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Species | Augmentation of GVL Reactivity Without GVHDSummaryPrincipal Investigator: William Drobyski Affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin Country: USA Abstract: The graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect is one of the most potent demonstrations of effective adoptive immunotherapy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Unfortunately, GVL reactivity is often coexpressed with graft versus host disease (GVHD) which is the major complication of this therapy. For the past five years, we have examined a clinically feasible approach whereby thymidine kinase gene-modified alloreactive donor T cells are selectively eliminated early post-BMT to modulate donor T cell survival. Using this strategy in a murine BMT model, we have been able to show that there is a therapeutic window during which GVHD can be significantly reduced without loss of the GVL effect. We have also observed that GVHD results in a loss of self tolerance leading to the development of autoimmunity and that this is attributable to the absence of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) post-BMT. These studies lead us to hypothesize that the interaction between alloreactive donor T cells and Tregs plays a dominant role in the biology of GVL and GVH responses and efforts to separate them in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. To that end, the goal of this competing renewal is to examine how the temporal kinetics and tissue migration of alloreactive donor T cells and regulatory T cells during the evolution of GVL and GVH responses affect the ability to dissociate GVL/GVH reactivity. The specfic aims of the grant are: (1) to define the temporal kinetics of GVL and GVH reactivity, (2) to characterize the role of regulatory T cells in modulating the severity of GVHD, and (3) to determine how the interaction between Tregs and alloreactive donor T cells affects the ability to separate GVL and GVH reactivity. These studies will take advantage of novel, clinically relevant murine models to address these questions. The overall goal is that this proposal will provide important preclinical data that will further our understanding of how Tregs modulate GVL and GVH reactivity and will serve as a foundation for the application of this overall strategy into the clinic. The relevance of this project to public health derives from the fact that GVHD is the major complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Better understanding of how to reduce this complication while at the same time preserving the beneficial effects that result from the transplant will lead to new therapies and better outcomes for patients. Funding Period: 2000-05-01 - 2011-06-30 more information: NIH RePORT Top Publications
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Publications
Alpha phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) protects syngeneic marrow transplant recipients from the lethal cytokine syndrome occurring after agonistic CD40 antibody administrationMaria Gendelman
Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Blood 105:428-31. 2005....
Emergent autoimmunity in graft-versus-host diseaseElizabeth Tivol
Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Blood 105:4885-91. 2005....- Homeostatic expansion and repertoire regeneration of donor T cells during graft versus host disease is constrained by the host environmentJack Gorski
Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Blood 109:5502-10. 2007..We thereby conclude that the host environment and not an intrinsic T-cell defect is primarily responsible for the lack of effective T-cell expansion and diversification of complex T-cell repertoires that occurs during GVHD... - Absence of regulatory T-cell control of TH1 and TH17 cells is responsible for the autoimmune-mediated pathology in chronic graft-versus-host diseaseXiao Chen
Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Blood 110:3804-13. 2007.... - Interleukin-23 secretion by donor antigen-presenting cells is critical for organ-specific pathology in graft-versus-host diseaseRupali Das
Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Blood 113:2352-62. 2009..Furthermore, these studies also identify IL-23 as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of this life-threatening disorder... - Blockade of interleukin-6 signaling augments regulatory T-cell reconstitution and attenuates the severity of graft-versus-host diseaseXiao Chen
Bone Marrow Transplant Program, and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Blood 114:891-900. 2009..These studies demonstrate that antibody blockade of the IL-6R serves to recalibrate the effector and regulatory arms of the immune system and represents a novel, potentially clinically translatable, strategy for the attenuation of GVHD...