785-90
    ..1% (4/7) in the black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris), 55.6% (5/9) in the brown hawk owl (Ninox scutulata), 41% (16/39) in the carrion crow (Corvus corone) and 24.1% (7/29) in the night heron (Nycticorax nicticorax)...
  34. Surveillance scheme for wildlife disease in England and Wales
    J Paul Duff
    Vet Rec 153:538
  35. [Isolation of influenza virus A (Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus), Dhori virus (Orthomyxoviridae, Thogotovirus), and Newcastle's disease virus (Paromyxoviridae, Avulavirus) on the Malyi Zhemchuzhnyi Island in the north-western area of the Caspian Sea]
    K B Iashkulov
    Vopr Virusol 53:34-8
    ..0%); sera from herring gulls had antibodies against Dhori virus (16.7%); there were no specific antibodies to Inco (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) and mountain hare (Lepus timidus) (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) virus...
  36. West Nile virus vaccines
    Roy A Hall
    Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
    Expert Opin Biol Ther 4:1295-305
    ..Levels of efficacy and safety, as well as logistical, economic and environmental issues, must all be carefully considered before vaccine candidates are approved and selected for large-scale manufacture and distribution...
  37. Introduction of West Nile virus in the Middle East by migrating white storks
    Mertyn Malkinson
    Kirmon Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Isreal
    Emerg Infect Dis 8:392-7
    ..Since these storks were migrating southwards for the first time and had not flown over Israel, we assume that they had become infected with WNV at some point along their route of migration in Europe...
  38. West nile virus surveillance in Romania: 1997-2000
    C S Ceianu
    Reference Laboratory of Insect Vectors, Cantacuzino Institute, Bucharest, Romania
    Viral Immunol 14:251-62
    ....
  39. Wintering of neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus and West Nile virus in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from the Florida Keys
    A B Allison
    Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
    Avian Dis 49:292-7
    ....
  40. West Nile Virus
    Gail R Hansen
    Division of Health, Kansas Department of Health and Environment, USA
    Kans Nurse 79:1-2
    ..There is currently no human vaccine and treatment is symptomatic only. A best preventive measure combines personal protection to prevent mosquito bites with reducing the number of mosquitoes...
  41. [West Nile virus. Prevalence and significance as a zoonotic pathogen]
    G Pauli
    Robert Koch Institut, Berlin
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 47:653-60
    ..Investigations into the prevalence and incidence of WNV infections in German bird populations as well as in dead end hosts such as humans and horses should provide information regarding the potential risk represented by WNV...
  42. [West Nile virus (WNV): generalities and implications for blood transfusion]
    P Gallian
    Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, 149, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
    Transfus Clin Biol 12:11-7
    ..In 2003, the occurrence of humans cases at specific geographical foci urged the French National Blood Agency (etablissement francais du sang) to take preventive measures for evaluating the virus transmission risks...
  43. Arboviruses in Italy
    L Nicoletti
    Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
    Parassitologia 50:109-11
    ....
  44. Introductions of West Nile virus strains to Mexico
    Eleanor Deardorff
    University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 12:314-8
    ....
  45. Genetic stasis of dominant West Nile virus genotype, Houston, Texas
    C Todd Davis
    University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 13:601-4
    ..Subsequent analysis of 44 isolates, including 19 new sequences, from Houston, Texas, suggests that WNV has reached relative genetic stasis at the local level in recent years...
  46. West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America
    Nicholas Komar
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
    Adv Virus Res 61:185-234
  47. Prediction of equine risk of West Nile virus infection based on dead bird surveillance
    Rhonda Sue Roberts
    Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6:1-6
    ..Yet, the positive association between dead bird surveillance and equine WNV risk remains strong and statistically significant, indicating that dead bird surveillance remains a valuable tool of WNV surveillance...
  48. Assays to detect West Nile virus in dead birds
    Ward B Stone
    New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 11:1770-3
    ..The sensitivities of RAMP and VecTest for testing corvid species were 91.0% and 82.1%, respectively...
  49. [West Nile virus: a new challenge?]
    Nereida Valero
    Invest Clin 44:175-7
    ..It is important the knowledge of the ecology of WNV as well of the efficacy of control efforts in order to minimize the public health impact in these countries, where all population is susceptible to this infection...
  50. Laboratory confirmed positive cases of equine West Nile virus in Alberta in 2003
    Gerald W Ollis
    Office of the Chief Provincial Veterinarian, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Edmonton
    Can Vet J 46:131-3
  51. West Nile virus epizootiology in the southeastern United States, 2001
    Marvin S Godsey
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:82-9
    ..The primary transmission cycle of WNV in the southeastern United States apparently involves Culex mosquitoes and passerine birds. Chickens are frequently infected and may serve as effective sentinels in this region...
  52. Expression and evolutionary analysis of West Nile virus (Merion strain)
    Mathura P Ramanathan
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    J Neurovirol 11:544-56
    ..Evolutionary analysis of Merion strain sequences indicates that this strain is distinct phylogenetically from the previously reported WNV strains...
  53. Infectious disease. West Nile's surprisingly swift continental sweep
    Martin Enserink
    Science 297:1988-9
  54. An epidemiological model for West Nile virus: invasion analysis and control applications
    Marjorie J Wonham
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G1, Canada
    Proc Biol Sci 271:501-7
    ..We extend this method to a seasonally variable mosquito population and outline a multi-year model framework. The model's numerical simulations predict disease levels that are consistent with independent data...
  55. Argasid ticks as possible vectors of West Nile virus in Israel
    Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
    Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:65-71
    ..sylviarum, and in one out of 18 pools of D. gallinae, while 63 pools of A. reflexus, 11 of R. sanguineus, and 30 of Hyalomma spec. were negative. The role of mites and ticks in maintaining the endemic state of WNV in Israel is discussed...
  56. Antibody prevalence of West Nile virus in birds, Illinois, 2002
    Adam M Ringia
    Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
    Emerg Infect Dis 10:1120-4
    ..Adult and hatch-year exposure rates did not differ significantly...
  57. Surveillance for West Nile virus in British birds (2001 to 2006)
    L P Phipps
    Veterinary Laboratories Agency - Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
    Vet Rec 162:413-5
  58. West Nile virus activity in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Nicholas Komar
    Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PO Box 2087, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA
    Rev Panam Salud Publica 19:112-7
    ..Isolates are needed to evaluate viral attenuation or other possible explanations for reduced disease burden in tropical ecosystems...
  59. West Nile virus antibodies in avian species of Georgia, USA: 2000-2004
    Samantha E J Gibbs
    Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6:57-72
    ..Due to the large geographic area covered by this species, their utility as a WNV sentinel species may include most of the eastern United States...
  60. Fine-scale genetic variation and evolution of West Nile Virus in a transmission "hot spot" in suburban Chicago, USA
    Luigi Bertolotti
    Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia, Ecologia, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco TO, Italy
    Virology 374:381-9
    ..These results indicate that WNV transmission and evolutionary dynamics can vary seasonally and in response to fine-scale environmental conditions and landscape characteristics related to urbanization...