CRHR2

..increases CRH mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and CRH receptor type 2 (CRHR2) expression in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus...

..We demonstrate that mice lacking the CRF receptor CRFR2 exhibit a significantly lower auditory threshold than wild type mice, but this gain of function comes at the price ..

..nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and involvement of the subtype 2 of corticotropin releasing factor receptors (CRFR2)...

..To validate this statement, we made a CRF receptor 2beta-overexpressing MN9D/CRFR2 beta stable cell line...

Urocortin (UCN) functions via corticotrophin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs), CRFR1 & 2. CRFR2 is reported to be a tonic suppressor of vascularization, implying its role in tumor angiogenesis...

..Ucn binds and activates corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 (CRFR1) and 2 (CRFR2)...

..This widespread expression of the CRH system in gestational tissue suggests a paracrine role for CRH in the birth process (e.g. effects on macrophages and endothelial cells)...

..The inhibitory effect of the CRF-binding protein on human urocortin can be blocked by biologically inactive CRF fragments, such as CRF(9-33)...

..Paracrine effects exerted by locally expressed endogenous ligands, such as Ucn I, support a significant role of the peripheral CRF system in gastric physiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 905-911, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..In amygdala, CRHr1 and r2 mRNAs were decreased. CRHr2 mRNA was also decreased in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, whereas an increase was detected in the ..

..II (UcnII) is a neuropeptide that binds with high affinity to the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) in peripheral tissues...

..PCR (RT-PCR) studies demonstrated that alpha T3-1 cells express mRNA for the two CRH receptor subtypes, CRHR1 and CRHR2, with CRHR2alpha as the predominant CRHR2 isoform...

..G-protein-coupled receptors have been identified that bind CRH and/or urocortin I and II, designated CRHR1 and CRHR2, both of which are present in hippocampal regions of mammalian brain...

Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors (CRFR2) within the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a key glucose-sensing region, play a major role in regulating the hormonal counterregulatory responses (CRRs) to acute hypoglycemia...

The actions of individual corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor (CRHR1 and CRHR2) were studied on the hyperthermia caused by urocortin 1, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 in rats...

..factor (CRF) family of peptides are mediated through activation of two receptors, CRF receptor (CRFR) 1 and CRFR2. Based on the homology between known mammalian CRFR genes, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the mouse CRFR2alpha (..

..001). The CRFR2 selective antagonist astressin2-B and an ERK1/2-p42, 44 inhibitor abolish the cardioprotective actions of Ucn-II ..

..Two distinct CRF receptor subtypes, CRFR1 and CRFR2, are thought to mediate CRF actions in the CNS...

..Two biochemically and pharmacologically distinct CRF receptor subtypes (CRFR1 and CRFR2) have been described...

..KEY RESULTS No intra-strain differences were observed in the numbers of colonic CRFR1 and CRFR2 positive cells...

..investigated the expression profile of CRF receptors in rat cerebellum and identified a novel functional role of CRFR2 in modulating Purkinje neuron P-type Ca(2+) currents (P-currents)...

..is able to bind to two types of G-protein coupled receptors: CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) and CRF receptor type 2 (CRFR2), whereas, two homologues of UCN, stresscopin (SCP) or also known as urocortin III (UCNIII) and stresscopin ..

..factor (CRF) family signal through the activation of two receptors, CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) and type 2 (CRFR2), both of which exist as multiple splice variants...

..responses and is mediated through two subtypes of receptors, CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) and CRF receptor type 2 (CRFR2)...

..of UCN are mediated via stimulation of CRF-receptors 1 and 2 (CRFR1 and 2, CRFR's) with a high affinity for CRFR2. It has been shown that the CRF-related peptides and CRFR's are involved in the regulation of stress-related ..

..This effect was reversed by the CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) antagonist antalarmin but not by the CRHR2 antagonist astressin-2B, suggesting that CRHR1 mediated the inhibitory effect of CRH...

..To dissect the involvement of CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) and CRHR2, we used conditional knockout mice in which Crhr1 is inactivated in the anterior forebrain and limbic structures...

..Ucn 3 activates the CRF type-2 receptor (CRFR2) but does not activate the type-1 receptor (CRFR1), which was recently demonstrated on β-cells...

..Additionally, mRNA expression of AVP and CRH receptors (V1aR, V1bR, CRHR1, and CRHR2) was also measured and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) immunoreactivity was surveyed by IHC to add to data ..

..and cardiovascular function by activating either of two related class B G protein-coupled receptors, CRFR1 and CRFR2. CRF and Ucn1 activate both receptors, whereas Ucn2 and Ucn3 are CRFR2-selective...

..blockade of CB(1) receptors by rimonabant in mice deficient for the CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1(-/-)) or type 2 (CRHR2(-/-)), and in respective wild-type littermates, resulted in a sustained fear response in all genotypes...

To observe the role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (CRFR2ASO) of hypothalamus in hypermetabolism in rats with severe burn.

..a large population of immune cells that infiltrated the lamina propria and submucosa of the distal colon, whereas CRFR2-IR was detected in only a small fraction of infiltrated immune cells...

..to stress and anxiety-like behavior, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the type 2 receptor for CRH (Crhr2), and Ucn 3. Moreover, transfection and EMSAs support a direct role of SF-1 in Crhr2 regulation...

..of the present study was to investigate the potential role of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 2 (CRFR2) in autonomic regulation of heart rate and heart rate variability under physiological conditions in conscious mice...

..factor receptor type 1 (CRHR1) expression but decreased corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 (CRHR2) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), enhanced CRHR1 mRNA and CRHR2 mRNA expression in the ..

..Our recent data has described a novel role of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2 (CRFR2) as a tonic inhibitor of neovascularization...

..A major determinate of these responses is corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Receptors for CRF, CRFR1 and CRFR2, have been hypothesized to play distinct roles in the alterations necessary for homeostatic maintenance...

..Our findings are as follows: (1) In highly purified KCs the transcripts of UCN, of its receptors CRHR1, CRHR2 and that of the pseudoreceptor CRH-binding protein (CRHBP) were present while that of CRH was not detectable...

We demonstrate that multiple promoters and alternate splicing regulate expression of the human CRH receptor type 2 (CRHR2) gene...

..Our aim was to investigate the influence of genetic variants in CRHR1, CRHR2, CRH-BP and FKBP5 genes on both the vulnerability for depression and the response to antidepressant treatment.

..Nr3c1), mineralocorticoid receptor (Nr3c2), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor types 1 and 2 (Crhr1, Crhr2), interleukin-12 (Il12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf alpha), and estrogen receptors type-1 (Esr1) and type-2 (..

..MS rats infused with 3 nmol antisauvagine-30, a CRFR2 antagonist, did not lose weight in the 48 h after MS, but 0.3 nmol did not prevent weight loss in MS rats...

..Third-ventricle administration of a CRFR2 antagonist, antisauvagine 30, had no effect in RRS rats but caused sustained weight loss in control animals...

..effects of urocortin 2 on VGCC currents or [Ca(2+)](i) were not affected by astressin 2B, an antagonist of CRFR2. As calcium overload play a key role in some neuronal degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's ..

..A centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor (CRFR2) antagonist blocked PFOS-induced anorexia. These findings indicate that PFOS and PFOA influence feeding behavior...

..by means of RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses, we could provide first evidence that both CRHR1 and CRHR2 are expressed in the mouse pituitary and adrenal cortex...

..pigs revealed that CRF receptor 1 (CRFr1) activation mediates barrier dysfunction and hypersecretion, whereas CRFr2 activation may be responsible for novel protective properties in the porcine intestine in response to early life ..

..In the overlapping (human/mouse) genomic region, the CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2) gene was tested in a human case-control study...

..However, a consistent logic interaction between the different CRH system components and the aging process has, to our knowledge, never been examined before...

..also been intensively scrutinized following the cloning and identification of its receptor, CRF receptor type 2 (CRFR2), in peripheral tissues including the heart...

..factor (CRF) family that display varying affinities to the CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1 (CRHR1)) and 2 (CRFR2 (CRHR2))...

..In the present study, we determined the effects of CRHR1 and CRHR2 on CRMP3 expression in cultured hippocampal neurons...

..of learning and anxiety by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) through CRF receptor subtypes 1 (CRFR1) and 2 (CRFR2) is demonstrated. As learning paradigm, context- and tone-dependent fear conditioning of the mouse was used...

..Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 (CRFR2) has been implicated in mediating stress coping mechanisms...

Corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 2β (CRFR2β) is expressed in the myocardium...

..dopamine receptors (D2), the G protein beta 3 subunit, the corticotropin releasing hormone receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2), the glucocorticoid receptors, the c-AMP response-element binding, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor...

..6). In conclusion, the investigated polymorphism does not increase the risk for preterm birth overall but might modulate the length of pregnancy in a dose dependent fashion in a series of Caucasian women...

..Agonist stimulation of CRFR1 and CRFR2 gave rise to similar concentration-response curves for cAMP accumulation, but CRFR2 underwent restricted collision ..

..We tested the effect of RRS in mice deficient in corticotropin releasing factor receptor one (CRFR1-KO) or two (CRFR2-KO). Wild type (WT) and CRFR2-KO, but not CRFR1-KO, mice lost weight during RRS...

..together with changes in the gene expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), its receptors, CRHR1 and CRHR2, as well as CRH binding protein (CRH-BP) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and amygdala of their male and ..

..of the central stress response through the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 (CRFR2)...

..proliferation, and relaxation of smooth muscle tone in different organs through activation of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2). However, CRFR2 expression in human benign prostatic tissue remains unknown...

Intracerebroventricular injection of CRF or urocortin (Ucn) reduces appetite and body weight. CRFR1 and CRFR2, the receptors for CRF and Ucn, are expressed in neurons associated with appetite-control and metabolism, but their relative ..

..51G>A, POMC c.293_298del, MC2R c.306T>G, NR3C1 c.*2122A>G, AVP c.207A>G, AVPR1B c.1084A>G, UCN g.1329T>C, CRHR2 c...

..In endothelial cells urocortin II has recently been found to activate nitric oxide synthase through cAMP-dependent and Ca(2+)-related pathway...

..6+/-4.4% vs. NS: 43.8+/-6.8%, p<0.001) and CRFR2 (MS: 65.9+/-3.2% vs. NS: 51.6+/-5.8%, p<0.05) positive cells in MS rats...

..Ucn) exerts its actions through activation of two corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs), CRFR1 and CRFR2. Involvement of Ucn/CRFR2 system in pathophysiological conditions such as the regulation of angiogenesis and ..

..Our results suggest that urocortin 2 may play a role in the regulation of E2 production throughout pregnancy, thereby contributing to the placental regulation of key reproductive events in pregnancy maintenance and parturition...

..of CRH or antalarmin, a CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) antagonist, or anti-sauvagine-30, a CRH receptor type 2 (CRHR2) antagonist, at the level of CeA were followed by an intraperitoneal injection of either saline or 2...

Previously, we found the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) could inhibit tumor growth via an anti-angiogenic pathway, implying CRFR2 may be a tumor therapeutic target...

..In the present study we examined the effects of long-term voluntary exercise on the transcripts for BDNF and CRFR2 in the lateral septum (LS) and for CRF in the central amygdala (CeA) in female mice...

..are mediated via two types of G protein-coupled receptors, CRH type 1 receptor (CRHR1) and CRH type 2 receptor (CRHR2)...

..Haplotype-tagging SNPs were genotyped across CRHBP and, for completeness, across CRH, CRHR1 and CRHR2. FKBP5 genotypes were available...

..candidate genes, neuropeptide Y (Npy), alpha-synuclein (Snca), and corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 2 (Crhr2), have been identified that may account for the linkage signal...

..04 for both). These data indicate that susceptibility to BV is affected by patterns of genetic variation in stress-related genes and smoking plays an important role...

..The mRNA for CRHR2 was less abundant in both regions and less prone to changes with development or the agouti viable yellow mutation...

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 (CRFR2) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle (SM) tissue where it is suggested to inhibit interactions between insulin signaling pathway components affecting whole-body glucose homeostasis...

..coordinators of homeostasis whose actions are mediated through their receptors, CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) and CRFR2, found throughout the CNS and periphery...

..The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides and their receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) play a critical role in regulating the neuroendocrine stress response...

....

..The receptors for Crh, Crhr1 and Crhr2, are found throughout the central nervous system and periphery...

..This effect is blocked by antalarmin, a selective CRH-R1 receptor antagonist, suggesting that CRH-R1 receptors are involved in an intraadrenal CRH/ACTH control system in humans...

..Two distinct CRF receptor subtypes, CRFR1 and CRFR2, are thought to mediate CRF actions in the central nervous system...

..05). Of these 31 SNPs, 3 SNPs of 3 genes (SCYB14, GFRA1, and CRHR2) were significantly associated with HCC in a secondary screening...

..Macrophages express the Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-2 (CRFR2) the endogenous agonists of which, the urocortins, are also present at the site of inflammation...

..to be clarified whether those effects are mediated via either the CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) or the CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2), or both receptor subtypes...

..of antalarmin, a novel, small molecule CRH1 receptor antagonist, and alpha-helical CRH(9-41), a peptidic CRHR1/CRHR2 antagonist to attempt to determine the receptor mechanisms through which CRH is acting in both of these situations...

..to stress, and the related hormone urocortin (Ucn) are coordinated by two receptors, Crhr1 (encoded by Crhr) and Crhr2. These receptors may exhibit distinct functions due to unique tissue distribution and pharmacology...

..This system could be implicated in energy homeostasis and in mediating the anorexic effects of CRH at adipose level...

..To investigate whether genetic variation at the loci encoding the corticotropin-releasing factor receptors-1 and -2 (CRF-R1 and CRF-R2) contributes to human obesity...

..ERK1/2-p42, 44 by Ucn-I were extended to cell lines that endogenously express CRFR1 (AtT-20 and CATHa cells) and CRFR2 (A7r5 and CATHa cells)...

..LH because intra-DRN CRH produces LH at very high doses, and because intra-DRN antagonists for the CRH 2 receptor (CRHR2) block LH...

..Thus SCP and SRP might represent endogenous ligands for maintaining homeostasis after stress, and could allow the design of drugs to ameliorate stress-related diseases...

Urocortin (Ucn) III, or stresscopin, is a high affinity ligand for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRFR2) receptor recently identified in rodents and human...

..Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) is one of the receptors that mediate CRH signal...

..hormone (CRH) and urocortins (Ucn) bind with various affinities to two G-protein-coupled receptors, CRHR1 and CRHR2, which are expressed in brain and in peripheral tissues, including immune cells...

....

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor CRFR2 is expressed widely in peripheral tissues and in the vasculature, although its functional roles in those tissues have only recently begun to be elucidated...

..The main goal of this project is to elucidate the role of CRFR1 and CRFR2 in promoting stress-enhanced relapse to cocaine seeking...

..factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides (CRF and urocortins [Ucn] 1-3) and their receptors (CRFR1, CRFR2) are essential mediators of stress in the central nervous system...

..factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides (CRF and urocortins [Ucn] 1-3) and their receptors (CRFR1, CRFR2) are essential mediators of stress in the central nervous system...

..The receptor for Ucn 3, the type 2 CRF receptor (CRFR2), is highly expressed in the VMH and its expression is regulated by the energy status of the animals...

..2) To determine that repeated stimulation of CRF receptors, either CRF type 1 or 2 receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2, respectively) within the above network results in 'priming' of chronic anxiety/stress states...

..by disruption of signaling via the type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR1) and exaggerated in CRFR2-deficient mice...

..urocortin, is 43 percent identical to CRH and binds to both of its receptors, albeit with a higher affinity to CRHR2. Because CRH and urocortin can bind to and activate both CRH receptors, iv or icv administration of urocortin ..

..an oxidation-resistant radio labeled sauvagine analog (YQLS), that can be covalently cross linked to CRFR1 and CRFR2, using a chemical cross linking agent that cross links lysine residues...

..The main goal of this project is to elucidate the role of CRFR1 and CRFR2 in promoting stress-enhanced relapse to cocaine seeking...

..Analysis will utilize stress-sensitive transgenic mice deficient in the CRF type 2 receptor (CRFR2)...

....

....

..These mice will be crossed with our CRFR2-deficient mice to produce mice with elevated amygdalar CRF and deficient in CRFR1 in 5-HT cells...

..Utilizing CRF receptor-2 (CRFR2) deficient mice in which disruption of normal stress neurocircuitry prevents the recruitment and promotion of ..

..These studies will provide novel important information indicating how these recently identified neurons robustly regulate alcohol intake. ..

..Taken together, these studies will provide valuable insight at several levels of analysis of alcohol~s action on cognitive functions and eventually allow to start understanding of the mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced amnesia. ..

..Collectively, these results will provide novel and comprehensive information regarding the neurocircuitries through which NO or CO modulate the response of the rat HPA to a neurogenic stress. ..

..Such a long-term result would improve the quality of life and economic welfare of target populations that span many disease conditions. ..

..This space will not be adequate to support our anticipated continued growth in the areas of infectious disease and toxic challenge and in the need for quarantine of non-vendor rodents. ..

..Basic research into sex differences in aggression, then, is important to understanding the biological underpinnings of sex and gender differences in social behavior, health, and disease. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..The additional knowledge and research skills acquired from the application, together with previous background, will enable the applicant to study complicated, multifaceted metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus ..

..These experiments will provide the first morphological and functional evidence of the existence of a multisynaptic neural pathway between the testes and the CNS, that is influenced by alcohol. ..

....