Btk

Summary

Gene Symbol: Btk
Description: Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase
Alias: AI528679, xid, ATK, B-cell progenitor kinase, BPK, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK (Brutons tyrosine kinase) (Agammaglobulinaemia tyrosine kinase) (ATK) (B cell progenitor kinase) (BPK) (Kinase EMB), X-linked immune deficiency, agammaglobulinaemia tyrosine kinase, agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase, bruton tyrosine kinase, kinase EMB, tyrosine-protein kinase BTK
Species: mouse

Top Publications

  1. ncbi The follicular versus marginal zone B lymphocyte cell fate decision is regulated by Aiolos, Btk, and CD21
    A Cariappa
    Cancer Center and, Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
    Immunity 14:603-15. 2001
  2. ncbi Macrophage effector functions controlled by Bruton's tyrosine kinase are more crucial than the cytokine balance of T cell responses for microfilarial clearance
    Sangita Mukhopadhyay
    National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
    J Immunol 168:2914-21. 2002
  3. ncbi The B cell receptor promotes B cell activation and proliferation through a non-ITAM tyrosine in the Igalpha cytoplasmic domain
    Heide Christine K Patterson
    The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Immunity 25:55-65. 2006
  4. ncbi Defective B cell development and function in Btk-deficient mice
    W N Khan
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Childrens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Immunity 3:283-99. 1995
  5. ncbi Impaired expansion of mouse B cell progenitors lacking Btk
    J D Kerner
    Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
    Immunity 3:301-12. 1995
  6. ncbi Structure and expression of novel protein-tyrosine kinases, Emb and Emt, in hematopoietic cells
    N Yamada
    Division of Immunobiology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, California 92037
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 192:231-40. 1993
  7. ncbi Mutation of the pleckstrin homology domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in immunodeficiency impaired inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate binding capacity
    M Fukuda
    Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN, 3 1 1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
    J Biol Chem 271:30303-6. 1996
  8. ncbi The interaction of the xid and me genes
    C L Scribner
    J Immunol 138:3611-7. 1987
  9. ncbi Class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in early mouse B cells are mediated by B cell and Toll-like receptors
    Jin Hwan Han
    Program in Immunology and Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
    Immunity 27:64-75. 2007
  10. ncbi Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha
    D A Fruman
    Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Science 283:393-7. 1999

Research Grants

  1. Mechanisms How Adipocytes Affect Bone in Aging Mice
    Fredric B Kraemer; Fiscal Year: 2010
  2. Initiation of Contact and Asthmatic Hypersensitivity
    Philip Askenase; Fiscal Year: 2007
  3. Anti-Sm B Cell Regulation
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Anti-Sm B Cell Regulation
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2006
  5. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Function in Lymphocytes
    David Fruman; Fiscal Year: 2006
  6. PI3K Signaling in Single Lymphocytes Analyzed by LMS
    David Fruman; Fiscal Year: 2005
  7. ROLE OF EOSINOPHILS IN IMMUNITY TO S STERCORALIS
    David Abraham; Fiscal Year: 2005
  8. B Cell Traffic in Type I Diabetes Mellitus
    PEGGY KENDALL; Fiscal Year: 2007
  9. B1B lymphocytes generate T cell-independent memory
    KISHORE ALUGUPALLI; Fiscal Year: 2007
  10. Anti-Sm B Cell Regulation
    Stephen H Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2010

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Publications110 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi The follicular versus marginal zone B lymphocyte cell fate decision is regulated by Aiolos, Btk, and CD21
    A Cariappa
    Cancer Center and, Massachusetts General Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
    Immunity 14:603-15. 2001
    ..the downregulation of CD21 expression in follicular B cells, all of which depend on the generation of signals via Btk, which is in epistasis to Aiolos...
  2. ncbi Macrophage effector functions controlled by Bruton's tyrosine kinase are more crucial than the cytokine balance of T cell responses for microfilarial clearance
    Sangita Mukhopadhyay
    National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
    J Immunol 168:2914-21. 2002
    Macrophages from X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice lacking functional Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) show poor NO induction and enhanced IL-12 induction, and contribute to delayed clearance of injected microfilaria (mf) in vivo...
  3. ncbi The B cell receptor promotes B cell activation and proliferation through a non-ITAM tyrosine in the Igalpha cytoplasmic domain
    Heide Christine K Patterson
    The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Immunity 25:55-65. 2006
    ..These results suggest that Igalpha non-ITAM tyrosine 204 promotes a distinct cellular response, namely T-independent B cell proliferation and differentiation via phosphorylation of the adaptor BLNK...
  4. ncbi Defective B cell development and function in Btk-deficient mice
    W N Khan
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Childrens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Immunity 3:283-99. 1995
    Mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene have been linked to severe early B cell developmental blocks in human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and to milder B cell activation deficiencies in murine X-linked immune ..
  5. ncbi Impaired expansion of mouse B cell progenitors lacking Btk
    J D Kerner
    Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
    Immunity 3:301-12. 1995
    Mutations in the gene encoding the protein tyrosine kinase Btk are associated with the human B cell immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)...
  6. ncbi Structure and expression of novel protein-tyrosine kinases, Emb and Emt, in hematopoietic cells
    N Yamada
    Division of Immunobiology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, California 92037
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 192:231-40. 1993
    ..6-kb mRNA in mast cells, myeloid cells and T lymphocytes. The evidence for in vitro tyrosine kinase activity of Emb and Emt proteins is also provided...
  7. ncbi Mutation of the pleckstrin homology domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in immunodeficiency impaired inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate binding capacity
    M Fukuda
    Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN, 3 1 1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
    J Biol Chem 271:30303-6. 1996
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase, plays a pivotal role in B cell activation and development...
  8. ncbi The interaction of the xid and me genes
    C L Scribner
    J Immunol 138:3611-7. 1987
    ..me) mutation has been bred onto the NFS background and combined with the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation to investigate the effect of the xid-induced B cell maturational block on the widespread immune ..
  9. ncbi Class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in early mouse B cells are mediated by B cell and Toll-like receptors
    Jin Hwan Han
    Program in Immunology and Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
    Immunity 27:64-75. 2007
    ..Early AID expression can increase the preimmune repertoire of developing B cells, may provide an innate population of IgG- and IgA-expressing cells, and could be involved in receptor editing of self-reactive immature B cells...
  10. ncbi Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha
    D A Fruman
    Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Science 283:393-7. 1999
    ..In contrast, T cell development and proliferation was normal. This phenotype is similar to defects observed in mice lacking the tyrosine kinase Btk.
  11. ncbi The pleckstrin homology domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase interacts with protein kinase C
    L Yao
    Division of Immunobiology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA 92037
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:9175-9. 1994
    b>Bruton tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.1...
  12. ncbi Xid-like immunodeficiency in mice with disruption of the p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase
    H Suzuki
    Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 160 8582, Japan
    Science 283:390-2. 1999
    ..These phenotypes are nearly identical to those of Btk-/- or xid (X-linked immunodeficiency) mice...
  13. ncbi Deficient expression of a B cell cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase in human X-linked agammaglobulinemia
    S Tsukada
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
    Cell 72:279-90. 1993
    We describe a novel cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, termed BPK (B cell progenitor kinase), which is expressed in all stages of the B lineage and in myeloid cells...
  14. ncbi The gene involved in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia is a member of the src family of protein-tyrosine kinases
    D Vetrie
    Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, UMDS, Guy s Hospital, London, UK
    Nature 361:226-33. 1993
    ..The gene is a member of the src family of proto-oncogenes which encode protein-tyrosine kinases. This is, to our knowledge, the first evidence that mutations in a src-related gene are involved in human genetic disease...
  15. ncbi Involvement of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in FcepsilonRI-dependent mast cell degranulation and cytokine production
    D Hata
    Division of Allergy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA
    J Exp Med 187:1235-47. 1998
    We investigated the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in FcepsilonRI-dependent activation of mouse mast cells, using xid and btk null mutant mice...
  16. ncbi Colocalization of X-linked agammaglobulinemia and X-linked immunodeficiency genes
    J D Thomas
    Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
    Science 261:355-8. 1993
    ..A backcross of 1114 progeny revealed the colocalization of xid with Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (btk) gene, which is implicated in the human immune deficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia...
  17. ncbi Accelerated emigration of B lymphocytes in the Xid mouse
    A Cariappa
    Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
    J Immunol 162:4417-23. 1999
    ..specific maintenance defect was noted in fraction I (IgDhighIgMlow) B cells in Xid mice (which harbor a mutation in Btk)...
  18. ncbi Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulates the activation of gene rearrangements at the lambda light chain locus in precursor B cells in the mouse
    G M Dingjan
    Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    J Exp Med 193:1169-78. 2001
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in precursor B (pre-B) cell receptor signaling...
  19. ncbi Demonstration of B-cell maturation in X-linked immunodeficient mice by simultaneous three-colour immunofluorescence
    R R Hardy
    Nature 306:270-2. 1983
    CBA/N mice carrying the X-linked immune deficiency gene (xid) have fewer splenic B cells than normal CBA mice and are unresponsive to a certain class of antigens...
  20. ncbi The xid mutation diminishes memory B cell generation but does not affect somatic hypermutation and selection
    A Ridderstad
    The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
    J Immunol 157:3357-65. 1996
    ..we examine the relationship between primary and secondary T cell-dependent immune responses using the response of xid mice to the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) as an experimental model...
  21. ncbi The absence of SLP65 and Btk blocks B cell development at the preB cell receptor-positive stage
    H Jumaa
    Molecular Immunology, Biologie III, University of Freiburg and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany
    Eur J Immunol 31:2164-9. 2001
    ..A strikingly similar phenotype is observed in Btk-deficient mice...
  22. ncbi Involvement of SLP-65 and Btk in tumor suppression and malignant transformation of pre-B cells
    Rudi W Hendriks
    Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, P O Box 1738, NL 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Semin Immunol 18:67-76. 2006
    ..In the mouse, the downstream signaling molecules SLP-65 and Btk cooperate to limit proliferation and induce differentiation of pre-B cells, thereby acting as tumor suppressors to ..
  23. ncbi Impaired precursor B cell differentiation in Bruton's tyrosine kinase-deficient mice
    Sabine Middendorp
    Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    J Immunol 168:2695-703. 2002
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic signaling molecule that is crucial for precursor (pre-B) cell differentiation in humans...
  24. ncbi Btk dosage determines sensitivity to B cell antigen receptor cross-linking
    A B Satterthwaite
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:13152-7. 1997
    Mutations in Btk result in the B cell immunodeficiencies X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice...
  25. ncbi xid affects events leading to B cell cycle entry
    K Brorson
    Office of Therapeutics Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Immunol 159:135-43. 1997
    ..patients and X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice possess mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk kinase) gene and display defects in B cell development and activation by sIg cross-linking...
  26. ncbi Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulates apoptosis and JNK/SAPK kinase activity
    Y Kawakami
    Division of Allergy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:3938-42. 1997
    Mast cells derived from Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)-defective xid or btk null mice showed greater expansion in culture containing interleukin-3 (IL-3) than those from wild-type (wt) mice...
  27. ncbi BAP-135, a target for Bruton's tyrosine kinase in response to B cell receptor engagement
    W Yang
    Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:604-9. 1997
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is essential for B cell activation, but downstream targets of Btk have not been defined...
  28. ncbi Impaired B cell maturation in mice lacking Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and CD40
    W N Khan
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
    Int Immunol 9:395-405. 1997
    Mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene, in mice, result in reduced numbers and responses of peripheral B cells...
  29. ncbi Differentially regulated expression and function of CD22 in activated B-1 and B-2 lymphocytes
    Frédéric Lajaunias
    Department of Pathology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    J Immunol 168:6078-83. 2002
    ..These data indicate that the expression and function of CD22 are differentially regulated in B-1 and conventional B-2 cells, which are apparently implicated in innate and adaptive immunity, respectively...
  30. ncbi A re-evaluation of the effects of X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation on B cell differentiation and function in the mouse
    G G Klaus
    Division of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, GB
    Eur J Immunol 27:2749-56. 1997
    CBA/N (xid) mice have a point mutation in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk), which results in their failure to respond to T-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens, and to several B cell mitogens [most notably anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)] in vitro...
  31. ncbi Bruton's tyrosine kinase is required for signaling the CD79b-mediated pro-B to pre-B cell transition
    T Kouro
    Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4 6 1 Shirokanedai Minato ku, Tokyo 108 8639, Japan
    Int Immunol 13:485-93. 2001
    ..Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays important roles in B cell development...
  32. ncbi Severe B cell deficiency in mice lacking the tec kinase family members Tec and Btk
    W Ellmeier
    Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine
    J Exp Med 192:1611-24. 2000
    ..To reveal potential compensatory roles of other Tec kinases such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), Tec/Btk double-deficient mice were generated...
  33. ncbi Early arrest in B cell development in transgenic mice that express the E41K Bruton's tyrosine kinase mutant under the control of the CD19 promoter region
    A Maas
    Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    J Immunol 162:6526-33. 1999
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a nonreceptor protein kinase that is defective in X-linked agammaglobulinemia in humans and in X-linked immunodeficiency in mice...
  34. ncbi Splice variants of the mouse Tec gene are differentially expressed in vivo
    A L Merkel
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
    Cytogenet Cell Genet 84:132-9. 1999
    ..6 kb 5' to the gene for Txk, a Tec family member. Comparison of mouse and human Btk, human TXK, and mouse Tec genomic structures shows a high level of conservation of exon/intron boundaries...
  35. ncbi Bruton's tyrosine-kinase-deficient murine B lymphocytes fail to enter S phase when stimulated with anti-immunoglobulin plus interleukin-4
    J Forssell
    Department of Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Umea University, Sweden
    Scand J Immunol 49:155-61. 1999
    ..earliest recognized defects of B cells carrying the xid mutation in the gene encoding for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) was their inability to proliferate in response to anti-immunoglobulin plus interleukin (IL)-4 stimulation...
  36. ncbi BCR engagement induces Fas resistance in primary B cells in the absence of functional Bruton's tyrosine kinase
    Joseph R Tumang
    Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
    J Immunol 168:2712-9. 2002
    ..The signaling mediator, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), is required for certain sIg-triggered responses, and Btk is reported to directly bind Fas and block Fas-mediated ..
  37. ncbi Defective degranulation and calcium mobilization of bone-marrow derived mast cells from Xid and Btk-deficient mice
    R Setoguchi
    Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
    Immunol Lett 64:109-18. 1998
    ..We investigated a possible role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in the regulation of adhesion and degranulation by using bone marrow-derived mast cells from X-linked ..
  38. ncbi Independent and opposing roles for Btk and lyn in B and myeloid signaling pathways
    A B Satterthwaite
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles 90095, USA
    J Exp Med 188:833-44. 1998
    Transphosphorylation by Src family kinases is required for the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)...
  39. ncbi Transgene expression of bcl-xL permits anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)-induced proliferation in xid B cells
    N Solvason
    Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
    J Exp Med 187:1081-91. 1998
    Mutations in the tyrosine kinase, Btk, result in a mild immunodeficiency in mice (xid)...
  40. ncbi Profound reduction of mature B cell numbers, reactivities and serum Ig levels in mice which simultaneously carry the XID and CD40 deficiency genes
    Y Oka
    Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
    Int Immunol 8:1675-85. 1996
    ..They could be selected and/or stimulated at the transition from immature to mature B cells: in btk controlled or in CD40 controlled ways.
  41. ncbi PI3K and Btk differentially regulate B cell antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction
    Harumi Suzuki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160 8582, Japan
    Nat Immunol 4:280-6. 2003
    Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) is thought to activate the tyrosine kinase Btk. However, through analysis of PI3K-/- and Btk-/- mice, B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-induced activation of Btk in mouse B cells was found to be unaffected by ..
  42. ncbi B lymphocyte production in the bone marrow of mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid)
    G K Reid
    J Immunol 135:2299-302. 1985
    CBA/N mice carry an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency (xid) gene manifested by the absence of a B lymphocyte subpopulation, but the manner in which the xid gene exerts its effect on B lymphocyte development is unknown...
  43. ncbi Inactivation of Btk by insertion of lacZ reveals defects in B cell development only past the pre-B cell stage
    R W Hendriks
    Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    EMBO J 15:4862-72. 1996
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic protein kinase that is defective in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia in man and in X-linked immunodeficiency in the mouse...
  44. ncbi X-linked B-lymphocyte immune defect in CBA/HN mice. I. Studies of the function and composition of spleen cells
    I Scher
    J Exp Med 141:788-803. 1975
    ..The possible nature of this defect and the similarity of the immune defect in these mice to certain human X-linked immunodeficiency diseases are discussed...
  45. ncbi B cells from CBA/N mice do not proliferate following ligation of CD40
    J Hasbold
    National Institute for Medical Research, London, GB
    Eur J Immunol 24:152-7. 1994
    ..Since the xid defect has now been identified as a point mutation in the protein tyrosine kinase Btk, our results point to an important role for this kinase in the downstream signaling cascade elicited in response to ..
  46. ncbi Ability of the xid gene to prevent autoimmunity in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice during the course of their natural history, after polyclonal stimulation, or following immunization with DNA
    B J Steinberg
    J Clin Invest 70:587-97. 1982
    ..By a series of matings, congenic (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid mice were prepared...
  47. ncbi Physiology of B cells in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid). III. Disappearance of xid B cells in double bone marrow chimeras
    J Sprent
    J Exp Med 160:711-23. 1984
    Evidence is presented that B cells from mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) differentiate at a slower rate than normal B cells...
  48. ncbi The CBA/N mouse strain: an experimental model illustrating the influence of the X-chromosome on immunity
    I Scher
    Adv Immunol 33:1-71. 1982
  49. ncbi Are xid B lymphocytes representative of any normal B cell population. A commentary
    D E Mosier
    Medical Biology Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
    J Mol Cell Immunol 2:70. 1985
  50. ncbi Physiology of B cells in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency. I. Size, migratory properties, and turnover of the B cell pool
    J Sprent
    J Immunol 134:1442-8. 1985
    In terms of certain immune functions and density of surface IgM, B cells from xid mice are often viewed as the equivalent of the immature (Lyb-5-) B cell subset of normal adult mice...
  51. ncbi Development of B lymphocytes in mice heterozygous for the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation. xid inhibits development of all splenic and lymph node B cells at a stage subsequent to their initial formation in bone marrow
    L M Forrester
    J Exp Med 165:949-58. 1987
    CBA/N mice were crossed with CBA/Ca-Pgk-1a to produce female F1 hybrids that were heterozygous for both xid and the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) allozymes...
  52. ncbi Early arrest of B cell development in nude, X-linked immune-deficient mice
    D Karagogeos
    Eur J Immunol 16:1125-30. 1986
    Mice simultaneously expressing the nude and xid mutations have a severe deficit of both mature T and B cells. We now report studies designed to determine at which point in B cell differentiation development is arrested...
  53. ncbi Defective IL-5-receptor-mediated signaling in B cells of X-linked immunodeficient mice
    M Koike
    Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
    Int Immunol 7:21-30. 1995
    ..X-linked immunodeficient (XID) mice do not respond to thymus-independent type II antigens, and have an abnormal response to a variety of ..
  54. ncbi CD38 unresponsiveness of xid B cells implicates Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) as a regular of CD38 induced signal transduction
    L Santos-Argumedo
    DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    Int Immunol 7:163-70. 1995
    ..In light of the recent proposal that the xid gene encodes a tyrosine kinase called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk), these data suggest that btk is either an integral component or an indirect regulator of the CD38-induced signal ..
  55. ncbi Mutation of unique region of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in immunodeficient XID mice
    D J Rawlings
    Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
    Science 261:358-61. 1993
    The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk, formerly bpk or atk), is crucial for B cell development...
  56. ncbi Mice with the xid B cell defect are less susceptible to developing Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis
    Y X Zhao
    Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Goteborg, Sweden
    J Immunol 155:2067-76. 1995
    ..in the development of experimental Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis, we used X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mice that carry a Bruton's tyrosine kinase mutation affecting the function of B cells. NFR/N...
  57. ncbi Btk regulates localization, in vivo activation, and class switching of anti-DNA B cells
    Kristina E Halcomb
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
    Mol Immunol 46:233-41. 2008
    ..The Tec kinase Btk is necessary for the production of anti-DNA antibodies in several murine models of SLE...
  58. ncbi Interleukin-10 secreted by B-1 cells modulates the phagocytic activity of murine macrophages in vitro
    Ana Flavia Popi
    Discipline of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Immunology 113:348-54. 2004
    ..Our results show that peritoneal macrophages from Xid mice, a mouse strain deprived of B-1 cells, have higher phagocytic indexes for zymozan particles when compared with ..
  59. ncbi Btk-dependent Rac activation and actin rearrangement following FcepsilonRI aggregation promotes enhanced chemotactic responses of mast cells
    Hye Sun Kuehn
    Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892 1881, USA
    J Cell Sci 123:2576-85. 2010
    ..with enhanced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and downstream activation of the tyrosine protein kinase Btk, with subsequent enhanced phospholipase (PL)Cγ-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization, Rac activation and F-..
  60. ncbi Functional interaction of caveolin-1 with Bruton's tyrosine kinase and Bmx
    Leonardo Vargas
    Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
    J Biol Chem 277:9351-7. 2002
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), a member of the Tec family of protein-tyrosine kinases, has been shown to be crucial for B cell development, differentiation, and signaling...
  61. ncbi Sixty-nine kilobases of contiguous human genomic sequence containing the alpha-galactosidase A and Bruton's tyrosine kinase loci
    J C Oeltjen
    Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Mamm Genome 6:334-8. 1995
    ..Upon cloning of the XLA gene, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk), both Fabry disease and XLA were mapped within the same 50- to 70-kb interval...
  62. ncbi CD38 induces differentiation of immature transitional 2 B lymphocytes in the spleen
    Juan C Rodríguez-Alba
    Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
    Blood 111:3644-52. 2008
    ..Finally, CD38 stimulation of T2 B lymphocytes obtained from Btk-, Lyn-, or Fyn-deficient mice showed a defective differentiation; similarly, drugs interfering with PI3K or ERK ..
  63. ncbi Influence of the mouse Bcg, Tbc-1 and xid genes on resistance and immune responses to tuberculosis infection and efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination
    B V Nikonenko
    Experimental Immunogenetics Laboratory, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
    Clin Exp Immunol 104:37-43. 1996
    We have studied the role of three mouse distinct non-H-2 genes (Bcg, Tbc-1, xid) in several phenomena of antituberculosis immunity and resistance...
  64. ncbi Autoreactive B cell responses to RNA-related antigens due to TLR7 gene duplication
    Prapaporn Pisitkun
    Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
    Science 312:1669-72. 2006
    ..These results reveal high divergence in mouse Y chromosomes and represent a good example of gene copy number qualitatively altering a polygenic disease manifestation...
  65. ncbi Reduced diabetes in btk-deficient nonobese diabetic mice and restoration of diabetes with provision of an anti-insulin IgH chain transgene
    Peggy L Kendall
    Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
    J Immunol 183:6403-12. 2009
    ..and function of B lymphocytes depend upon BCR signaling, which is mediated in part by Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK)...
  66. ncbi Abrogation of murine lupus by the xid gene is associated with reduced responsiveness of B cells to T-cell-helper signals
    T M Fieser
    Cell Immunol 87:708-13. 1984
    Introduction of the xid genetic mutation into strains of mice (NZB, MRL/1, BXSB), which are normally susceptible to a lupus-like disorder, significantly delays the onset of disease and reduces the polyclonal B-cell activation ..
  67. ncbi CD38 cross-linking enhances TLR-induced B cell proliferation but decreases IgM plasma cell differentiation
    Nataly Manjarrez-Orduno
    Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
    Eur J Immunol 37:358-67. 2007
    ....
  68. ncbi Haploinsufficiency of B cell linker protein enhances B cell signaling defects in mice expressing a limiting dosage of Bruton's tyrosine kinase
    Lindsey R Whyburn
    Simmons Arthritis Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
    Int Immunol 15:383-92. 2003
    ..that formation of a signaling complex, or "signalosome", composed of Syk, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), phospholipase gamma2 and the adaptor protein B cell linker protein (BLNK) is critical for transmission of signals ..
  69. ncbi Lysine acetylation regulates Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cell activation
    Zhijian Liu
    Laboratory of B Cell and Autoantibody, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
    J Immunol 184:244-54. 2010
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is essential for BCR signal transduction and has diverse functions in B cells. Although Btk has been extensively studied, the role of lysine acetylation in Btk regulation has not been reported...
  70. ncbi The protein tyrosine kinase Tec regulates mast cell function
    Uwe Schmidt
    Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
    Eur J Immunol 39:3228-38. 2009
    ..Finally, a comparison of WT, Tec(-) (/) (-), Btk(-) (/) (-) and Tec(-) (/) (-)Btk(-) (/) (-) BMMC revealed a negative role for Btk in the regulation of IL-4 ..
  71. ncbi BCR targets cyclin D2 via Btk and the p85alpha subunit of PI3-K to induce cell cycle progression in primary mouse B cells
    Janet Glassford
    Cancer Research UK Labs and Section of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at Hammersmith Hospital, Londom, UK
    Oncogene 22:2248-59. 2003
    The p85alpha subunit of PI3-K and Btk are two crucial components of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling pathway...
  72. ncbi Interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase regulates mast cell degranulation and acute allergic responses
    Johan Forssell
    Transplantation Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
    Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 32:511-20. 2005
    Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is thought to positively regulate mast cell activation, implying a role in allergic responses...
  73. ncbi Analysis of marginal zone B cell development in the mouse with limited B cell diversity: role of the antigen receptor signals in the recruitment of B cells to the marginal zone
    Naoki Kanayama
    Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka, Okayama, Japan
    J Immunol 174:1438-45. 2005
    ..Taken together, it is suggested that polyreactivity (including self-reactivity) of BCR is crucial in driving B cells to differentiate into the MZ phenotype...
  74. ncbi The tec family tyrosine kinase Btk Regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast maturation
    Seoung Hoon Lee
    Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    J Biol Chem 283:11526-34. 2008
    A spontaneous mutation in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) induces a defect in B-cell development that results in the immunodeficiency diseases X-linked agammaglobulinemia in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice...
  75. ncbi Altered splenic B cell subset development in mice lacking phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha
    Amber C Donahue
    Center for Immunology and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
    Int Immunol 16:1789-98. 2004
    ..B cell development and activation that are grossly similar to those found in mice lacking Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and other critical signaling molecules...
  76. ncbi Identification of initiator B cells, a novel subset of activation-induced deaminase-dependent B-1-like cells that mediate initiation of contact sensitivity
    Steven M Kerfoot
    Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Immunol 181:1717-27. 2008
    ....
  77. ncbi Synergism between NF-kappa B1/p50 and Notch2 during the development of marginal zone B lymphocytes
    Stewart T Moran
    Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical Scool, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
    J Immunol 179:195-200. 2007
    ..These studies provide in vivo evidence for a genetic interaction between the Notch and NF-kappaB pathways...
  78. ncbi Regulation of dendritic cell maturation and function by Bruton's tyrosine kinase via IL-10 and Stat3
    Yuko Kawakami
    Divisions of Cell Biology and Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:153-8. 2006
    b>Btk plays crucial roles in the differentiation and activation of B and myeloid cells. Despite drastic reductions of other Ig isotypes, paradoxically high IgE responses have been known in btk mutant mice...
  79. ncbi Regulation of B-cell survival by BAFF-dependent PKCdelta-mediated nuclear signalling
    Ingrid Mecklenbrauker
    Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
    Nature 431:456-61. 2004
    ..Our data suggest the existence of a previously unknown BAFF-induced and PKCdelta-mediated nuclear signalling pathway which regulates B-cell survival...
  80. ncbi Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil-dependent protective immunity to larval Onchocerca volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae
    David Abraham
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
    Infect Immun 72:810-7. 2004
    ..Two mouse strains were used to study B-cell function; micro MT mice lacked all mature B cells, and Xid mice had deficiencies in the B-1 cell population...
  81. ncbi B cell receptor directs the activation of NFAT and NF-kappaB via distinct molecular mechanisms
    Pierre Antony
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 0146, USA
    Exp Cell Res 291:11-24. 2003
    ..Previously, we showed that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK)-deficient (btk-/-) B cells, which display a modestly reduced calcium response to BCR crosslinking, do not activate ..
  82. ncbi Tyrosine kinase Btk regulates E-selectin-mediated integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment by controlling phospholipase C (PLC) gamma2 and PI3Kgamma pathways
    Helena Mueller
    Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany
    Blood 115:3118-27. 2010
    ..The Tec family kinase Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is required for activating both pathways, generating inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), and ..
  83. ncbi Role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cell development
    A Maas
    Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Dev Immunol 8:171-81. 2001
    ..The gene defective in XLA encodes the cytoplasmic signaling molecule Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)...
  84. ncbi Large-scale comparative sequence analysis of the human and murine Bruton's tyrosine kinase loci reveals conserved regulatory domains
    J C Oeltjen
    Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Genome Res 7:315-29. 1997
    ..We compared 93 kb of human sequence to 89 kb of mouse sequence in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) region...
  85. ncbi CD38 ligation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Bruton tyrosine kinase and enhanced expression of interleukin 5-receptor alpha chain: synergistic effects with interleukin 5
    Y Kikuchi
    Department of Immunology, University of Tokyo, Japan
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:11814-8. 1995
    ..anti-mouse CD38 monoclonal antibody, induced proliferation, IgM secretion, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Bruton tyrosine kinase in B cells from wild-type mice...
  86. ncbi Role of x-linked immunodeficiency (xid) and NK activity in rejection of human tumor xenotransplants in nude mice
    K Maruo
    Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
    APMIS 101:345-52. 1993
    ..mice strains tested were classified as follows by expression of the beige gene and the x-linked immunodeficiency (xid) gene: 1) high NK nude (C57BL/6N, nu/nu), 2) low NK nude (C57BL/6 bg/bg nu/nu), 3) high NK nude with B-cell defect (..
  87. ncbi Production of anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of the T15 idiotype in CBA/N xid mice: investigation of the defect using a T15 immunoglobulin transgene
    P L Lim
    Clinical Immunology Unit, Chinese University of Hong Kong
    Mol Immunol 31:351-9. 1994
    A notable defect in CBA/N xid mice is their relative inability to make antibodies to phosphorylcholine (PC), particularly those of the T15 idiotype which predominate in the anti-PC responses of immunologically normal mice...
  88. ncbi Induction of phosphocholine-specific antibodies in X-linked immune deficient mice: in vivo protection against a Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge
    J J Kenny
    Biological Carcinogenesis Development Program, National Cancer Institute Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702 1201
    Int Immunol 6:561-8. 1994
    X-linked immune deficient (XID) mice are susceptible to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae because they fail to mount an immune response to the immunodominant phosphocholine (PC) epitope on the bacterial cell wall...
  89. ncbi Genomic organization of mouse and human Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) loci
    P Sideras
    Unit of Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Umea University, Sweden
    J Immunol 153:5607-17. 1994
    b>Btk is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) that has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice...
  90. ncbi The role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B-cell development and function in mice and man
    W N Khan
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 764:27-38. 1995
  91. ncbi Expression of an X-linked gene family (XLR) in late-stage B cells and its alteration by the xid mutation
    D I Cohen
    Nature 314:372-4. 1985
    One of the most extensively studied X-linked immunodeficiency disorder is the xid mutation of the mouse strain CBA/N...
  92. ncbi Restoration of in vitro responsiveness of xid B cells to TNP-Ficoll by 8-mercaptoguanosine
    A Ahmad
    J Immunol 136:1223-6. 1986
    ..that this immune adjuvant restores the immune responsiveness of B cells from mice with the x-linked immune defect (xid), which are nonresponsive to the type 2 antigen TNP-Ficoll...
  93. ncbi The NIH-3 immunodeficient mouse is a model for Lyme borreliosis myositis and carditis
    D L Defosse
    Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455
    Am J Pathol 141:3-10. 1992
    Experimental infection of immunodeficient NIH-3 (N:NIH-bg-nu-xid) mice with Borrelia burgdorferi was found to result in multisystem histopathologic lesions...
  94. ncbi Expression of Mls determinants in mice exhibiting the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation or X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) defect
    J L Roberts
    Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
    J Immunol 149:1577-82. 1992
    ..no detectable Ig+ B cells or TCR+ T cells, as well as animals that expressed the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) defect and lacked a subset of mature B cells...
  95. ncbi Lymphoblastic lymphoma in a colony of N:NIH(S)-bg-nu-xid mice
    K S Waggie
    Veterinary Resources Program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
    Lab Anim Sci 42:375-7. 1992
    During a 1-year period, 28 animals from a breeding colony of N:NIH(S)-bg-nu-xid mice were discovered to have rapidly enlarging subcutaneous swellings in the ventral, cervical, and axillary regions...
  96. ncbi Chromosomal mapping of five highly conserved murine homologues of the Drosophila RING finger gene seven-in-absentia
    A J Holloway
    Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Genomics 41:160-8. 1997
    ..By comparing the complexity of the Siah genes in these two mammalian species we have gained further insight into which members of this murine multigene family are likely to be functional...
  97. ncbi Characterization of the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk as an inositol polyphosphate and phosphoinositide binding domain
    T Kojima
    Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN, Ibaraki, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 236:333-9. 1997
    We previously reported that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) binds Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and that missense mutations in this domain which cause either human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or murine X-..
  98. ncbi The small muscle-specific protein Csl modifies cell shape and promotes myocyte fusion in an insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent manner
    S Palmer
    Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
    J Cell Biol 153:985-98. 2001
    ....
  99. ncbi Diagnostic immunoglobulin M expression by peripheral blood lymphocytes from tyrosine kinase Btk mutant BTKxid mice
    A W Hugin
    Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University of Geneva, Switzerland
    Comp Med 50:36-8. 2000
  100. ncbi Redundant and opposing functions of two tyrosine kinases, Btk and Lyn, in mast cell activation
    Y Kawakami
    Division of Allergy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
    J Immunol 165:1210-9. 2000
    ..observations on growth properties and FcepsilonRI-mediated signal transduction of primary cultured mast cells from Btk-, Lyn-, and Btk/Lyn-deficient mice. First, Lyn deficiency partially reversed the survival effect of Btk deficiency...
  101. ncbi Molecular cloning of the mouse APS as a member of the Lnk family adaptor proteins
    M Iseki
    Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 272:45-54. 2000
    ..These results suggest that APS is a member of the Lnk family adaptor protein and likely plays a role in signaling in B cells...

Research Grants61

  1. Mechanisms How Adipocytes Affect Bone in Aging Mice
    Fredric B Kraemer; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  2. Initiation of Contact and Asthmatic Hypersensitivity
    Philip Askenase; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  3. Anti-Sm B Cell Regulation
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In addition, we will test the hypothesis that the unusual pattern of CD 19 expression affects tolerance and activation. ..
  4. Anti-Sm B Cell Regulation
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..In addition, we will test the hypothesis that the unusual pattern of CD 19 expression affects tolerance and activation. ..
  5. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Function in Lymphocytes
    David Fruman; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..p85alpha-deficient mice exhibit B cell defects similar to those seen in mice lacking Btk, BLNK or PLCgamma2...
  6. PI3K Signaling in Single Lymphocytes Analyzed by LMS
    David Fruman; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Our second aim is to apply this technology to address the role of the PI3K regulatory isoform p85alpha in activation of different downstream signaling molecules. ..
  7. ROLE OF EOSINOPHILS IN IMMUNITY TO S STERCORALIS
    David Abraham; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..stercoralis and in addition we will determine the role of these cells in the transition from the innate to the adaptive immune response to this infection. ..
  8. B Cell Traffic in Type I Diabetes Mellitus
    PEGGY KENDALL; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These studies will identify the mechanims that mediate entry of B lymphocytes into a site of autoimmune attack and may identify novel targets of intervention in TIDM. ..
  9. B1B lymphocytes generate T cell-independent memory
    KISHORE ALUGUPALLI; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Understanding the basis for the longevity of the Tl protective responses conferred by B1b cells will provide novel approaches to generate effective vaccines against pathogens expressing Tl antigens. ..
  10. Anti-Sm B Cell Regulation
    Stephen H Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..In this proposal, we will determine how these B-lymphocytes are activated for the purpose of identifying mechanisms that can be therapeutically targeted in patients with these diseases. ..
  11. Mechanisms How Adipocytes Affect Bone in Aging Mice
    FREDRIC KRAEMER; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  12. B1B lymphocytes generate T cell-independent memory
    KISHORE ALUGUPALLI; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..Understanding the basis for the longevity of the Tl protective responses conferred by B1b cells will provide novel approaches to generate effective vaccines against pathogens expressing Tl antigens. ..
  13. Mechanisms How Adipocytes Affect Bone in Aging Mice
    FREDRIC KRAEMER; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  14. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY TRAINING GRANT
    Philip Askenase; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..In summary, the program offers unique and high quality superb training of outstanding candidates for future positions in academic medicine and pediatrics, and has been quite successful over more than 25 years of continuous funding. ..
  15. Role of arginine deficiency in pathogenesis of lupus
    Minoru Satoh; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..abstract_text> ..
  16. REGULATION OF HORMONE SENSITIVE LIPASE
    FREDRIC KRAEMER; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..The experiments outlined in this proposal will provide a comprehensive examination of the function and mechanisms of action of HSL in adipose tissue. ..
  17. Anti-Sm B-1 Cell Differentiation and Function
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..In the final aim, the fate of B cells that normally differentiate to B-l will be determined in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice using a Tg model system of B-l differentiation. ..
  18. Pre-BCR expression level regulates cellular functions
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..In the final aim whether the basis for the inability of 8/GO Tg mice to generate immature B cells is due to a pre-BCR or BCR deficiency will be determined. ..
  19. ANTISM B CELL REGULATION
    Stephen Clarke; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..He will induce central deletion of anti-Sm B-cells in MRL/lpr mice and determine whether this blocks the spontaneous development of the anti-Sm response. ..