connexin 31 9

..Thus, several of the new human connexin genes appear to have evolved to different expression patterns and presumably to different functions compared to their orthologues in the mouse genome. (121)..

..2 in mouse cerebral cortex, liver and lung. Moreover, preliminary data on the electrophysiological properties of HCx31.9 have been obtained by functional expression in paired Xenopus oocytes and in transfected N2A cells...

..We suggest that Cx30.2 and Cx40 act as counterparts in the AV-node and His-bundle, decreasing or increasing, respectively, electrical coupling and conduction velocity in these areas...

..Thus, our results implicate Gata4 in conduction system function and provide a clearer understanding of the transcriptional pathways that impact normal AV delay...

..Simply based on the docking energy, we extracted 70 compounds (GJC1-GJC70) and examined their anti-cancer activity using the MTT assay of the human colon cancer cells, HCT116...

..Our data provide evidence that coupling of RG A1 cells to displaced amacrine cells is mediated by Cx30.2 and that the extent of this coupling is modulated by protein kinase C...

..Our results suggest that malformation of the annulus fibrosus and preexcitation arise from the disturbed development of the atrioventricular myocardium...

..Our results also show that ventricular preexcitation can arise from inappropriate patterning of the AV canal-derived myocardium...

..Expression of six (GJA1, GJA9, GJB1, GJB2, GJC1 and GJD3) connexin genes was detected in normal colonic tissue samples...

..2/CX31.3. Based on these findings, we suggest that CX30.2/CX31.3 shares functional properties with pannexin (hemi) channels rather than gap junction channels of other CXs...

..GLP1R), BTG4, homer homolog 2 (HOMER2), zinc finger protein 583 (ZNF583), and gap junction protein, gamma 1 (GJC1)...

We have previously shown that the gap junction protein γ 1 (GJC1) gene, encoding the connexin-45 protein, is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer...

..9 protein, unlike its counterpart in the mouse, is not expressed in detectable quantities and is thus unlikely to contribute to the impulse generation and conduction system or the working myocardium of the human heart...

..2 and encompassed GJC1, IGFBP4, TNS4, and TOP2A...

A novel human connexin gene (GJA11) was cloned from a genomic library. The open reading frame encoded a hypothetical protein of 294 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 31,933, hence referred to as connexin-31.9 (Cx31...

..Thus Cx31.9 is a novel human connexin that forms channels with unique functional properties...

..2 (Cx30.2) contains 278 amino acid residues, and is 79% identical to human Cx31.9 (GJA11). Northern analysis showed that Cx30.2 is ubiquitously expressed, most prominently in testis...

..g., atrial fibrillation) by preventing rapid conduction to the ventricles potentially associated with hemodynamic deterioration...

..In the AVN, there is a similar pattern of expression of connexins as in the center of the SAN and this is likely to be in large part responsible for the slow conduction of the action potential...

..Hemichannels formed of mCx30.2 and hCx31.9 may slow propagation of excitation in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes by shortening the space constant and depolarizing the excitable membrane...

..In addition to indicating a potential disease mechanism for the neuropathy/deafness mutation, this work demonstrates a tissue-specific function for Cx31...

..This suggests that the lack of Cx30.2 in interneurons can be largely compensated by other connexins, most likely Cx36...

..Our data suggest that connexin30.2 can form heteromers with the other cardiac connexins and that mixed channel formation will influence the gating properties of gap junctions in cardiac regions that co-express these connexins...

..These observations enable to better understand the relationships between alteration in Cx expression or gap junction remodelling and arrhythmias in the human heart...

..of markers associated with bone development, namely, osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2, GJA1, GJC1 (Cx45), and GJA3 (Cx46)...

..These combined experimental approaches will identify new molecular targets on the connexin proteins for the possible pharmacological modulation of cardiac electrical communication by new therapeutic agents. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..2 hemichannels are functional in cardiomyocytes and whether they contribute to slow propagation of excitation in the AV node and protection of ventricles from over excitation during atrial tachyarrhythmia. ..

..2 hemichannels are functional in cardiomyocytes and whether they contribute to slow propagation of excitation in the AV node and protection of ventricles from over excitation during atrial tachyarrhythmia. ..

..2 hemichannels are functional in cardiomyocytes and whether they contribute to slow propagation of excitation in the AV node and protection of ventricles from over excitation during atrial tachyarrhythmia. ..

..Abnormalities in GJ channels play a key role in generating cardiac arrhythmias, uterine malfunction, epileptic seizures and malignant cell growth. ..

..Human genetic disorders that have been linked to Cx dysfunction include C-linked CMT disease, visceroatrial heterotaxia and sensorineural deafness. ..

..The study of these mechanisms will help to identify new therapeutic approaches to treat ischemia and other diseases during which changes in pH take place and typically increase the severity of the pathological process. ..