Ptger4

..Consistent with mRNA expression of the G(s)-coupled EP4- and G(i)-coupled EP3-PGE receptor subtypes, P-815 cell adhesion was accelerated by treatment with a selective EP4 ..

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates a variety of innate and adaptive immunity through four distinct receptors: EP1-EP4. It has been suggested that each EP plays a unique and pivotal role in various disease conditions...

..Malignant and immortalized normal mammary epithelial cell lines express all four EP. The EP4 antagonist AH23848 reduced the ability of tumor cells to colonize the lungs or to spontaneously metastasize from ..

..The rate-limiting step in PGE(2) signal termination is PGE(2) uptake by the transporter PGT...

..Homozygous deletion of the EP1, EP2, or EP3 receptors did not affect the development of arthritis, whereas EP4 receptor-deficient mice showed decreased incidence and severity of disease...

The physiological role of the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype was investigated by generation of EP4-deficient-mice by gene targeting...

..PGE2 acts by interacting with four subtypes of PGE receptor, the EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptors. Here we generate mice lacking each of these receptors by homologous recombination...

..Thus, the PGE(2)-EP3 pathway is an important negative modulator of allergic reactions...

..This requirement is absent in mice lacking the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor (EP4(-/-) mice)...

..In this article, we summarize these findings and attempt to give an overview of the current status of research on the prostanoid receptors...

..by the prostanoid receptors prostaglandin I receptor and the prostaglandin E receptor subtypes EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, the respective agonists for which have been purified...

..Among the prostanoid receptor-deficient mice, only EP4-deficient mice and not mice deficient in either DP, EP1, EP2, EP3, FP, IP, or TP developed severe colitis with 3% ..

..all four PGE receptor subtypes, their migration to regional lymph nodes was decreased only in EP4-deficient (Ptger4-/-) mice and in wild-type mice treated with an EP4 antagonist...

..By using mice lacking each of the four PGE receptors (EP1-EP4) and an EP1-selective antagonist, ONO-8713, we showed that both EP1 and EP3 are required for adrenocorticotropic ..

..We examined which of four distinct subtypes of PGE2 receptors (EP1-EP4) mediated the anorexigenic action of PGE2 using highly selective ligands. PGE2 at a dose of 0...

..This PGE(2)-induced signaling network activated by increased P(gc) could be detrimental to podocyte health and glomerular filtration barrier integrity...

..Through the receptor EP4, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) exerts an anti-inflammatory action in macrophages, suppressing stimulus-induced ..

..Therefore, elevated PGE2 levels might provide an important pathway by which mast cells are engaged to participate in inflammatory responses in the elderly patient...

..Reciprocal changes in the interaction between BRCA1, p300, and the aromatase promoter I.3/II contributed to the inductive effects of PGE(2)...

..Despite similar bone size, the absence of an EP(4) receptor may have removed a necessary link for bone adaptation pathways, which resulted in relatively weaker bone properties...

..PGE(2) (100 ng/mL) and EP4 agonist (1 microM) up-regulated RANKL and IL-6 mRNA levels, while they down-regulated OPG mRNA expression...

..For this purpose, we have examined ONO-4819, which is a prostaglandin (PG) E2 EP4 receptor selective agonist (EP4A), as a positive modulators for the efficacy of BMPs...

..PGE2-induced plasma membrane translocation of cytoplasm SVCT2, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with EP4 receptor antagonist, AH-23848B or cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89...

..The present study examined the role of the EP4 receptor in regulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis...

..Therefore, knowing the pattern of change in relative EP receptor expression in the kidney could be useful in identifying specific EP targets for the prevention of various components of diabetic kidney disease...

..Additionally, COX-2 expression was significantly attenuated in the DA of mice deficient in the prostanoid receptor EP4, which also show a patent DA phenotype, suggesting the importance of this receptor for the induction of COX-2 ..

..The UV-induced ear swelling at 48 h after exposure was significantly reduced in EP2(-/-), EP4(-/-) or wild-type mice treated with the EP4 antagonist compared to control mice...

..MSC-mediated Th17 inhibition was reversed by a selective EP4 antagonist and was mimicked by synthetic PGE2 and a selective EP4 agonist...

..Taken together, PGE(2) exhibits anxiolytic-like activity via EP(1) and EP(4) receptors, with downstream involvement of 5-HT(1A), D(1) and GABA(A) receptor systems...

..Mice treated with an antagonist for prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4), but not those deficient in other prostanoid receptors, show impaired UV-induced immunosuppression, whereas ..

..Given the role of PGE2 in regulating the development of RA-producing DCs, modulating this pathway may prove a novel means to control the development of gut-tropic immune responses...

..e., mechanical stretch) along with prostaglandin E(2) stimulation of its EP4 receptor induced cyclooxygenase-2 in a p38-dependent manner...

..Moreover, stromal formation after tumor implantation was suppressed in EP3-/- mice and EP4-/- mice, in which stromal expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 and S100A4 was reduced...

Using a line of mice with cardiac-specific knockout (KO) of the EP4 receptor gene, experiments were designed to determine whether a cardiac phenotype developed with age...

..Using prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP)2 and EP4 agonists, we examined the effects of EP receptor activation in compensation for the lack of COX-2 during fracture ..

..Here we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acting on its receptor EP4 on T cells and dendritic cells not only facilitates TH1 cell differentiation but also amplifies interleukin-23-..

..However, the PGE2 receptor (EP1, EP2, or EP4), and cell type in which it is expressed, which is responsible for PGE2 induction of RANKL during wear debris-..

Because global deletion of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor results in neonatal lethality, we generated a mouse with targeted EP4 receptor deletion using Cre-LoxP methodology and a 2...

..In human purified naive T cells, PGE2 acts via prostaglandin receptor EP2- and EP4-mediated signaling and cyclic AMP pathways to up-regulate IL-23 and IL-1 receptor expression...

..Here, we identify Ptger4 as a negative feedback regulator of proliferation in response to BCR signals and show that its encoded EP4 ..

..However, their roles in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo remain unknown. We intended to clarify the roles of these receptors in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy using mice lacking each of their receptors...

..In wild-type (WT) mice and in mice lacking distinct PGE2 receptors (EP1-/-, EP2-/-, EP3-/-, and EP4-/-), the effect of chronic furosemide administration (7 d) on urine output, sodium and potassium excretion, and ..

..In contrast, all four receptor subtypes are involved in the control of renal vascular tone, EP(1) and EP(3) receptors increasing, and EP(2) as well as EP(4) receptors, decreasing it...

..TNF-alpha mRNA levels also were examined. High levels of EPs (EP4/2>EP1>EP3), iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA were expressed in peritoneal macrophages from pristane-treated but not untreated ..

..5 Hz) for 2 h. EP4 and COX-2 mRNA increased three- and sevenfold above nonstretched controls, whereas EP1 and COX-1 levels were ..

..This segregation of EP receptor function within the airway suggests that PGE(2) analogs that selectively activate the EP2 receptor without activating the EP1/EP3 receptors might prove useful in the treatment of asthma...

..Four receptor-subtypes have been cloned for PGE2 so far. Two of them, the EP2-receptor and the EP4-receptor are linked to stimulatory Gs-proteins and could mediate the inhibition by PGE2 of TNFalpha-formation.

..bone resorption by a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent mechanism that involves prostaglandin E receptors of the EP2 and EP4 subtypes. We tested a potent selective EP4 antagonist (EP4RA), which blocks PGE(2) binding to EP4 receptors...

..The mechanism for this dual action of PGE2 is not clear. This study shows that among the four PGE2 receptors (EP1-EP4), activation of EP3 is sufficient to mediate the proaggregatory actions of low PGE2 concentration...

..identified PGE receptor subtype(s) mediating this PGE(2) action using mice lacking each subtype (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) of PGE receptor...

..g., receptors for various prostaglandins). This minireview will outline the phenotype of these knockout mice and what has been learned about eicosanoid functions through use of this novel methodology...

..Cadherin-8, as well as cadherin-11, was mapped to a specific region of chromosome 8 that also includes cadherins-1, -3, and -5...

..Four major PGE2 receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, mediate various PGE2 effects via their coupling to distinct signaling pathways...

..The levels of the EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors and the prostaglandin I2 receptor were changed in these cells by serum or LPS ..

..The anti-proliferative effects of COX inhibition are rescued specifically by treatment with PGE(2) or the EP4 receptor-selective agonist PGE(1)-OH via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) ..

..These results suggest that this receptor is EP2 subtype. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the EP2 mRNA is widely expressed in various tissues, the abundant expression being observed in ileum, thymus, and mastocytoma P-815 cells...

..Recent studies have suggested the physiological and pathological role of EP4 in various inflammatory diseases...

The EP4 receptor, one of the subtypes of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor, plays a critical role in the anabolic effects of PGE2 on bone...

..A selective EP2 receptor agonist mimicked these effects. Deletion of the EP2 receptor or depletion of T-cells abrogated the increase in OC number...

..These results indicate that PGI2 derived from COX-2 plays a critical role in regulating the release of renin and consequently renovascular hypertension in vivo...

..Our results show that inflammatory tachycardia is caused by a direct action on the heart of TXA(2) and PGF(2alpha) formed under systemic inflammatory conditions...

..extent PGE(2) inhibits the differentiation of cells to adipocytes and to examine whether its effect could be due to EP4 receptor signaling, we used microarrays to analyze the gene expression profiles of 3T3-L1 cells exposed to a ..

..We previously reported that PGE2-receptor EP4 stimulated the adhesion of mouse mastocytoma P-815 cells to plate-bound fibronectin...

..responses mediating a variety of both innate and adaptive immune responses through 4 distinct receptors: EP1 to EP4. The use of gene-targeted mice and selective agonists/antagonists responsible for each receptor has gradually ..

..Taken together, centrally administered Ang II and III may decrease food intake through AT(2) receptor with partial involvement of AT(1) receptor, followed by EP(4) receptor activation, which is a novel pathway regulating food intake...

..Here, we show that one of the PGE(2) receptors, the EP4 receptor, plays an important role in metastasis in both of these tumor types. Using i.v...

CP432 is a newly discovered, nonprostanoid EP4 receptor selective prostaglandin E2 agonist...

..The findings presented here point to a dichotomy between the recruitment of inflammatory cells to tissue and an inability of these cells to kill localized spirochetes...

..Expression of EP4 mRNA was moderate in surface epithelial cells of the corpus and in glands from the surface to the base of the ..

..that PGE2-mediated induction of Treg cell Foxp3 gene expression was significantly reduced in the absence of the EP4 receptor and ablated in the absence of the EP2 receptor expression...

..Bone marrow macrophage osteoclast precursors expressed PGE2 receptors EP1, EP2, EP3beta, and EP4, and the expression of EP2 and EP4 was down-regulated during osteoclastic differentiation induced by receptor ..

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..There are four receptors for PGE(2) (EP1-EP4) with unique patterns of expression and different coupling to intracellular signaling pathways...

..EP3-/-) were significantly delayed compared with their wild-type (WT) mice, whereas those in EP1-/-, EP2-/-, and EP4-/- were not delayed...

..There are four PGE(2) receptors but only the EP2 and EP4 receptors are reported to be important for OC formation...

..healing in mice caused by indomethacin was significantly reversed by the coadministration of 11-deoxy-PGE1 (EP3/EP4 agonist) but not other prostanoids, including the EP1, EP2, and EP3 agonists...

..These studies will help us to determine how stinaulation of the MMP/angiostatin axis can be used as a tool to inhibit specifically tumor vaseularization and growth. ..

..These studies will help us to determine how stinaulation of the MMP/angiostatin axis can be used as a tool to inhibit specifically tumor vaseularization and growth. ..

..These studies will help us to determine how stinaulation of the MMP/angiostatin axis can be used as a tool to inhibit specifically tumor vaseularization and growth. ..

..diabetic kidneys, ii) PGE2 stimulates angiogenesis, iii) PGE2 increases endothelial permeability, and iv) the PGE2 EP4 receptor is highly expressed in glomeruli, we hypothesize that a functional prostaglandin dependent pathway is ..