ABCC9

..The results showed that the expression of SUR2, not SUR1 was detected in adipose tissue, preadipocytes and adipocytes...

We have cloned an isoform of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), designated SUR2. Coexpression of SUR2 and the inward rectifier K+ channel subunit Kir6...

..The availability of cloned KATP channel genes opens the way for characterization of this family of ion channels and identification of additional genetic defects...

..with heart failure and rhythm disturbances due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy identified two mutations in ABCC9, which encodes the regulatory SUR2A subunit of the cardiac K(ATP) channel...

..Northern blotting showed that the highest expression of the SUR2 isoforms is in the heart and skeletal muscle, with lower levels in all other tissues...

..The demonstration of complex formation between Kir6.2 and SUR2A indicates that the structural basis for channel function may rely on direct physical interaction of the two subunits...

..which belong to the family of inwardly rectifying K(+) channels (K(ir)) and contain a sulfonylurea subunit (SUR1 or SUR2) combined with either K(ir)6.1 (KCNJ8) or K(ir)6...

..1 or Kir6.2) and sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1, SUR2A, or SUR2B)...

..ABCC7 is cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; ABCC8 and ABCC9 are the sulfonylurea receptors which constitute the ATP-sensing subunits of a complex potassium channel...

Classically, cardiac sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels have been thought to be composed of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR2A (ABCC9) subunits...

..clamp technique in cardiac myocytes and in COS-1 cells in which the cardiac isoform of the sulfonylurea receptor, SUR2, was coexpressed with the inwardly rectifying channel Kir6.2...

..ATP- and glibenclamide-sensitive K+ currents were decreased in HEK-293 cells expressing full-length Kir6 and SUR2 subunits that were transiently transfected with fragments rSUR2A-CTA, rSUR2A-CTC and rSUR2A-CTE (residues 1294-1359)..

..At 24 hours after treatment, eNOS, iNOS, and SUR2 mRNA levels and eNOS, iNOS expression in the left ventricle were determined by reverse transcription polymerase ..

..1 and SUR1 but not Kir6.2 or SUR2. 6...

..SUR1- but not SUR2-containing channels are highly sensitive to metabolic inhibition and diazoxide, whereas SUR2 channels are sensitive ..

..cadmium factor 1 and yeast oligomycin resistance I proteins, and the mammalian sulfonylurea receptors SUR1 and SUR2. Hydropathy analysis of these proteins predicts a unique membrane-associated region at the amino terminus followed ..

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..Two transgenic founder lines were generated and independently bred to sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) null mice to generate mice that restored expression of KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle...

..Immunohistochemistry identified the presence of K(ATP) channel subunits SUR1, SUR2, and Kir6.2 but not Kir6.1, and pCaMKII in neurofilament 200-positive DRG somata...

..g. pinacidil, cromakalim, nicorandil) act specifically on the SUR2 muscle isoforms but, except for diazoxide, remain ineffective on the SUR1 neuronal/pancreatic isoform...

..Affinities of sulfonylureas for rat SUR2A, rat or human SUR2B, and a SUR2 chimera containing the C-terminal 42 amino acids of SUR1 did not differ significantly, implying that the C terminus ..

..We examined the expression of sulphonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) mRNA in preadipocytes and adipocytes obtained by inducing for 5 d and the effects of the inhibitor (glibenclamide) ..

..Cardioprotective pathways may involve a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) channel but its composition is not fully understood...

..e., an ATP-binding cassette protein sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2) and a pore-forming inward rectifier (Kir6.1 or 6.2)...

..2/SUR1 and Kir6.1/SUR2B; minoxidil only stimulates SUR2 channels...

..However, cromakalim (Cro), an opener of Kir6.1/SUR2 but not Kir6.2/SUR1 K(ATP) channels, failed to protect against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity...

..In this study, adult Wistar rats were treated with iptakalim, a new KATP channel opener, which is selective for SUR2 type KATP channels, by intragastric administration at doses of 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg/day for 7 days before being exposed ..

..with the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) and the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) comprise the 13 members of the human "C" branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily...

..Among potassium channel transcripts which were screened by high-throughput real-time PCR, SUR2 and Kir6.1 mRNAs were found to be the most abundant in ventricular fibroblasts...

..1 or Kir6.2) and the regulatory subunit sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1 or SUR2)...

..1 and SUR1 but not Kir6.2 or SUR2. 6...

..Sequence analysis indicated that this clone is a variant of cardiac type sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2)...

..A positive immunostaining for Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR2 (ABCC9) was observed by immunoenzymatic and immunofluorescent approaches in the principal epithelial cells throughout all ..

Auxin homeostasis is pivotal for normal plant growth and development. The superroot2 (sur2) mutant was initially isolated in a forward genetic screen for auxin overproducers, and SUR2 was suggested to control auxin conjugation and thereby ..

..In this study, we examined survivin2 (sur2) with particular reference to its role in primitive hematopoiesis during zebrafish development...

..tuberculosis H37Rv genomic DNA, was passed through THP-1 human macrophages three times...

..Cardiomyocyte K(ATP) channels are composed of the pore-forming Kir6.2 subunit and the regulatory sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2)...

..1 (also known as Kcnj8) and sulfonylurea receptor 2, (SUR2, also known as Abcc9), both part of the same channel complex, as well as delta homologue 1 (DLK1) ..

..b>SUR2 mutant mice lack full-length K(ATP) channels in striated and smooth muscle and display a complex phenotype of ..

..However, it remains unknown whether post-infarction treatment with simvastatin can also reduce myocardial no-reflow for which suppression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channel opening is an important mechanism...

b>Sur2 is a metazoan Mediator subunit that interacts with the adenovirus E1A protein and functions in a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway required for vulva development in Caenorhabditis elegans...

..Using specific antibodies, we identified SUR1, SUR2, and Kir6.2 but not Kir6.1 subunits in DRGs...

..Morphological methods (immunohistochemistry and sulfonylurea binding) were used to establish the cellular and subcellular location of SUR1 in human and rodent islets...

The sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) ABCC8/SUR1 and ABCC9/SUR2 are members of the C-branch of the transport adenosine triphosphatase superfamily...

..The subunits of KATP: Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1 and SUR2 expressing changes were observed by double immunofluorescence and immunoblotting when the neurons were exposed to ..

..The SURs are divided into two isoforms, SUR1 and SUR2, the latter was further divided into SUR2A and SUR2B...

..to examine the expression and role of sulfonylurea-binding regulatory subunits 1 (SUR1 (ABCC8)) and 2 (SUR2 (ABCC9)) of the K(ATP) channels in the pregnant rat myometrium with particular regard to the contractility...

..The reported expression of both SUR1 and SUR2 together with Kir6...

..We have recently shown a role for an inwardly rectifying K(+) channel, Kir6.1/SUR2(B), in the regulation of cell proliferation during early kidney development...

..In the present study, we used a genetic model to investigate the physiological functions of SUR2-containing K(ATP) channels in mediating vasodilation to hypoxia, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or metabolic ..

..Reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunocytochemistry showed that Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1 and SUR2 were expressed in CB glomus cells as well as in non-glomus cells...

..Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Kir 6.1, Kir 6.2 and SUR2 subunits of K(ATP) channels are functionally expressed in HaCaT cells and both non-selective K(ATP) channel opener ..

..mechanisms by which diazoxide and pinacidil induce vasodilation by studying diameter regulation of wild-type [SUR2(+/+)] and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 2-deficient [SUR2(-/-)] mouse myogenic mesenteric arteries...

..also studied in pressurized resistance-size cerebral arteries of mice with a genetic deletion in the gene encoding SUR2 (SUR2 null)...

..The subunits of KATP: Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1 and SUR2 expressing change was observed by double Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting in cultured cholinergic neurons from ..

..Seven genes (ABCA6, ABCA9, ABCA10, ABCB5, ABCC2, ABCC9 and ABCD2) were induced, whereas the gene expression of one gene (ABCA3) was decreased, comparing controls and PXE ..

..genomewide linkage analysis suggests a region on chromosome 12p that harbors two strong candidate genes, KCNJ8 and ABCC9, encoding the channel-forming inward rectifier subunit Kir6...

..The present study demonstrates that rat primary cultured MG expressed Kir6.1 and SUR2 subunits of K(ATP) channel, which was identical to that expressed in BV-2 microglial cell line...

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..Novel sequencing platforms have now opened up avenues for more comprehensive diagnostic testing while simultaneously decreasing test cost and turn around time...

..The aim of this study was to examine the cardiac function and transcriptional response of the heart to propofol after ischemia-reperfusion...

..3, Kv1.4, KChIP2, SUR2 and Kir6.2, as well as lower expression of connexin43 and phospholamban...

..Here, we examined whether Syn-1A would influence non-specific (diazoxide) and SUR2-specific KCOs [N-cyano-N'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-N''-3-pyridylguanidine (P-1075) and cromakalim] on cardiac myocyte K(..

..Mice deleted for the first nucleotide binding region of sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) are referred to as SUR2 null since they lack full-length SUR2 and glibenclamide-responsive K(ATP) ..

..x (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and regulatory, SURx (SUR2A, SUR2B or SUR1), subunits that associate in different combinations. The objective of this study was to determine whether mammalian oocytes (human, bovine, porcine) express K(ATP) channels...

..1, KCNJ8, and Kir6.2 KCNJ11) with sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1, ABCC8, and SUR2, ABCC9) of the ABCC protein sub-family, has led to the elucidation of many details of channel gating and pore properties, ..

Sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) associate with Kir6.x subunits to form tetradimeric K(ATP) channel complexes. SUR1 and SUR2 confer differential channel sensitivities to nucleotides and pharmacological agents, and are expressed in specific, ..

..The 12 pS K(+) channel activated by levcromakalim in pig detrusor smooth muscle cells is a K(ATP) channel. The predominant expression of SUR2A can account for the lack of effect of neurotransmitters related to cAMP...

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..sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1), and the other blocking cardiovascular and skeletal muscle sulphonylurea receptors (SUR2) with potencies similar to their action on SUR1...

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..Combinations of these subunits would not explain the reported pharmacology of the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel (Mol Pharmacol 59 (2001) 225) suggesting the possibility of further unidentified components of this channel...

..which are characteristic of the phenotypes of the auxin-overproducing mutants, superroot1 (sur1) and superroot2 (sur2)...

..the rvs161delta-related salt sensitivity all occurred in genes required for sphingolipid biosynthesis: FEN1, SUR4, SUR2, SUR1, and IPT1...

..mRNAs of the vascular-type K(ATP) (K(NDP)) channel-forming subunits Kir6.1/SUR2 were highly expressed in early ureteric bud generations (embryonic day E14) and downregulated thereafter, while ..

..The composition of this complex may provide insight into the basis of tissue and species sensitivity to peroxisome proliferators...

..The K-cell lines also express relatively low levels of Kir 6.1, Kir 6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 suggesting secretion is independent of K(ATP) channels...

..Because these responses likely resulted from the binding of sulfonylurea to a mesangial SUR2, we subsequently documented [3H]-glibenclamide binding to MC and the gene expression of several mesangial SUR2 ..

..Ten mutants were obtained, ranged amongst four complementation groups, named SUR1, SUR2, SUR3 and SUR4...

..used a gene-targeting strategy to generate mice with a disruption in the muscle-specific K(ATP) regulatory subunit, SUR2. Insertional mutagenesis of the Sur2 locus generated homozygous null (Sur2(-/-)) mice and heterozygote (Sur2(+/-)) ..

..were recorded from cell-attached and inside-out patches of rat ventricular myocytes and COS-1 cells coexpressing SUR2 and Kir6.2. KATP channel activity increased within < 1 min upon irradiation...

..the biological roles of these molecules, we created disruption mutants for LCB4, LCB5, DPL1, YSR2, YSR3, and SUR2. LCB4 and LCB5 encode kinases that phosphorylate long chain bases...

The distribution of human sulfonylurea receptor-2 (SUR2)-containing K(ATP) channels was investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...

..2 to MgATP (IC50=95.5+/-49.6 microM versus 18.9+/-5.0 microM). These results suggest that Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 are endowed with the potential to form a heteromeric KATP channel, which has a low sensitivity to MgATP...

..SYR2 was identical to SUR2, which is involved in survival during nutritional starvation...

..was performed with antibodies against K(ATP)-channel subunits, namely the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) and the inwardly rectifying K+ channel (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2). Specific Kir6.1 and Kir6...

..In contrast, we found no evidence for the presence of either known sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1 or SUR2) in the mitochondria...

..Active and repressive C/EBPbeta interacts with multisubunit Mediator complexes through the CRSP130/Sur2 subunit...

..at which a single amino acid in transmembrane helix 17 (TM17) was exchanged by the corresponding amino acid of SUR2. By analyzing cell detachment, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3-like activity, we observed a ..

..We also identified zebrafish orthologs corresponding to mammalian SUR1 (zSUR1) and SUR2 (zSUR2) by the genomic database. Both Kir6...

..are deemed to play an important role in myocardial infarction (MI), and the ATP-binding cassette transporter C9-ABCC9-may be involved in the regulation of coronary artery vasomotility...

..expression of the type 1 isoform of sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1) in ICCs of the mouse ileum, but expression of SUR2 was predominant in smooth muscle...

..Furthermore, wei2 and wei7 suppress the high-auxin phenotypes of superroot1 (sur1) and sur2, two auxin-overproducing mutants, suggesting that the roles of WEI2 and WEI7 in the regulation of auxin ..

..2, Rab3), stimulated (voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subunit alpha1D, CPT2, SUR2, rab9, syt13), or inhibited (syntaxin 7, secretogranin-2) by SREBP-1c inhibition...

..findings are underscored by the identification in humans that defective K(ATP) channels induced by mutations in ABCC9, the gene encoding the cardiac sulfonylurea receptor subunit, confer susceptibility to dilated cardiomyopathy...

..SUR isoform, shows much higher affinity for glibenclamide but considerably lower affinity for most openers than SUR2. In radioligand binding assays, we investigated the role of two amino acids, T1285 and M1289, located in ..

..Two different SUR genes (SUR1 and SUR2) and two different Kir6.x genes (Kir6.1 and Kir6.2) have been identified...

..At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, viruses containing CR3 replicated better in Sur2+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in Sur2-/- MEFs...

..3. Meglitinide (benzoic acid derivative) bound to SUR1 and the SUR2 isoforms with similar affinities...

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..2 subunits) for primary screening and against the muscle form (e. g. , SUR2/Kir6...

..g. SUR1, SUR2), and (ii) an Inwardly rectifying potassium (j about) channel subunit (Kir6; e.g. Kir6.1, Kir6.2)...

..The sulfonylurea receptor subunit SUR2 regulates pharmacology and nucleotide interactions for sKATP, but the role of SUR2 in mKATP is unknown...

..The sulfonylurea receptor subunit SUR2 regulates pharmacology and nucleotide interactions for sKATP, but the role of SUR2 in mKATP is unknown...

..and IDE), fatty acid metabolism regulation (PRKAA2, PPARA, and PPARG), and potassium channel activity (KCNJ11 and ABCC9) in the heart will be associated with the immediate and long-term response to GIK therapy administered in the ..

..and IDE), fatty acid metabolism regulation (PRKAA2, PPARA, and PPARG), and potassium channel activity (KCNJ11 and ABCC9) in the heart will be associated with the immediate and long-term response to GIK therapy administered in the ..

Potassium ATP (KATP) channels are composed of a sulfonylurea subunit, SUR1 or SUR2, and a pore forming potassium channel, Kir6.1 or Kir6.2...

..region 3 (CR3) as a model activation domain, capitalizing on recent work showing that it activates by binding the Sur2 subunit of the mammalian Mediator complex...

..The sulfonylurea receptor subunit SUR2 regulates pharmacology and nucleotide interactions for surface KATP, but the molecular nature of the subunit for ..

..1 and Kir6.2) - both are highly expressed in heart. Cardiac KATP channels are believed to consist of Kir6.2/SUR2 complexes. However, the role of Kir6.1 is unknown...

..Investigators on native cardiac KATP, by the recent availability of KATP clones (co- expressed BIR/SUR1 and KATP/SUR2), and by a structural hypothesis of phospholipid effects involving the cytoplasmic C-tail of the KATP...

..2 association modulates ATP binding. (3) We will investigate the role of SUR2, the regulatory subunit of the KATPchannel, in PPI-KATP channel interaction and PPI modulation of ATP binding...

..Discovering the genetic basis of DCM will lead to better ways to diagnose and prevent the progressive weakening of heart muscle that afflicts patients with this disorder. ..

..The long-term objectives of this work are to gain new insights into molecular mechanisms for heart failure and to improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of DCM. ..

..The long-term objectives of this work are to gain new insights into molecular mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and to improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of AF. ..

..Discovering the genetic basis of DCM will lead to better ways to diagnose and prevent the progressive weakening of heart muscle that afflicts patients with this disorder. ..

..The long-term objectives of this work are to gain new insights into molecular mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and to improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of AF. ..

..In this proposal, we will use a rat model of SAH to establish the essential role of the NC(Ca-ATP) channel in pathophysiology post-SAH. ..

..The project is expected to identify a previously undescribed intractiorT^ieT^eerrK6sfiTrTrmrne res immune evasion, thus increasing our understanding of viral infections and mechanisms of host response to pathogens. ~ ..

..The project is expected to identify a previously undescribed interaction between host immune response and viral immune evasion, thus increasing our understanding of viral infections and mechanisms of host response to pathogens. ..

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..These studies will form the basis for novel future therapies for spinal cord injury. ..

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