brat

..in brat mutant clones promotes cell cycle exit and differentiation of brat mutant cells, thereby abrogating brain tumour formation...

..We now indicate that the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor brain tumor (brat) is an inhibitor of cell growth and is a functional homolog of the C. elegans gene ncl-1...

..the cofactor Nanos is essential for Pum-dependent para repression, whereas the requirement for Brain Tumor (Brat) is cell type specific...

..neuroblasts-stem cell-like precursors of the adult brain-regulate proliferation by segregating the growth inhibitor Brat and the transcription factor Prospero into only one daughter cell...

Inactivation of both alleles of the fruit fly D. melanogaster brain tumor (brat) gene results in the production of a tumor-like neoplasm in the larval brain, and lethality in the larval third instar and pupal stages...

The Drosophila brain tumor (brat) gene encodes a member of the conserved NHL family of proteins, which appear to regulate differentiation and growth in a variety of organisms...

..requires an mRNP complex (the NRE complex), which consists of Nanos (Nos), Pumilio (Pum), and Brain tumor (Brat) proteins, and the Nos responsive element (NRE) present in the 3' UTR of hb mRNA ...

..These results reveal a surprising role for mei-P26 outside of the germline as a regulator of seizure susceptibility, possibly by affecting synaptic development as a ubiquitin ligase...

Loss of either lgl or brat gene activity in Drosophila larvae causes neoplastic brain tumors. Fragments of tumorous brains from either mutant transplanted into adult hosts over-proliferate, and kill their hosts within 2 weeks...

..We have identified a novel mechanism for controlling the balance between self-renewal and neuronal differentiation during the asymmetric division of Drosophila larval NBs...

..This can lead to symmetric segregation of the cell fate determinants Brat and Prospero, resulting in the mis-specification of daughter cell fates and tumor-like over proliferation in the ..

..We conclude that Aurora-A and Numb are novel inhibitors of neuroblast self-renewal and that spindle orientation regulates neuroblast self-renewal...

..one in this issue of Cell and the other in Developmental Cell show that the cell-fate determinant Brain Tumor (Brat) suppresses self-renewal in one of the daughter cells that arise from the asymmetric division of a neural stem cell...

We analyzed how cells from tumors caused by mutations in either lgl or brat use matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to facilitate metastasis in Drosophila...

..Our results reveal a biochemical link between the cell cycle and the asymmetric protein localization machinery, and indicate that Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by regulating the localization and function of Numb...

..Here, we identify Brain Tumor (Brat) as a potent differentiation factor and target of Pum-Nos regulation...

..Certain stages of mammalian testis also accumulate abundant piRNAs of unknown function, which derive from noncoding RNAs that are depleted in transposable element content and do not engage in ping-pong...

..Our results lead to a revised mechanistic model for cotranscriptional quality control in which the exosome is constantly recruited to newly synthesized RNAs through direct interactions with specific hnRNP proteins...

..We show MMC to be effective and suitable to applications of large scale. In light of these features, we advocate MMC as a standard tool for exploration and hypothesis generation...

..Our findings suggest that Flfl may target PP4 to the MIra protein complex to facilitate dephosphorylation step(s) crucial for its cortical association/asymmetric localization...

..These results as a whole uncover a distinct regulatory mechanism of self-renewal and differentiation of the MB progenitors that is different from the mechanisms found in other progenitors...

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..PAN neuroblasts rely on the segregating determinants Numb and Brat to generate smaller, secondary neuroblasts that in turn give rise to ganglion mother cells (GMCs) and neurons ..

..A cell-based assay verified let-7 miRNA down-regulation of dpld expression by means of its 3'-untranslated region. Thus, dpld seems also to be miRNA regulated, suggesting that miRNAs represent an ancient mechanism of LIN-41 regulation...

..the asymmetric localisation of the adapter protein Miranda and its associated cargo proteins Staufen, Prospero and Brat, but not other components of the asymmetric division machinery...

..Here, we report that the Brain tumor (Brat) translation repressor is partitioned into GMCs via direct interaction with the Miranda scaffolding protein...

..Our results suggest that stwl(UY823) kills flies by causing inappropriate cell cycle entry, and that triggering the death of these overproliferating cells or slowing their proliferation restores viability...

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..The data suggest that both neurons and muscles use common mechanisms to recognize their paths or targets, and that Drl plays an analogous role in both developing systems...

..Thus, the Ddc gene cluster represents in higher eukaryotes an unusual example of a large cluster of functionally related genes involved in a common physiological process...

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..Heteroallelic heterozygotes of Bd7 x Bd4 also produced fully fertile ovaries, but no other heteroallelic combinations did so.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..

..It eliminates Ddc+ and 1(2)37Ca+ function and at 30 degrees C reduces 1(2)37Ce+ function. It is not a deficiency but could be a polar mutant...

..Six of these complementation groups are within 23 kb of DNA, and all ten complementation groups, including Ddc, lie within 78-82 kb of DNA. The potential significance of this unusually high gene density is discussed...

..The Dox-A2 locus is within 3.4 to 4.4 kb of the Df(2L)OD15 breakpoint, placing four of the vital loci within a maximum of 15.5 kb. The location of Dox-A2 in a cluster of genes affecting cuticle formation is discussed...

..Although no biochemical phene has yet been established for the alphaMD hypersensitive amd alleles, it seems likely that the two groups of mutants are functionally related...

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..In drl mutant embryos these neurons fail to make the correct pathway choices. Our results provide evidence for receptor protein-tyrosine kinase involvement in key aspects of neuronal pathway recognition...

..Recently, genetic screens in Drosophila and functional genomics approaches in yeast have macheted into the thicket of cell size control...

The Brain Tumor (Brat) protein is recruited to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of hunchback mRNA to regulate its translation...

..These repressors do not work in isolation - each binds multiple sites in the appropriate mRNA, and the resulting RNA-protein complexes appear to recruit co-repressors by a variety of mechanisms...

..Instead of inventing new gene functions, even subtle changes in temporal expression of pre-existing control genes can result in speciation by altering the time at which they function...

..Here, we discuss the evolution, biological function and mechanisms of action of the PUF protein family, and suggest that a primordial function of PUF proteins is to sustain mitotic proliferation of stem cells...

..This analysis suggests that similar features in helical repeat proteins are used to bind extended peptides and RNA...

..Mutations in the Drosophila Importin beta homolog Ketel, also reduce the nuclear localization of activated D-ERK. Together, these data indicate that DIM-7 and Ketel are components of the nuclear import machinery for activated D-ERK...

..This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase related to the EGF-receptor, and its activation and overexpression are thought to play a critical part in melanoma formation...

..These proteins control stem cells and participate in the formation of memory. Understanding how they work should provide practical opportunities for intervention. ..

..The cross-disciplinary nature of this meeting will be attractive to molecular, cellular, developmental, and neurobiological scientists. ..

..The importance of CPEB3 for oocytedevelopment will be assessed. The proposed experiments will examine the molecular basis of oocyte development, and thus are relevant to human health especially human reproduction. ..

..This proposal focuses on new molecules that regulate cell senescence. Because this process is strongly linked to cancer and ageing, it clearly has important implications for human health. ..

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..Therefore, mechanistic studies of polyadenylation-induced translation are likely to have important implications for human health. ..

..In focusing sharply on a few specific examples, we hope to illuminate the broad molecular questions of how 3'UTR controls function, evolve, and coordinate exoression of multiole mRNAs. ..

..We focus sharply on PUF proteins to illuminate broadly how 3'UTR controls function, evolve, and coordinate expression of multiple mRNAs. ..

..This proposal focuses on new molecules that regulate cell senescence. Because this process is strongly linked to cancer and ageing, it clearly has important implications for human health. ..

..In particular, we will examine RNA processing and translational control. Because of the fundamental nature of this work, it has important implications for fertility, neurodegeneration, and cancer. ..

..These proteins control stem cells and participate in the formation of memory. Understanding how they work should provide practical opportunities for intervention. ..

..Finally, an upstream event that is necessary for CPEB-mediated polyadenylation is the translational activation of RINGO/Spy mRNA, which encodes an atypical cyclin B1-like protein. Pumilio is the ..

..This proposal focuses on new molecules that regulate cell senescence. Because this process is strongly linked to cancer and ageing, it clearly has important implications for human health. ..

..In particular, we will examine RNA processing and translational control. Because of the fundamental nature of this work, it has important implications for fertility, neurodegeneration, and cancer. ..

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..The mechanism responsible for, and the biological significance of, this localization will be investigated. ..

..Our detailed investigations of the regulation of c-mos, a proto-oncogene normally expressed only in the germ line, bear on how cell division is controlled both in normal and abnormal growth. ..

..Finally, an mRNA that is deadenylated and stored in a dormant form in mouse oocytes undergoes prior CPE-mediated deadenylation. The possible role of mCPEB in the process will be assessed. ..