GJC1

..b>Cx45 interacts with the PDZ domains of ZO-1 and ZO-3, but not ZO-2, via a short C-terminal PDZ binding motif (SVWI)...

Connexin43 (Cx43) and Cx45 are co-expressed in a number of different tissues...

..With mRNA for connexins Cx36, Cx43 and Cx45 detected within ORN somata and Cx36 and Cx43 proteins reported in ORN somata and axons, abundant gap junctions were ..

..Phenylephrine led to enhanced Cx43 expression with a pEC50 8.00+/-0.06. The other cardiac connexins, Cx40 and Cx45, as well as GAPDH were not affected...

..The mRNA expression pattern of connexins (Cx26, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, Cx46 and Cx50) was analyzed by RT-PCR...

..that the expression levels of SK, IK, as well as vascular connexins, notably 37, 40 and 43 but, potentially, connexin 45, would show correlation with the contribution of EDHF to acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation as well as, in ..

..lymphocytes, but Cx40 mRNA expression was confined to tonsil-derived T and B lymphocytes; Cx26, Cx32, Cx37 and Cx45 were not detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...

..The possible mechanism by which cholesterol is removed from gap junction plaques is also investigated...

..connexin40 (Cx40) is expressed in the atria and in the conduction system [together with low levels of connexin45 (Cx45)]...

..particularly in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), where the two principal neuronal connexin proteins are Cx36 and Cx45. Currently undetermined are coupling relationships between these connexins and whether both are expressed together ..

..of gap junctions between detrusor smooth muscle cells in situ and the distribution of connexin (Cx)40, Cx43 and Cx45 expressions in bladder biopsies from a control group (with bladder tumour) and from patients with urge symptoms, as ..

..The present study was undertaken to explore the roles gap junctions play in lens epithelial cell differentiation...

..Presence of Cx40 and Cx45 in brains and astrocytes cultured from both Cx43 (-/-) mice and wildtype littermates was confirmed by RT-PCR, ..

..due in part to the poor development of the ventricular trabecular network, as well as specific downregulation of Cx45 gene expression...

..In the vascular system, gap junctions can be formed by four different connexins (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45)...

..They can be divided into two groups with respect to the timing of mRNA accumulation: Cx31, Cx43, and Cx45 mRNAs accumulate continuously from the two- or four-cell stage, whereas Cx30.3, Cx31...

..We outline the distribution of Cx36 as well as two other neuronal connexins (Cx57 and Cx45) in the nervous system, describing their spatial and temporal expression patterns...

Antibodies to the gap junction protein connexin45 (Cx45) were obtained by immunizing rabbits with fusion protein consisting of glutathione S-transferase and 138 carboxy-terminal amino acids of mouse Cx45...

..We also evaluated the hypothesis that the cleavage of the COOH-terminus of chick Cx50 (formerly Cx45.6) during fiber cell maturation would affect the gap junction remodeling.

..This suggests that other connexins, such as Cx45, which is expressed to a similar degree in hFOB/Cx43(-) cells and hFOB/pvc cells, contribute to cell-to-cell ..

..They may provide a mechanism for the formation of communication compartments in the developing myocardium...

..The anionic divalent dye Lucifer yellow (LY) remained permeant in Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 channels, but transfer through mCx30.2 channels was not detected...

..We demonstrate that there is diversity in the connexin genes expressed in mammalian oocytes, and hence in the gap junctions connecting oocytes and cumulus cells...

Gap junctions represent an important mode of intercellular communication. Connexin 45 (Cx45) is a member of the connexin family that forms gap junctions between adjacent cells...

..Herein, we analyzed Cx43, Cx45, Cx50, and Cx56 expression during chick retinal histogenesis...

..In the renal vasculature, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 are expressed, with predominant expression of Cx40 in the endothelial cells and Cx45 in the vascular smooth muscle ..

..Moreover, a direct interaction between Cx45.6 and the Major Intrinsic Protein/AQP0 in lens appears to influence the process of cell differentiation whereas ..

..for neuronal markers, we provide evidence that, among cerebral connexins (Cx26, Cx32, Cx36, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45 and Cx47), only Cx45 and Cx36 mRNAs are localized in neuronal cells in both developing and adult rat brain...

..The expression of the three major connexins (Cx43, Cx40 and Cx45) present in cardiac myocytes is known to be developmentally regulated but it is not clear how the patterns in the ..

..Other cardiac connexins may be altered as well. Because connexin45 (Cx45) has been shown to colocalize with Cx43, we determined whether the number, size, or distribution of Cx45 gap ..

..It is not known how these two signalling systems interact. Here, we examined the role of ECM components in regulating connexin expression and function in postnatal hippocampal progenitor cells...

..sections of the lens tissues showed that MIP(AQP0) consistently localized with gap junction plaques formed by Cx45.6 and Cx56 during the early stages of embryonic chick lens development...

..g., cx43, cx45 or cx40...

..The present study was undertaken to determine the distribution pattern of Cx36, Cx43, and Cx45 by immunofluorescence, as well as their gene expression levels by quantitative PCR during postnatal development of ..

..Three gap junction proteins, known as connexins, are expressed in the heart: Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. Each of these proteins forms channels with unique biophysical and electrophysiologic properties, as well as ..

..electrical synapses between AII amacrines and on-cone bipolar cells express Cx36 on the amacrine side and Cx36 or Cx45 on the bipolar side...

..Connexin 37 (Cx37), Cx40 and Cx43, whereas the underlying smooth muscle cells may express Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. Moreover, myoendothelial gap junctions have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of vascular tone...

..In retinal neurons, only connexin 36, connexin 45, connexin 50, and connexin 57 have been described so far...

..by Ni-NTA chromatography) to examine heteromeric mixing of Cx43 with other connexins (including Cx26, Cx37, Cx40, Cx45, and Cx56) in transfected cells...

..These results signify connexin isoform and expression level as important contributors to potential electrical interactions between unexcitable cells and myocytes in cardiac tissue...

..using tissues) and 16 connexins from the Chinese hamster cell line V79, were fully (Cx30, Cx31, Cx37, Cx43 and Cx45) or partially sequenced...

..Cx40 is the primary, or most abundant, gap junction protein in atria although Cx43 is also abundantly expressed. Cx45 is also expressed in atria, although at low levels...

..Two gap junctional proteins, connexin36 (Cx36) and connexin45 (Cx45), appear to play a pivotal role in this pathway because lack of either protein leads to an impairment of visual ..

..and immunohistochemistry, we found that among the family of gap junction proteins, Cx26, Cx36, Cx37, Cx43, and Cx45 were expressed in the developing cortex of mice, Cx30 and Cx32 were absent, while Cx40 was expressed at a very low ..

..show that mRNA and proteins of connexin40 and connexin43 are expressed in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, while Cx45 is not detected...

..We show here that Cx45.6 and Cx56, the chick orthologs of mammalian Cx50 and Cx46, behave similarly in DCDMLs...

..4, an orthologue of mammalian and avian Cx45, and the electrophysiological properties of junctional channels formed by this protein...

..Cxs tested, expression of Cx36 mRNA and protein was found in microglial cultures prepared from human and mouse, and Cx45 mRNA was found in mouse microglial cultures...

..The amount of Cx43, Cx45, and Cx40 in gap junctions was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy...

..Cx40 were demonstrated to be functionally expressed in mouse and human endothelial cells and Cx40, Cx43 as well as Cx45 in cardiomyocytes of both species...

..5 minutes of OGD decreased the junctional conductance (Gj) of Cx43, Cx40 and Cx45 by 53±3%, 64±1% and 85±2% respectively...

..Thus, overexpression of Cx45 by retroviral injections increased the proliferation of Mash-1-positive transit-amplifying precursor cells in the ..

..The major Cx reported in the heart is Cx43, although some Cx40 and Cx45 are also present. There is some evidence for altered Cx content in heart failure...

..distributed in different cell types, is the main gap junction protein expressed in human bone cells, although Cx45 and Cx46 have been reported to be expressed as well...

..Four main connexins are expressed in the cardiovascular system: Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. Their expression pattern is not uniform and depends on intrinsic and environmental factors...

..The P(γ) of Cx36 for AFl-350 is approximately 358, 138, 23 and four times smaller than the P(γ)s of Cx43, Cx40, Cx45, and Cx57, respectively. In contrast, it is 6.5-fold higher than the P(γ) of mCx30...

..In conclusion, our study support the notion that pacemaking cells originate from Nkx2.5(+) CPCs present in embryonic heart tubes and endothelin-1 might be involved in diversification of cardiomyogenic progenitors toward the cells...

..Spatial heterogeneity in connexin (Cx) expression has been implicated in arrhythmogenesis...

..contain six connexin transcripts, including one that codes for alpha 6 connexin, a protein also referred to as Cx45. This transcript was also identified in isolated pancreatic islets, in FACS-purified suspensions of primary beta ..

..Simply based on the docking energy, we extracted 70 compounds (GJC1-GJC70) and examined their anti-cancer activity using the MTT assay of the human colon cancer cells, HCT116...

..Cx), of which three main isoforms are found in the conductive and working myocardial cells: Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. These isoforms are regionally expressed in the heart, which suggests a specific role or function of a specific ..

..However, the role of Cx43 downregulation per se in impaired coupling in HF is unclear...

....

..21 isoforms of connexins are presently known, cardiomyocytes typically are coupled by Cx43 (most abundant), Cx40 or Cx45. Some years ago, antiarrhythmic peptides were discovered and synthesised, which were shown to increase macroscopic ..

..In transgenic mice with Cx40 replaced by Cx45, steady-state autoregulation and TGF were weaker than those in wild-type mice but stronger than those in Cx40-ko ..

..Four connexins are expressed in the vascular wall: Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. Their expression is not uniform in all blood vessels and varies with vascular territory and species...

..To detect the expression pattern of connexins in epithelial cells of the central cornea and limbus of the macaque...

..Cx36 and Cx45 immunoreactive signals were found in the inner and outer plexiform layer, both of which are known to show ..

..Three different connexines were documented in the cardiac myocytes: Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. The labeling by number represents the rounded, molecular mass of the amino acid sequences given in kD...

....

In the human heart, ventricular myocytes express connexin 43 (Cx43) and traces of Cx45. In congestive heart failure, Cx43 levels decrease, Cx45 levels increase and gap junction size decreases...

..We have previously identified an in vivo phosphorylation site, Ser(364), at the COOH terminus of lens connexin (Cx) Cx45.6 and phosphorylation appears to regulate connexin protein turnover...

..Both connexin36 (Cx36) and connexin45 (Cx45) subunits are widely distributed in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and therefore are likely contribute to gap ..

..Products of several Cx genes have been identified in the mammalian heart (eg, Cx45, Cx43, Cx40, and Cx37), and their expression was shown to be regulated during the development of the myocardium...

..Northern blot analysis identified transcripts of connexin40 (Cx40), connexin43 (Cx43), and connexin45 (Cx45) genes in all hearts analyzed...

We have previously shown that the gap junction protein γ 1 (GJC1) gene, encoding the connexin-45 protein, is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer...

..GLP1R), BTG4, homer homolog 2 (HOMER2), zinc finger protein 583 (ZNF583), and gap junction protein, gamma 1 (GJC1)...

..2, Cx36, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, Cx46, Cx47 and Cx50 by reagents representing several distinct groups of uncouplers, such as long carbon chain ..

..astrocytic GJ coupling in the hippocampus after seizures due to the colabeling of GJ subunit connexin 43 and connexin 45 with glial marker and was increased substantially by the administration of diazoxide...

..b>Cx45 is another gap junction protein, coded by the GJA7 gene...

In the mouse retina, connexin45 (Cx45) participates in the gap junction between ON cone bipolar cells and AII amacrine cells, which constitutes an essential element of the primary rod pathway...

..Modest to high level of Cx45 expression was detected in MOBs of both genotypes...

..For this purpose, polyclonal antibodies to Cx31 and Cx45 were raised by immunizing rabbits with fusion proteins of glutathione S-transferase and carboxy-terminal peptides ..

..and genomic cloning to isolate DNA encoding the gap junction proteins human connexin40 (Cx40) and connexin45 (Cx45)...

..These gap junctions are formed by cell-specific expression patterns of the vascular connexins Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. In order to obtain a first indication if gap junctions might play a similar important functional role in the ..

..This reduction in dye coupling is attributable to an inhibition of gap junction assembly. Connexin 45.6, 43, and 56-containing gap junctions are restored, and intercellular dye coupling is increased, if the ..

..that induction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 leads to connexin 40, connexin 43, connexin 45 expression changes contributing to decreased cardiac performance and disturbed atrioventricular conduction.

..In the cardiac-specific CAR-KO (CAR-cKO) mouse, we observed the loss of connexin 45 localization to the cell-cell junctions of the AV node but preservation of connexin 40 and 43 in contracting ..

..b>Cx45 is essential to coordinate the synchronization of contractile activities of embryonic cardiomyocytes and for the ..

..Thus, the expression of Cx45 and Cx43 is upregulated during skeletal muscle regeneration and Cx43 is required for normal myogenesis in vitro and ..

..that these mutants have dominant-negative effects on other connexins expressed by oligodendrocytes, specifically Cx45. We expressed these and other Cx32 mutants in communication-incompetent as well as Cx45-expressing HeLa cells, and ..

..properties of heterotypic gap junction (GJ) channels assembled between cells expressing wild-type Cx40, Cx43, or Cx45 and their fusion forms tagged with color variants of green fluorescent protein...

..Our reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies demonstrate that Cx30, Cx36, Cx37, Cx40, Cx45, Cx46, and Cx50 are expressed in the kidney...

..Transcripts for Cx43, Cx45, and Cx36 were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR in freshly isolated pancreatic islets, whereas only a ..

..Cx43, Cx40, and Cx45 are synthesized in the cardiomyocytes, and each of them has a unique cardiac expression pattern...

..To evaluate the mRNA levels of connexins in different sizes of luteinized follicles...

..four are expressed in developing heart: connexin37 (Cx37), connexin40 (Cx40), connexin43 (Cx43), and connexin45 (Cx45)...

..Furthermore, AS-treated cells highly expressed CX45, whereas S-treated cells exhibited high expression of CX32...

..development: Cx26 in transplacental uptake of glucose, Cx31 in the proliferative process of trophoblastic cells and Cx45 in placental vascularisation...

..within the sinoatrial node decreased with age; however, the expression of other cardiac connexins, Cx40 and Cx45, did not differ with age...

..twenty identified mammalian connexin genes, only four connexins, connexin40 (Cx40), connexin43 (Cx43), connexin45 (Cx45), and connexin 31.9 (Cx31.9), are expressed in the heart...

..This aim will be accomplished using in situ hybridization to detect transcripts for Cx26, Cx32, Cx36, Cx45, Cx47, and Cx59 in PBC neurons in tissue from mice from embryonic day 12 through postnatal day 21...

..In specific aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that S1 amacrine cells use Cx45. In addition, we will test the hypothesis that Cx36/Cx45 pairs form heterotypic gap junctions between All amacrine ..

..In specific aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that S1 amacrine cells use Cx45. In addition, we will test the hypothesis that Cx36/Cx45 pairs form heterotypic gap junctions between All amacrine ..

..Using RT-PCR, we have found Cx45 and Cx57 to be prominently expressed in mouse retina...

..The objective of this application is to understand the mechanistic roles of Cx45.6 in cell differentiation, and in lens growth and development. The central hypothesis is that Cx45...

..and minus/minus mice does not cause changes in myocardial tissue structure or in the overall tissue content of Cx45 and Cx40 (to be tested in Specific Aim 1); 2) Cx43 functions as the predominant intercellular low resistance ..

..functional gap junctions, formed primarily by the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), and also by connexin45 (Cx45) [new gene designations: Gja1 and G/a7, respectively]...

..functional gap junctions, formed primarily by the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), and also by connexin45 (Cx45) [new gene designations: Gja1 and G/a7, respectively]...

..functional gap junctions, formed primarily by the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), and also by connexin45 (Cx45) [new gene designations: Gja1 and G/a7, respectively]...

..One of these, connexin43 (Cx43) mediates "chemical" or "dye" coupling between osteoblasts. The other, connexin45 (Cx45), forms functional gap functions of different molecular permeabilities than those formed by Cx43...

..mature olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) express gap junction protein subunits connexin 36, connexin 43, and connexin 45. Since ORNs display high input resistance, opening of a single ion channel can elicit action potential ..

..studies have established that neurons express Cx36, astrocytes Cx43 and Cx30 and oligodendrocytes Cx32, Cx45 and Cx47. A new GJ gene, Cx30.2 also appears to be expressed in neurons...

..Goals will be to see if Cx46 and Cx50 (or Cx56 and Cx45.6, the chicken counterparts) can form heteromeric channels with novel functional properties...

..Gap junction channels can be composed of any of ~20 known connexin (Cx) proteins;however, only Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 are expressed in the vasculature...

..junction channels can be composed of any of ~20 known connexin (Cx) proteins; however, only Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 are expressed in the vasculature...

..pores called gap junctions, and express three different gap junction proteins: connexin43 (Cx43), connexin45 (Cx45) and connexin46 (Cx46)...

..We will furthermore use stably transfected ES cell lines that are either deficient for the expression of Cx43 or Cx45 or overexpress Cx45.

..We will furthermore use stably transfected ES cell lines that are either deficient for the expression of Cx43 or Cx45 or overexpress Cx45.

..We will furthermore use stably transfected ES cell lines that are either deficient for the expression of Cx43 or Cx45 or overexpress Cx45.

..We will furthermore use stably transfected ES cell lines that are either deficient for the expression of Cx43 or Cx45 or overexpress Cx45.

..Aim 3 will identify the mechanism and importance of Cx45/ATP-mediated inhibition of renin release using multi-photon imaging...

..extensively studied Cx43 (which is abundant in ventricular myocardium) and the more recently identified Cx40 and Cx45 (which exhibit unique patterns of expression within cardiac tissues and form gap junction channels with distinct ..

..The major connexin in working myocardium is Cx43, but Cx37, Cx40, and Cx45 are also found in various cardiovascular cells...

..4) Determine if overexpression of connexin protein (Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) and SDF-1 (stem cell homing factor) can significantly enhance SKMB and MSC cell therapy for SCD associated with Ml...

..4) Determine if overexpression of connexin protein (Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) and SDF-1 (stem cell homing factor) can significantly enhance SKMB and MSC cell therapy for SCD associated with Ml...

..4) Determine if overexpression of connexin protein (Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) and SDF-1 (stem cell homing factor) can significantly enhance SKMB and MSC cell therapy for SCD associated with Ml...

..We have obtained exciting new evidence of dramatic, focal increases in Cx45 expression in human hearts from patients with end-stage heart failure who are at high risk for developing malignant ..

..3) A systematic study of the retina has revealed that two other connexins, Cx45 and Cx57 are also expressed by retinal neurons...

..3) A systematic study of the retina has revealed that two other connexins, Cx45 and Cx57 are also expressed by retinal neurons...

..To gain insight into the mechanism(s), we will determine whether other Cx proteins expressed in the vasculature (Cx45, Cx40, Cx37), which exhibit distinct selectivity and regulatory properties, are capable of supporting these ..