Research Topics

Genomes and Genes

IL4

Summary

Gene Symbol: IL4
Description: interleukin 4
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq]
Alias: BCGF-1, BCGF1, BSF1, IL-4, MGC79402, B cell growth factor 1, B_cell stimulatory factor 1, lymphocyte stimulatory factor 1
Species: human
Products:     IL4 antibody    IL4 chemical    IL4 cDNA    IL4 ELISA    IL4 protein    IL4 siRNA    IL4 other

Webpages

  1. department of molecular, cellular & developmental biology
    www.mcdb.arizona.edu/facultyResearchDetail.cfm?netid=donata
  2. food science and human nutrition
    www.msu.edu/unit/fshn/faculty/gangurv.html
  3. jax mice database - 006698 nod.cg-il4<tm1lky>/jbsj
    jaxmice.jax.org/strain/006698.html
  4. medline publication: mutants of interleukin 13 with altered reactivity toward interleukin 13 receptors
    www.fred.psu.edu/ds/retrieve/fred/medlinepub/10514477
  5. type 1 diabetes targeted mutation mouse stocks - the jackson laboratory
    www.jax.org/t1dr/knockout.html
  6. professor paul j canfield - about the faculty - the university of sydney
    www.vetsci.usyd.edu.au/about/staff/pcanfield.shtml
  7. icapture centre
    www.mrl.ubc.ca/who/who_bios_andy_sandford.shtml
  8. interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 as targets for the inhibition of eosinophilic inflammation and allergic airways hyperreactivity
    memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/92sup2/3450.html
  9. icapture centre
    www.mrl.ubc.ca/who/who_bios_tony_bai.shtml
  10. cell proliferation and functional analysis - flow cytometry core facility
    www.icms.qmul.ac.uk/flowcytometry/uses/functionalanalysis/ce ...

Research Grants

  1. Biomarkers of survival in glioma epidemiology
    John K Wiencke; Fiscal Year: 2008
  2. Interleukin 4
    William Paul; Fiscal Year: 2006
  3. Genetic & epidemiologic cohort study of asthma & allergy
    Susan L Ewart; Fiscal Year: 2008
  4. Genetic & epidemiologic cohort study of asthma & allergy
    Susan L Ewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. Involvement of Natural Killer T cells in Hepatic Fibrogenesis
    Ian N Hines; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Involvement of Natural Killer T cells in Hepatic Fibrogenesis
    Ian N Hines; Fiscal Year: 2008
  7. Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Lymphocyte Function
    David H Margulies; Fiscal Year: 2006
  8. Mouse models for the functional analysis of asthma-associated human polymorphisms
    Donata Vercelli; Fiscal Year: 2008
  9. ENVIRONMENT AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES
    Mark Bix; Fiscal Year: 2004
  10. Core--Vector, Protein and Mechanistic
    Hugh Sampson; Fiscal Year: 2008

Publications

  1. Development of a recombinant interleukin-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin for therapy of glioblastoma
    R K Puri
    Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Toxicol Pathol 27:53-7
  2. Genetic association study for RSV bronchiolitis in infancy at the 5q31 cytokine cluster
    J T Forton
    The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
    Thorax 64:345-52
  3. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iranian patients
    Eskandar Kamali Sarvestani
    Depatrment of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Cytokine 35:159-65
  4. Heterogeneity of cytokine single-nucleotide polymorphisms among the Iranian and in the other East-South Asian populations
    M Bagheri
    Genetic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Uremia Medical Sciences University, Uremia, Iran
    Transfus Med 16:192-9
  5. Th1/Th2 cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    M Vasakova
    Department of Respiratory Diseases, 1 Medical School, Charles University, Faculty Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
    Tissue Antigens 67:229-32
  6. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 and IL-4 receptor genes modify risk for chronic inflammatory arthropathies in women
    V Suppiah
    Applied Genomics Research Group, McClay Research Centre, The Queen s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
    Exp Mol Pathol 81:239-44
  7. ALDH2 polymorphisms and bone mineral density in an elderly Japanese population
    J Yamaguchi
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai Cho, Showa Ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Aichi, Japan
    Osteoporos Int 17:908-13
  8. Protective effects of IL4-589T and RANTES-28G on HIV-1 disease progression in infected Thai females
    Nuanjun Wichukchinda
    National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
    AIDS 20:189-96
  9. Cytokine polymorphisms in the Th1/Th2 pathway and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    Qing Lan
    Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH DHHS, MSC 7240, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8109, Bethesda, MD 20892 7240, USA
    Blood 107:4101-8
  10. Polymorphisms in cytokine and cellular adhesion molecule genes and susceptibility to hematotoxicity among workers exposed to benzene
    Qing Lan
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 7240, USA
    Cancer Res 65:9574-81

Scientific Experts

Detail Information

Webpages17

  1. department of molecular, cellular & developmental biology
    www.mcdb.arizona.edu/facultyResearchDetail.cfm?netid=donata
  2. food science and human nutrition
    www.msu.edu/unit/fshn/faculty/gangurv.html
  3. jax mice database - 006698 nod.cg-il4<tm1lky>/jbsj
    jaxmice.jax.org/strain/006698.html
  4. medline publication: mutants of interleukin 13 with altered reactivity toward interleukin 13 receptors
    www.fred.psu.edu/ds/retrieve/fred/medlinepub/10514477
  5. type 1 diabetes targeted mutation mouse stocks - the jackson laboratory
    www.jax.org/t1dr/knockout.html
  6. professor paul j canfield - about the faculty - the university of sydney
    www.vetsci.usyd.edu.au/about/staff/pcanfield.shtml
  7. icapture centre
    www.mrl.ubc.ca/who/who_bios_andy_sandford.shtml
  8. interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 as targets for the inhibition of eosinophilic inflammation and allergic airways hyperreactivity
    memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/92sup2/3450.html
  9. icapture centre
    www.mrl.ubc.ca/who/who_bios_tony_bai.shtml
  10. cell proliferation and functional analysis - flow cytometry core facility
    www.icms.qmul.ac.uk/flowcytometry/uses/functionalanalysis/ce ...
  11. home : nature immunology
    www.nature.com/ni/index.html
  12. nk-cells (cytokines & cells encyclopedia - cope
    www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=NK%2dcells
  13. thiazoles
    buchta.lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:9889
  14. journal of clinical investigation -- oral tolerization to adenoviral antigens permits long-term gene expression using recombinant adenoviral vectors
    www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/99/5/1098

Research Grants76

  1. Biomarkers of survival in glioma epidemiology
    John K Wiencke; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..serum markers (sCD23 and sCD14), tumor markers (CD23 protein and IL13RA2 mRNA expression), and constitutive SNPs in IL4, IL13, IL4R, IL13RA1, and IL13RA2...
  2. Interleukin 4
    William Paul; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Laboratory scientists have also demonstrated that the transcription of the two alleles at the Il4 locus is governed stochastically and that the likelihood of transcription is associated with the degree of ..
  3. Genetic & epidemiologic cohort study of asthma & allergy
    Susan L Ewart; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..allergic asthma and other allergies, we will investigate candidate genes thought to mediate allergic inflammation, IL4, IL4R, IL13, IL1 and IL1RN, in DNA samples collected from our cohort of children...
  4. Genetic & epidemiologic cohort study of asthma & allergy
    Susan L Ewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..allergic asthma and other allergies, we will investigate candidate genes thought to mediate allergic inflammation, IL4, IL4R, IL13, IL1 and IL1RN, in DNA samples collected from our cohort of children...
  5. Involvement of Natural Killer T cells in Hepatic Fibrogenesis
    Ian N Hines; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..or interleukin (IL) 12 are associated with hepatitis and acute inflammation, expression of the Th2 type cytokines IL4, IL5, and IL13 drive fibrosis development...
  6. Involvement of Natural Killer T cells in Hepatic Fibrogenesis
    Ian N Hines; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..or interleukin (IL) 12 are associated with hepatitis and acute inflammation, expression of the Th2 type cytokines IL4, IL5, and IL13 drive fibrosis development...
  7. Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Lymphocyte Function
    David H Margulies; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..The Th2 disease is characterized by T cells producing IL4, IL5, and IL13 and leukocyte infiltrates in the gastric mucosa...
  8. Mouse models for the functional analysis of asthma-associated human polymorphisms
    Donata Vercelli; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..are marked by a profound dysregulation of Th2 responses and increased expression of the Th2 cytokines IL5, IL13 and IL4. Genetic variants in the Th2 cytokine locus are strongly associated with allergic inflammation, but their impact on ..
  9. ENVIRONMENT AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES
    Mark Bix; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Similar findings have been reported for IL-13, IL-5, IL-3 and GM-CSF which- together with IL4 - are clustered within a 500kb interval on mouse chromosome 11...
  10. Core--Vector, Protein and Mechanistic
    Hugh Sampson; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..form by ELISA) and either Th2 to Th1 conversion or the development of anergy (real time PCR for GATA-3, T-bet, IL4, IL10, IL5, IL13, IFN-g mRNA as well as protein measurements (by ELISA) in supernatants from stimulated (CPE, Ara ..
  11. Core--Vector, Protein and Mechanistic
    Hugh Sampson; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..form by ELISA) and either Th2 to Th1 conversion or the development of anergy (real time PCR for GATA-3, T-bet, IL4, IL10, IL5, IL13, IFN-g mRNA as well as protein measurements (by ELISA) in supernatants from stimulated (CPE, Ara ..
  12. Core--Vector, Protein and Mechanistic
    Hugh Sampson; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..form by ELISA) and either Th2 to Th1 conversion or the development of anergy (real time PCR for GATA-3, T-bet, IL4, IL10, IL5, IL13, IFN-g mRNA as well as protein measurements (by ELISA) in supernatants from stimulated (CPE, Ara ..
  13. STAT Regulation by Polycystin-1
    Thomas Weimbs; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Furthermore, MDCK cells respond to interleukin-4 (IL4) and IL13 similar to immune cells in that they activate STAT6, and up-regulate the expression if IL4/13 receptor ..
  14. Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Atherosclerosis
    William A Boisvert; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The objective of this proposal is to determine the participation of IL4 and IL10 signaling in the atherogenic process by examining their effects on inflammation, macrophage recruitment ..
  15. Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Atherosclerosis
    William A Boisvert; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..The objective of this proposal is to determine the participation of IL4 and IL10 signaling in the atherogenic process by examining their effects on inflammation, macrophage recruitment ..
  16. REGULATION OF IL4 PRODUCTION IN VIVO
    FRED DOUGLASS FINKELMAN; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..The results of these experiments will provide a better understanding of how IL-4 responses are regulated in vivo; this understanding will enhance the ability to control disorders that are regulated by IL-4...
  17. Mechanisms of virus-induced hyperreactivity in atopics
    David B Jacoby; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Regulation by TH2 cytokines IL4, IL5, and IL13 (expected to be important in the response to allergen sensitization) and by TNFa, and the ..
  18. Mechanisms of virus-induced hyperreactivity in atopics
    David B Jacoby; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Regulation by TH2 cytokines IL4, IL5, and IL13 (expected to be important in the response to allergen sensitization) and by TNFa, and the ..
  19. Targeted Toxin for Brain Cancer Gene Therapy
    Maria G Castro; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..To increase the safety, the vector will also encode the cDNA of a mutated IL-4, i.e., IL4.Y124D (muIL4), an antagonist of the IL13R/IL4R present in normal cells; which does not interact with IL13a2R ..
  20. Targeted Toxin for Brain Cancer Gene Therapy
    Maria G Castro; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..To increase the safety, the vector will also encode the cDNA of a mutated IL-4, i.e., IL4.Y124D (muIL4), an antagonist of the IL13R/IL4R present in normal cells; which does not interact with IL13a2R ..
  21. Molecular studies on the role of IL4 & IL13 in fibrosis
    Constantin A Bona; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..The effect of dominant-positive and dominant-negative constructs on collagen gene expression will be studied in the presence or absence of profibrogenic cytokines. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  22. Gene Regulation by IL-4 and IL-13 in Airway Cells
    June H Lee; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..by which IL-4 and IL-13 regulate differential transcriptional effects by systematically examining components of IL4 and IL-1 3 signaling pathways including receptors and signaling mediators...
  23. Molecular studies on the role of IL4 & IL13 in fibrosis
    Constantin A Bona; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The effect of dominant-positive and dominant-negative constructs on collagen gene expression will be studied in the presence or absence of profibrogenic cytokines...
  24. Characterization of Asthma Associated Polymorphisms
    Beverly H Koller; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that individual substitution polymorphisms in genes of the IL13/IL4 pathways associated with atopy and asthma in various human populations are causative, altering the function of the ..
  25. Genetics of epithelial genes in childhood asthma
    Gurjit K Khurana Hershey; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..and that the genetic contribution of these alleles is modified by gene:gene interactions with SNPs in IL13, IL4 or IL4RA, and/or by gene:environment interactions of pet or tobacco smoke exposure in the home...
  26. COCKROACH ALLERGEN EXPOSURE IN CHILDHOOD ASTHMA
    Sampson B Sarpong; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Cord blood will be analyzed for DNA, total IgE, lgA, Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon (IFN) gamma...
  27. Cytokine Polymorphisms and Cancer Related Pain
    Cielito C Reyes-Gibby; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..upon these compelling preliminary data by measuring plasma levels of key cytokines (IL-1a, IL-1a, IL1RN, IL-2, IL4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a) and correlating the select genotypes with cytokine levels to assess the association ..
  28. CYTOKINE RESPONSE IN FIV AND SIV IMMUNODEFICIENCY
    Gregg A Dean; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Second, to determine the significance of IL4, IL10, IL12, TNF-a and IFN-gamma in the immunopathogenesis of FIV. Third, to evaluate L...
  29. Diet, Activity, and Lifestyle as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer
    MARTHA OR MARTY L SLATTERY; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..and evaluate haplotypes in candidate genes in an inflammation-related pathway (IL6, IL8, IL10, NFKB, TNF-A, IL4, IL1, ILIRA and IFNG) and genes located at key junctions where other cellular signaling pathways converge which we ..
  30. Diet, Activity, and Lifestyle as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer
    MARTHA OR MARTY L SLATTERY; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..and evaluate haplotypes in candidate genes in an inflammation-related pathway (IL6, IL8, IL10, NFKB, TNF-A, IL4, IL1, ILIRA and IFNG) and genes located at key junctions where other cellular signaling pathways converge which we ..
  31. Interleukin-1: A Promoter of Slow Wave Sleep
    James M Krueger; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..We will determine their effects on other SRSs, negative feedback molecules (IL4 and IL10) and downstream effector molecules (nuclear factor kappa B and nitric oxide synthase)...
  32. Interleukin-1: A Promoter of Slow Wave Sleep
    JAMES MARTIN KRUEGER; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..We will determine their effects on other SRSs, negative feedback molecules (IL4 and IL10) and downstream effector molecules (nuclear factor kappa B and nitric oxide synthase)...
  33. Helminthic Protection from IBD
    Joel V Weinstock; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..Aim I will explore the hypothesis that helminths avert mucosal inflammation by enhancing IL10, TGFbeta, IL4, IL 13 and/or PgE2 regulatory circuits locally in the intestinal mucosa...
  34. Helminthic Protection from IBD
    Joel V Weinstock; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Aim I will explore the hypothesis that helminths avert mucosal inflammation by enhancing IL10, TGFbeta, IL4, IL 13 and/or PgE2 regulatory circuits locally in the intestinal mucosa...
  35. LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN BALB/C IL4 NEG AND IL4R NEG MICE
    NANCY N NOBEN-TRAUTH; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..major parasites and will offer alternative theories to the Th1/Th2 paradigm in general. These studies also will lead to new interpretations of the action of anti-IL-4 treatment in vivo...
  36. CDI and Gamma Delta+ in Viral Myocarditis
    Sally A Huber; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..Myocarditis resistance correlates to activation of Vgamma1+ and CD4+Th2 (IL4+) cells, and the absence of autoimmune CD8+alphabeta TCR+ effectors...
  37. DYNAMIC IMMUNE ASSESSMENT IN TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
    Charles G Orosz; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..anti- inflammatory (IL4, IL10, TGFb) cytokines...
  38. MECHANISMS OF ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE
    Charles G Orosz; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..general, we will use cytokine knock-out mice and anti-cytokine antibodies to dissect the roles of TGFbeta, IL10 and IL4 in the expression of alloprotective activity (linked DTH non-responsiveness and cardiac allograft acceptance)...
  39. Lung epithelium-derived IL-6 in CD4+ T cell immune resp*
    MERCEDES R RINCON; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Activation of NFAT and IL4 gene expression is responsible for IL-6-mediated Th2 differentiation, while upregulation of the suppressor of ..
  40. Control Of Mammalian Cell Proliferation
    Bruce H Howard; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..differentiation program that transforms monocytes into antigen-presenting dendritic cells (triggered in response to IL4 and GM-CSF) has revealed evidence of both developmental- and age-related change...
  41. Control of Immunoglobulin Isotype Expression by Cytokine
    Edward E Max; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..have detected DNA breaks in the switch region of the alpha locus which are dependent on incubating the cells with IL4, TGF-beta and CD40 Ligand, conditions that cause switching to this locus; these breaks likely represent ..
  42. IL-4 Signaling Pathway Regulation of Sjogren's Syndrome
    Ammon B Peck; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..H-2b.B/c-STAT6 knockout mouse line and compare this phenotype to NOD.B10.H-2b, NOD.B10.H-2b.lgp KO and NOD.B10.H-2b.IL4 KO mice, and (2) identify if the IL-4 dependent development of exocrine gland dysfunction is due to activation of ..
  43. EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE GRAVES' DISEASE
    Bellur S Prabhakar; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..the relevance of cytokines, and test the ability of the protein to induce disease in Class-I and II, IFNgamma, and IL4 knockout mice available on BALB/c background...
  44. Ex Vivo Culture And Characterization Of Dendritic Cells
    Elizabeth J Read; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..a full-scale GMP method for 5-day flask culture of autologous DCs in RPMI, autologous plasma or allogeneic serum, IL4 and GMCSF, starting with peripheral blood monocytes collected by apheresis and purified by elutriation...
  45. Prevention of airborne smallpox transmission
    Donald K Milton; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..S. against bioterrorist attack with smallpox, especially against an engineered virus containing an IL4 gene...
  46. INDUCTION OF IG C EPSILON & C GAMMA 1 BY IL4 & CD40L
    JANET M STAVNEZER; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..We will determine if it is the differential arrangement and/or different binding proteins at the b-Zip element which regulates their different responses to IL-4 and B cell activators...
  47. Preparation of Human Dendritic Cells for use in Clinical
    Roger Kurlander; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Transfusion Medicine (DTM) by incubating peripheral blood monocytes in vitro for 4 days with recombinant GM-CSF and IL4. The resulting immature DCs were then ?matured? by incubation overnight with recombinant human CD40L...
  48. IL-4 Potentiates T Cell Death in Autoimmune Arthritis
    Jian Zhang; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Specifically, they will determine whether (i) lack of IL4 results in a severely impaired Fas-mediated AICD of CD4+ T cells in IL-4deficient mice with PGIA; (ii) defective ..
  49. Control of Immunoglobulin Isotype Expression by Cytokine
    Edward E Max; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..We have studied CH12F3, a murine B cell line capable of switching in vitro from IgM to IgA when stimulated with IL4, TGF-beta and CD40 Ligand...
  50. CD4 Regulator T Cells Suppress Alloreactivity after BMT
    Bryon D Johnson; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..that suggest a role for FasL on the regulatory cells (but not Fas on the DLI cells) and implicate IL1O (but not IL4) and diminished IL2 secretion as mechanisms...
  51. INDUCIBLE IL4 GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN T AND MAST CELLS
    MELISSA ANN BROWN; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..3. To identify other sequences that influence transcription of IL-4 and/or IL-13 in both T and mast cells. 4. To examine the molecular basis of strain-specific differences in murine IL-4 gene expression...
  52. CANNABINOID RECEPTORS IN NEURONAL CELLS AND BRAIN
    Allyn C Howlett; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..previously supported by this grant demonstrated the G protein selectivity that CB, intracellular domains prefer (IL4 with G-alpha0 or G-alphai3, and IL3 with G-alphai1 or G-alphai2)...
  53. CANNABINOID RECEPTORS IN NEURONAL CELLS AND BRAIN
    Allyn C Howlett; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..previously supported by this grant demonstrated the G protein selectivity that CB, intracellular domains prefer (IL4 with G-alpha0 or G-alphai3, and IL3 with G-alphai1 or G-alphai2)...
  54. INHIBITION OF IL4 EXPRESSION IN CELLS RELEVANT TO ASTHMA
    Steve Georas; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Second, we will test the hypothesis that YY1 inhibits the IL-4 promoter in a sequence- specific manner. These studies should enhance our understanding of IL-4 gene expression...
  55. INHERITED CONTROL MECHANISIMS IN IG GENE EXPRESSION
    Elizabeth K Bikoff; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..chain dependency of class II molecules produced in different MHC backgrounds and to evaluate possible effect(s) of IL4/LPS stimulation on class II maturation...
  56. Role of BCL6 Mutation in Lymphomagenesis
    Riccardo Dalla-Favera; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..mutations i) affect CD40-mediated Bcl6 downregulation; ii) induce an increased sensitivity to STAT6-mediated IL4 signaling; 2) Role of Bcl6 mutation in lymphomagenesis; transgenic mice carrying NHL-derived mutant Bcl6 alleles ..
  57. Role of BCL6 Mutation in Lymphomagenesis
    Riccardo Dalla-Favera; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..mutations i) affect CD40-mediated Bcl6 downregulation; ii) induce an increased sensitivity to STAT6-mediated IL4 signaling; 2) Role of Bcl6 mutation in lymphomagenesis; transgenic mice carrying NHL-derived mutant Bcl6 alleles ..
  58. Increasing the Potency of Monocyte-derived DC Vaccines
    Anna Karolina Palucka; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..We also found that monocyte-derived IL4-DCs loaded with killed allogeneic melanoma cells induce clinical and immunological responses...
  59. Meningioma: Risk Factors and Quality of Life
    JOSEPH LEO WIEMELS; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..This study represents the first concentrated effort to examine environmental and genetic risk factors for meningioma...
  60. Individualized Interventions to Improve Asthma Adherence
    Andrea J Apter; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..We will estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of PS...
  61. BACKTRACKING TRANSLOCATIONS IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA
    JOSEPH LEO WIEMELS; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..We are ultimately working to elucidate the origin and causes of a cancer that might be preventable...
  62. ESTROGEN, DIET, GENETICS AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
    Sara H Olson; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..This study will provide data on genetic susceptibility in endometrial cancer in conjunction with established risk factors, as well as the first epidemiologic data on the more lethal serous and clear cell tumors...
  63. Individualized Interventions to Improve Asthma Adherence
    Andrea J Apter; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..We will estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of PS. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  64. INHALED STEROID ADHERENCE IN MODERATE & SEVERE ASTHMA
    Andrea J Apter; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Upon the foundation of my prior clinical experience and education, this training program is designed to equip me with the additional skills and research experience necessary to become a fully independent investigator...
  65. Healing Touch and Immunity in Advanced Cervical Cancer
    Susan K Lutgendorf; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ....
  66. Advanced Reproductive Age and Environmental Health
    Stephanie M Engel; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  67. Literacy and improving patient-clinician encounters for Asthma
    Andrea J Apter; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..others, and participating in relevant research working groups, I will create a team of expert collaborators in health and literacy, education, bioenqineerinq (directed at behavior measurement), and behavioral medicine (End of Abstract)..
  68. Meningioma: Risk Factors and Quality of Life
    JOSEPH LEO WIEMELS; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..This study represents the first concentrated effort to examine environmental and genetic risk factors for meningioma. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  69. Literacy and improving patient-clinician encounters for Asthma
    Andrea J Apter; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..create a team of expert collaborators in health and literacy, education, bioenqineerinq (directed at behavior measurement), and behavioral medicine (End of Abstract) Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  70. Healing Touch, Immunity, and Fatigue in Breast Cancer
    Susan K Lutgendorf; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ....
  71. Prenatal Smoking, Maternal & Fetal Genetic Variation & Risk of Preeclampsia
    Stephanie M Engel; Fiscal Year: 2008
    ..This information will provide a foundation for studying other adverse pregnancy outcomes with shared biological mechanisms. Public Health Relevance: This Public Health Relevance is not available...
  72. Biobehavioral-Cytokine Interactions in Ovarian Cancer
    Susan K Lutgendorf; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Findings will have implications for innovative behavioral and pharmacological intervention strategies for ovarian cancer patients...

Publications63

  1. Development of a recombinant interleukin-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin for therapy of glioblastoma
    R K Puri
    Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Toxicol Pathol 27:53-7
    ..To target IL-4R, we generated a chimeric fusion protein composed of IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE). This toxin is highly cytotoxic to IL-4R-bearing human brain cancer cells...
  2. Genetic association study for RSV bronchiolitis in infancy at the 5q31 cytokine cluster
    J T Forton
    The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
    Thorax 64:345-52
    ..RESULTS: SNP associations were found at IL4 and a highly significant risk haplotype was identified across IL13 CNS-1 and IL4 (odds ratio 1.69, p<0...
  3. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iranian patients
    Eskandar Kamali Sarvestani
    Depatrment of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    Cytokine 35:159-65
    ....
  4. Heterogeneity of cytokine single-nucleotide polymorphisms among the Iranian and in the other East-South Asian populations
    M Bagheri
    Genetic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Uremia Medical Sciences University, Uremia, Iran
    Transfus Med 16:192-9
    ..Heterogeneity of cytokine SNPs may explain the role of natural selection in susceptibilities of populations to different disorders...
  5. Th1/Th2 cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    M Vasakova
    Department of Respiratory Diseases, 1 Medical School, Charles University, Faculty Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
    Tissue Antigens 67:229-32
    ..0022; vs P < 0.0001, P(corr) < 0.0022). Our results support the idea of the pathogenic role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of IPF, with emphasize on the IL-4 promotor gene polymorphisms...
  6. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 and IL-4 receptor genes modify risk for chronic inflammatory arthropathies in women
    V Suppiah
    Applied Genomics Research Group, McClay Research Centre, The Queen s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
    Exp Mol Pathol 81:239-44
    ..013 and 0.002, respectively). This is the first demonstration of sex-specific association of the two foremost genes of the IL-4 signalling cascade with chronic inflammatory arthropathies...
  7. ALDH2 polymorphisms and bone mineral density in an elderly Japanese population
    J Yamaguchi
    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai Cho, Showa Ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Aichi, Japan
    Osteoporos Int 17:908-13
    ..31; 95% CI: 1.24-14.92; p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that active prophylactic interventions such as dietary, exercise, and pharmacological therapies should be offered to non-carriers of the Glu allele (Lys/Lys)...
  8. Protective effects of IL4-589T and RANTES-28G on HIV-1 disease progression in infected Thai females
    Nuanjun Wichukchinda
    National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
    AIDS 20:189-96
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of polymorphisms in interleukin-4 (IL4) and RANTES promoters on disease progression in HIV-1 infected Thais. DESIGN: Antiretroviral (ARV) drug-free HIV-1 infected females from the prospective cohort...
  9. Cytokine polymorphisms in the Th1/Th2 pathway and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    Qing Lan
    Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH DHHS, MSC 7240, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8109, Bethesda, MD 20892 7240, USA
    Blood 107:4101-8
    ..SNPs in critical genes, IL4, IL5, IL6, and IL10, were associated with risk for NHL and in some instances with a specific histologic subtype...
  10. Polymorphisms in cytokine and cellular adhesion molecule genes and susceptibility to hematotoxicity among workers exposed to benzene
    Qing Lan
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 7240, USA
    Cancer Res 65:9574-81
    ..041) and increased (P = 0.076) CFU-GEMM progenitor cell colony formation in 29 benzene-exposed workers. This is the first report to provide evidence that SNPs in genes that regulate hematopoiesis influence benzene-induced hematotoxicity...
  11. Association of non-HLA genes with type 1 diabetes autoimmunity
    Andrea K Steck
    Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Mail Stop A140, P O Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045 6511, USA
    Diabetes 54:2482-6
    ..Genes involved in the IL-4 regulatory pathway (IL-4, IL-4R, IL-13) may confer susceptibility or protection to type 1 diabetes depending on individual SNPs or specific haplotypes...
  12. Lack of association of genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 genes with risk of rheumatic heart disease in Taiwan Chinese
    Hsiang Tai Chou
    Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
    Int Heart J 46:397-406
    ..These findings suggest that the IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, IL-4, or IL-10 gene polymorphisms are not suitable genetic markers for RHD in Taiwan Chinese...
  13. IL-4 inhibits bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts by affecting NF-kappa B and Ca2+ signaling
    Latha S Mangashetti
    National Center for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Pune 411 007, India
    J Immunol 175:917-25
    ..Furthermore, IL-4 inhibits bone resorption and actin ring formation by human mature osteoclasts. Thus, we reveal that IL-4 acts directly on mature osteoclasts and inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting NF-kappaB and Ca(2+) signaling...
  14. Frequency of interleukin-4 (IL-4) -589 gene polymorphism and vaginal concentrations of IL-4, nitric oxide, and mannose-binding lectin in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    Oksana Babula
    Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 40:1258-62
    ..0001) and negative associations between this genotype and vaginal NO (P = .01) and MBL (P < .0001) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced vaginal levels of anticandidal factors in IL-4*T homozygotes may increase susceptibility to RVVC...
  15. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women
    Eskandar Kamali Sarvestani
    Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
    J Reprod Immunol 65:171-8
    ..51, 95% CI: 0.3-0.85; p<0.01). There was no significant association with other positions. It may be concluded that IL-10 polymorphism at position -592 could be a genetic factor for RPL...
  16. Genetic polymorphisms in anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling and the prevalence of gastric precancerous lesions in Venezuela
    Ikuko Kato
    Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
    Cancer Causes Control 17:1183-91
    ..e., IL10, IL4 and IL4R on the prevalence of gastric precancerous lesions and their interactions with other environmental factors...
  17. Relative levels of IL4 and IFN-gamma in complicated malaria: association with IL4 polymorphism and peripheral parasitemia
    Piyatida Tangteerawatana
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420 6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
    Acta Trop 101:258-65
    Functional IL4-590 C/T polymorphisms and the relative amounts of IL4 and IFN-gamma were investigated in relation to severity of malaria in 110 and 169 Thai patients with complicated and uncomplicated malaria, respectively...
  18. RANTES -28G delays and DC-SIGN - 139C enhances AIDS progression in HIV type 1-infected Japanese hemophiliacs
    Yusuke Koizumi
    Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920 8640, Japan
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:713-9
    ..These results suggest that RANTES -28G was associated with delayed AIDS progression, while DC-SIGN -139C was associated with accelerated AIDS progression in HIV-1-infected Japanese hemophiliacs...
  19. Organochlorine exposure, immune gene variation, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    Joanne S Colt
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 7240, USA
    Blood 113:1899-905
    ..Associations between all 3 exposures and NHL risk were limited to the same genotypes for IFNG (C-1615T) TT and IL4 (5'-UTR, Ex1-168C>T) CC...
  20. Detection of gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in children and adolescents with and without fixed orthodontic appliances
    Catherine Giannopoulou
    Department of Periodontology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
    Acta Odontol Scand 66:169-73
    ..001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that fixed orthodontic appliances result in an increase in the expression of IL-1beta and IL-8. This may reflect biologic activity in the periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement...
  21. Analysis of IL-10, IL-4 and TNF-alpha polymorphisms in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and its outcome
    Ketevan Pachkoria
    Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Departmento de Farmacología, Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 32, Campus de Teatinos s n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
    J Hepatol 49:107-14
    ..Low IL-10 producing haplotype is associated with low eosinophil count, absence of eosinophilia and may be associated with worse clinical outcome from DILI...
  22. Association of interleukin-4 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Rituraj Konwar
    Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
    Urology 71:868-72
    ..This study for the first time has demonstrated an association between the IL-4 polymorphism and BPH and particularly influences the therapeutic response of patients...
  23. Environmental tobacco smoke and interleukin 4 polymorphism (C-589T) gene: environment interaction increases risk of wheezing in African-American infants
    Andrew M Smith
    Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 0563, USA
    J Pediatr 152:709-15, 715.e1
    ..12-104.64, P = .04) in African-American infants. CONCLUSIONS: In African-American infants with a family history of atopy, the interaction of ETS and IL-4 C-589T demonstrated a 10-fold risk associated with wheezing without a cold...
  24. Gene expression polymorphisms of interleukins-1 beta, -4, -6, -8, -10, and tumor necrosis factors-alpha, -beta: regression analysis of their effect upon oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Eleftherios Vairaktaris
    Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462, Athens, Greece
    J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 134:821-32
    ..Based on these findings and previous reports, possible stoichiometrical interactions of cytokines leading to OSCC development are discussed...
  25. Association of combined IL-13/IL-4R signaling pathway gene polymorphism with Stevens-Johnson syndrome accompanied by ocular surface complications
    Mayumi Ueta
    Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Hirokoji, Kawaramachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, Japan
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:1809-13
    ..They also reveal that combined polymorphisms in the IL-13/IL-4R signaling pathway were associated with SJS/TEN with ocular surface complications...
  26. Sustained IL-1alpha, IL-4, and IL-6 elevations following correction of hyperglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    Jaime S Rosa
    Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
    Pediatr Diabetes 9:9-16
    ..Therefore, aside from glycemic control, additional therapeutic measures against elevated proinflammatory signals may be necessary for preventing vascular complications in children with hyperglycemic diabetes...
  27. TGF-beta1 and IL-4 downregulate human papillomavirus-16 oncogene expression but have differential effects on the malignant phenotype of cervical carcinoma cells
    Manuela Donalisio
    Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
    Virus Res 132:253-6
    ..These findings suggest that the two cytokines may play a role in the control of HPV infections, however, cervical carcinoma cells developed a partial or a total resistance to their inhibitory activity...
  28. Interleukin-4 induces specific pp-GalNAc-T expression and alterations in mucin O-glycosylation in colonic epithelial cells
    Akira Kanoh
    Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7 3 1 Hongo, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:577-84
    ..The results indicated that IL-4-treated LS174T cells are able to produce mucins with a higher degree of O-glycosylation than untreated counterparts...
  29. Complex regulation of S100A8 by IL-17, dexamethasone, IL-4 and IL-13 in HaCat cells (human keratinocyte cell line)
    Bingxue Bai
    J Dermatol Sci 47:259-62
  30. Opposing regulation of the tight junction protein claudin-2 by interferon-gamma and interleukin-4
    Douglas M Wisner
    Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Surg Res 144:1-7
    ..Incubation of T84 cells with IFNgamma leads to decreased claudin-2 and increased transepithelial resistance. These cytokines have opposite effects on the expression of claudin-2 and the physiology of the TJ...
  31. Interleukin 4, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 polymorphisms in children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
    Kang Hsi Wu
    Department of Paediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
    Br J Haematol 128:849-52
    ..01) of IL-10 (-627) between children with chronic ITP and controls. This finding suggests that the IL-4 intron 3 and IL-10 (-627) polymorphisms contribute to the susceptibility of developing childhood chronic ITP...
  32. Polymorphism of the interleukin-4, interleukin-13, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 genes in Indonesian children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
    Bishnu Acharya
    Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
    Am J Nephrol 25:30-5
    ..However, there was no difference between the MCNS group and the controls in the STAT6 gene polymorphism. CONCLUSION: The genetic variations in the IL-4 and IL-13 genes may be associated with predisposition to MCNS...
  33. Cysteinyl leukotrienes induce IL-4 release from cord blood-derived human eosinophils
    Christianne Bandeira Melo
    Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass 02215, USA
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 109:975-9
    ....
  34. Contribution of the interleukin 4 gene to susceptibility to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
    Takehiko Inoue
    Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3 1 1 Maidashi, Higashi ku, Fukuoka 812 8582, Japan
    Arch Neurol 59:822-7
    ....
  35. Interleukin (IL)-4 inhibits phorbol-ester induced HIV-1 expression in chronically infected U1 cells independently from the autocrine effect of endogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist
    Delia Goletti
    Italian National Institute of Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Roma, Italy
    Cytokine 17:28-35
    ..Thus, IL-4 may favour a state of microbiological quiescence in infected monocytic cells bypassing the induction of HIV expression mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines...
  36. Oligonucleotide fishing for STAT6: cross-talk between IL-4 and chemokines
    K W Eriksen
    Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Exp Clin Immunogenet 18:233-41
    ..In conclusion, our data show that oligonucleotide fishing is a supplementary tool for studying cytokine cross-talk at a genomic level...
  37. [Inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13)]
    S Maeda
    Clinical Research Center, National Sagamihara Hospital
    Nippon Rinsho 59:1894-9
    ..Strategies based on blocking key signaling cytokines are also discussed...
  38. Interleukin-4 and its alternatively spliced variant (IL-4delta2) in patients with atopic asthma
    G T Seah
    Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
    Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1016-8
    ..The relative expression of IL-4 and IL-4delta2 may be a reason for the functional diversity of Th2 cells in different clinical conditions, and a hitherto unexplored mechanism for the pulmonary pathology in patients with atopic asthma...
  39. No association of an interleukin 4 gene promoter polymorphism with Graves' disease in the United Kingdom
    J M Heward
    Division of Medical Science, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3861-3
    ..Our data support the hypothesis that the C-T promoter polymorphism of the interleukin 4 gene does not confer protection against the development of GD in Caucasians in the United Kingdom...
  40. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 gene and interleukin-4 receptor gene with Crohn's disease in a British population
    G P Aithal
    Centre for Liver Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
    Genes Immun 2:44-7
    ..005). Association with alleles resulting in high IL-4 transcription and enhanced signalling activity suggests that IL-4 may have a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease...
  41. Population-based studies reveal differences in the allelic frequencies of two functionally significant human interleukin-4 receptor polymorphisms in several ethnic groups
    M Caggana
    Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany 12201 0509, USA
    Genet Med 1:267-71
    ....
  42. The immunoglobulin superantigen-binding site of HIV-1 gp120 activates human basophils
    G Florio
    Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
    AIDS 14:931-8
    ..CONCLUSIONS: gp120 acts as a viral superantigen interacting with the VH3 domain of IgE to induce the release of preformed and de novo synthesized mediators from human cells carrying the Fc fragment Fc epsilonRI receptor...
  43. Complete nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal gene for human IL-4 and its expression
    N Arai
    Department of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304 1104
    J Immunol 142:274-82
    ..Combination of TPA/A23187 and p40x or E2 protein further augmented the level of expression...
  44. Experimental and theoretical studies of the three-dimensional structure of human interleukin-4
    B M Curtis
    Department of Protein Chemistry, Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101
    Proteins 11:111-9
    ..Lastly, energy minimization was used to regularize the chain...
  45. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection induces upregulation of interleukin-23 (p19) mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia of BALB/c mice
    Eeva K Broberg
    Department of Virology, the MediCity Research Laboratory, and the Turku Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku, FIN 20520 Turku, Finland
    J Interferon Cytokine Res 22:641-51
    ..This is, to our knowledge, the first report to show elevated expression of IL-23 (p19) mRNA (p < 0.05) during viral infection in TG of mice...
  46. CD40-mediated tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 signaling upregulates IL-4-induced germline Cepsilon transcription in a human B cell line
    Yuji Basaki
    Clinical Research Center, National Sagamihara Hospital, 18 1 Sakuradai, Sagamihara 228 8522, Japan
    Arch Biochem Biophys 405:199-204
    ..These results suggest that in DG75 cells, TRAF3-induced MEK1 activation may be involved in CD40-mediated upregulation of IL-4-driven germline C epsilon transcription...
  47. No evidence of association or interaction between the IL4RA, IL4, and IL13 genes in type 1 diabetes
    Lisa M Maier
    Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    Am J Hum Genet 76:517-21
    ..albeit only marginally significant, has recently been reported for the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 genes (IL4 and IL13) with the interleukin-4 receptor A gene (IL4RA), contributing to the susceptibility of type 1 diabetes (..
  48. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-18 and IFN-gamma cytokines pattern in patients with combined hepatitis C virus and Schistosoma mansoni infections
    I M El Kady
    Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Minufiya University, Sadat City, Egypt
    Scand J Immunol 61:87-91
    ..In conclusion, schistosomiasis may downregulate the stimulatory effect of HCV on Th1 cytokines and this may lead to the chronicity of HCV infection in coinfected patients...
  49. Interleukins-1, -4, -6, -10, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor-beta, FAS, and mannose-binding protein C gene polymorphisms in Australian women: Risk of preterm birth
    Margaret F Annells
    Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Women s and Children s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 191:2056-67
    ..1; P = .04), tumor necrosis factor ( TNF )+488A/-238G/-308G (multivariable odds ratio, 2.4; P = .04), and IL4 -509C/C (multivariable odds ratio, 3.4; P = .02), and the presence of MBL2 codon 54Asp (multivariable odds ratio, 2...
  50. A comprehensive evaluation of IL4 variants in ethnically diverse populations: association of total serum IgE levels and asthma in white subjects
    Monica J Basehore
    Center for Human Genomics, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
    J Allergy Clin Immunol 114:80-7
    BACKGROUND: The role of variation in the IL4 gene in asthma and allergy susceptibility is controversial...
  51. 'Interleukin-4 gene polymorphism and its relation to periodontal disease in a Brazilian population of African heritage'
    Carla Cruvinel Pontes
    Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    J Dent 32:241-6
    ..Chi square test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the studied IL-4 polymorphisms were not related to periodontal disease susceptibility in this African-American Brazilian population...
  52. Expression of IL-4, IL-8 and IL-18 messenger RNAs in maternal peripheral blood and relationships with the HbF-gamma chain mRNA in it
    Chikako Kato
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kawaramachi Hirokouji, Kamigyo ku, Kyoto, Japan
    Am J Reprod Immunol 51:71-80
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Immunological interactions between maternal peripheral immune cells and fetal cells appear to be related to the onset of labor...
  53. Influence of recipient and donor IL-1alpha, IL-4, and TNFalpha genotypes on the incidence of acute renal allograft rejection
    H Lee
    Department of Transplantation Immunology, St James s University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
    J Clin Pathol 57:101-3
    ..donors and recipients were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the three cytokine genes: IL1A -889, TNFA -308, and IL4 -590...
  54. Genomic analysis of Th1-Th2 cytokine genes in an AIDS cohort: identification of IL4 and IL10 haplotypes associated with the disease progression
    A Vasilescu
    Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
    Genes Immun 4:441-9
    ..the impact of these genes in the development of AIDS, we have performed an extensive genetic analysis of IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL12p35 and p40, IL13 and IFNgamma...
  55. Polymorphisms of interleukin-4 promoter and receptor gene for schizophrenia in the Korean population
    Tae Youn Jun
    Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
    Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 57:283-8
    ..In conclusion, these results suggest that the polymorphisms in IL-4 promoter gene -590 and IL-4 Ralpha gene 1902 are not involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in the Korean population...
  56. Haplotype diversity in the interleukin-4 gene is not associated with HIV-1 transmission and AIDS progression
    William S Modi
    Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702 1201, USA
    Immunogenetics 55:157-64
    ..Present analyses failed to identify any significant associations with HIV-1 infection or progression to AIDS...
  57. IL-4 down-regulates anaphylatoxin receptors in monocytes and dendritic cells and impairs anaphylatoxin-induced migration in vivo
    Afsaneh Soruri
    Department of Immunology, Georg August University Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
    J Immunol 170:3306-14
    ..p. injected C5a. Overall, these data suggest that inhibition of a rapid anaphylatoxin-induced mobilization of monocytes and DC to inflamed tissues represents an important anti-inflammatory activity of the Th2 cytokine IL-4...
  58. IL-4, but not IL-13, modulates TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine)/CCL17 and IP-10 (interferon-induced protein of 10kDA)/CXCL10 release by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in HaCaT cell line
    Takashi Kakinuma
    Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7 3 1 Hongo, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113 8655, Japan
    Cytokine 20:1-6
    ..These data strongly suggest that IL-4 may act not only as a mediator of Th1-type response but also as a down-regulator of Th2-type response in terms of the regulation of chemokine production by HaCaT cells...
  59. IL-4, IL-5, TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma mRNAs detected by a new in situ amplification system in cicatricial pemphigoid
    Marzia Caproni
    Department of Dermatological Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
    Exp Dermatol 11:421-7
    ....
  60. Secondary structure and topology of human interleukin 4 in solution
    C Redfield
    Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, England
    Biochemistry 30:11029-35
    ..The structural analysis gives support to the hypothesis that many helical cytokines have a common fold and provides a basis for understanding the biological function of IL-4...
  61. IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphism in chronic polyarthritis. The rare allele is associated with protection against destruction
    N Buchs
    Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK and Department of Medicine, Tufts University
    Rheumatology (Oxford) 39:1126-31
    ..CONCLUSION: This IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphism may be a protective factor for severe joint destruction in RA that could be used as a prognostic marker early in the course of the disease...