Research Topics
| Benjamin H ChiSummaryAffiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Country: Zambia Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Single-dose tenofovir and emtricitabine for reduction of viral resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs in women given intrapartum nevirapine for perinatal HIV prevention: an open-label randomised trialBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Lancet 370:1698-705. 2007..We aimed to investigate whether this complication would be reduced with a single peripartum intervention of tenofovir and emtricitabine...- Extended nevirapine prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmissionJeffrey S A Stringer
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ, Lusaka, Zambia
Lancet 372:267-9. 2008 
Antiretroviral Drug Regimens to Prevent Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV: A Review of Scientific, Program, and Policy Advances for Sub-Saharan AfricaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia CIDRZ, Plot 1275 Lubutu Road, P O Box 34681, Lusaka, Zambia
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 10:124-33. 2013..In this review, we take stock of recent advances across each of these areas, highlighting the challenges-and opportunities-of improving health services for HIV-infected mothers and their children across the region...- Nonvirologic algorithms for predicting HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants younger than 12 weeks of ageBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Pediatr Infect Dis J 32:151-6. 2013..Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy has been shown to reduce mortality among perinatally HIV-infected infants, but availability of virologic testing remains limited in many settings... 
Progress, challenges, and new opportunities for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV under the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS ReliefBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 60:S78-87. 2012..PEPFAR must also carefully integrate PMTCT into the broader combination prevention agenda for HIV, so that real progress can be made toward an "AIDS-free generation" worldwide...- Use of task-shifting to rapidly scale-up HIV treatment services: experiences from Lusaka, ZambiaMary B Morris
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka, Zambia
BMC Health Serv Res 9:5. 2009..While this approach has been successful, long-term solutions to the human resource crisis are also urgently needed to expand the number of providers and to slow staff migration out of the region... - Implementation of the Zambia electronic perinatal record system for comprehensive prenatal and delivery careBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 113:131-6. 2011..To characterize prenatal and delivery care in an urban African setting... - Early clinical and immune response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy among women with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapineBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia
AIDS 21:957-64. 2007.... - Universal definition of loss to follow-up in HIV treatment programs: a statistical analysis of 111 facilities in Africa, Asia, and Latin AmericaBenjamin H Chi
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
PLoS Med 8:e1001111. 2011..We analyzed data from health facilities across Africa, Asia, and Latin America to empirically determine a standard LTFU definition... - Field performance of a thin-layer chromatography assay for detection of nevirapine in umbilical cord bloodBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
HIV Clin Trials 7:263-9. 2006..At present, the only validated method is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a technique poorly suited for most resource-constrained settings... - Predictors of stillbirth in sub-saharan AfricaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Obstet Gynecol 110:989-97. 2007..To describe the incidence and predictors of stillbirth in a predominantly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected African cohort... - HIVCorps: using volunteers to rapidly expand HIV health services across ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:918-21. 2006..Formal volunteer programs like HIVCorps should be developed alongside initiatives focused on deploying more specialized, experienced healthcare workers aboard... - An empirical approach to defining loss to follow-up among patients enrolled in antiretroviral treatment programsBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Box 34681, 1275 Lubuto Road, Lusaka, Zambia
Am J Epidemiol 171:924-31. 2010..This analysis suggests that > or =60 days since the last appointment is a reasonable definition of LTFU. Standardization to empirically derived definitions of LTFU will permit more reliable comparisons within and across programs... - Timing of maternal and neonatal dosing of nevirapine and the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: HIVNET 024Benjamin H Chi
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
AIDS 19:1857-64. 2005..We analyzed data from a multicenter clinical trial to determine whether timing of maternal or infant NVP was associated with MTCT between delivery and 6 weeks of age (intrapartum/early postnatal transmission; I/EP)... - Perceptions toward HIV, HIV screening, and the use of antiretroviral medications: a survey of maternity-based health care providers in ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Int J STD AIDS 15:685-90. 2004..Among those never prescribing ART, most cited a lack of availability (83%). Our results highlight the need for further provider education, critical appraisal of the current system for HIV testing, and widespread distribution of ART... - Intrapartum tenofovir and emtricitabine reduces low-concentration drug resistance selected by single-dose nevirapine for perinatal HIV preventionBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 25:1099-106. 2009..The ability of single-dose TDF/FTC to protect against peripartum NVP-induced NNRTI resistance extends to minority populations. This efficacy is achieved without significant selection of TDF- or FTC-resistant viruses... - Addition of single-dose tenofovir and emtricitabine to intrapartum nevirapine to reduce perinatal HIV transmissionBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 48:220-3. 2008..To determine the impact of adjuvant single-dose peripartum tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) on intrapartum/early postpartum HIV transmission... - Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in Zambia: feasibility and early outcomesJeffrey S A Stringer
Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
JAMA 296:782-93. 2006..The Zambian Ministry of Health has scaled-up human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) care and treatment services at primary care clinics in Lusaka, using predominately nonphysician clinicians... - Peripartum nevirapine exposure and subsequent clinical outcomes among HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 monthsNamwinga Chintu
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Trop Med Int Health 15:842-7. 2010..We examined the longer-term clinical outcomes in a programmatic setting... - Early clinical and programmatic outcomes with tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy in ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 54:63-70. 2010..In July 2007, amid some controversy over cost, Zambia was the first African country to introduce tenofovir (TDF) as a component of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) on a wide scale... - Adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy affects non-virologic outcomes among patients on treatment for more than 12 months in Lusaka, ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Int J Epidemiol 38:746-56. 2009..In resource-constrained settings, however, there are few validated measures. We examined the correlation between clinical outcomes and the medication possession ratio (MPR), a pharmacy-based measure of adherence... - Association between weight gain and clinical outcomes among malnourished adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, ZambiaJohn R Koethe
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 53:507-13. 2010..To describe the association between 6-month weight gain on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent clinical outcomes... - Six-month hemoglobin concentration and its association with subsequent mortality among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, ZambiaMark J Giganti
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 61:120-3. 2012..5; 95% confidence interval: 3.3 to 6.3). Future work should look to identify causes of anemia in settings such as ours and evaluate strategies for more timely diagnosis and treatment... - Coverage of nevirapine-based services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in 4 African countriesElizabeth M Stringer
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Plot 1275 Lubutu Rd, PO Box 34681, Lusaka, Zambia
JAMA 304:293-302. 2010..Few studies have objectively evaluated the coverage of services to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mother to child... - HIV disease progression by hormonal contraceptive method: secondary analysis of a randomized trialElizabeth M Stringer
Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Lusaka, Zambia
AIDS 23:1377-82. 2009..We hypothesized that women using depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraception would have faster HIV disease progression than women using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and nonhormonal methods... - Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in ZambiaCarolyn Bolton Moore
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka
JAMA 298:1888-99. 2007.... - A pilot study of food supplementation to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among food-insecure adults in Lusaka, ZambiaRonald A Cantrell
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Plot 1275 Lubutu Road, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 49:190-5. 2008..The provision of food supplementation to food-insecure patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve adherence to medications... - Influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Zambian womenYolan Banda
School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Trop Med Int Health 12:856-61. 2007..To determine the influence of body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy outcomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Zambian women and to assess the possible role of BMI on mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV... - CD4+ response and subsequent risk of death among patients on antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 52:125-31. 2009..However, few have studied CD4+ response and its relationship to subsequent clinical outcomes in a programmatic setting... - Predictors of CD4 eligibility for antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women in Lusaka, ZambiaKatherine C Liu
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 57:e101-5. 2011..In resource-limited settings, CD4 testing is a barrier to antiretroviral therapy initiation in pregnancy... - Effectiveness of generic and proprietary first-line anti-retroviral regimens in a primary health care setting in Lusaka, Zambia: a cohort studyJeffrey S A Stringer
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Int J Epidemiol 41:448-59. 2012..Although generic anti-retroviral drugs are in common use throughout the developing world, studies comparing their clinical effectiveness with that of proprietary formulations are lacking... - Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmissionBenjamin H Chi
School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 0024, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:174-81. 2006..This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of acute and chronic chorioamnionitis among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and to determine the relative contribution of each to perinatal HIV-1 transmission... - Declining HIV prevalence among young pregnant women in Lusaka, ZambiaElizabeth M Stringer
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
Bull World Health Organ 86:697-702. 2008..Recent reports suggest a possible decline in HIV sero-incidence in Zambia and some neighbouring countries. This study aimed to examine trends in HIV seroprevalence among pregnant and parturient women between 2002 and 2006... - Early immunologic response and subsequent survival among malnourished adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Urban ZambiaJohn R Koethe
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
AIDS 24:2117-21. 2010..To evaluate the relationship between early CD4(+) lymphocyte recovery on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent survival among low body mass index (BMI) HIV-1-infected adults... - Causes of morbidity among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in primary care facilities in Lusaka, ZambiaMwangelwa Mubiana-Mbewe
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Trop Med Int Health 14:1190-8. 2009..To describe the pattern of incident illness in children after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a large public health sector programme in Lusaka, Zambia... - Modern contraceptive and dual method use among HIV-infected women in Lusaka, ZambiaCarla J Chibwesha
University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011:261453. 2011..6% of these women successfully accessed services within 90 days. Unmet contraceptive need remains high among HIV-infected women. Additional efforts are needed to promote reproductive health, particularly dual method use... - A randomized trial of the intrauterine contraceptive device vs hormonal contraception in women who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virusElizabeth M Stringer
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:144.e1-8. 2007..The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is effective and safe among women who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)... - A cluster randomized trial of routine HIV-1 viral load monitoring in Zambia: study design, implementation, and baseline cohort characteristicsJohn R Koethe
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
PLoS ONE 5:e9680. 2010.... - Methods and baseline results of a repeated cross-sectional survey to assess the public health impact of antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, ZambiaMark J Giganti
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Box 34681, Plot 1275, Lubuto Road, Lusaka, Zambia
Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:971-7. 2010..These findings will serve as a reliable reference in the future analysis of the population-level impact of this HIV treatment and care program in Zambia... - Comparative outcomes of tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based antiretroviral therapy regimens in Lusaka, ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 58:475-81. 2011..Although tenofovir (TDF) is a common component of antiretroviral therapy (ART), recent evidence suggests inferior outcomes when it is combined with nevirapine (NVP)... - Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Population HIV-Free Survival among Children under Two Years of Age in Four African CountriesJeffrey S A Stringer
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
PLoS Med 10:e1001424. 2013..We measured PMTCT service coverage, regimen use, and HIV-free survival among children ≤24 mo of age in Cameroon, Côte D'Ivoire, South Africa, and Zambia... - Monitoring effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in lower-income countriesElizabeth M Stringer
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Bull World Health Organ 86:57-62. 2008..Finally, we propose a novel community survey-based approach that could be implemented widely throughout the developing world with minor modifications to ongoing Demographic and Health Surveys... - Cost and enrollment implications of targeting different source population for an HIV treatment programBenjamin H Chi
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40:350-5. 2005..Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a worldwide priority, and ambitious targets for numbers on ART have been set. Antenatal clinics (ANCs) and tuberculosis (TB) clinics have been targeted as entry points into HIV care... - Use of traditional medicine among pregnant women in Lusaka, ZambiaYolan Banda
University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
J Altern Complement Med 13:123-7. 2007..We studied the prevalence of and predictors for traditional medicine use among pregnant women seeking care in the Lusaka, Zambia public health system... - Determinants of stillbirth in ZambiaElizabeth M Stringer
University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Obstet Gynecol 117:1151-9. 2011..The objective of this study was to estimate the rates and determinants of stillbirth in an urban African obstetric population... - Causes of stillbirth, neonatal death and early childhood death in rural Zambia by verbal autopsy assessmentsEleanor Turnbull
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Trop Med Int Health 16:894-901. 2011..To describe specific causes of the high rates of stillbirth, neonatal death and early child childhood death in Zambia... - Serum phosphate predicts early mortality in adults starting antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia: a prospective cohort studyDouglas C Heimburger
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
PLoS ONE 5:e10687. 2010..We assessed the association of serum phosphate with early mortality among HIV-infected adults with severe malnutrition and/or advanced immunosuppression... - Optimal time on HAART for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIVCarla J Chibwesha
University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 58:224-8. 2011..To determine the impact of time between initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and delivery-duration of antenatal HAART-on perinatal HIV infection... - A controlled trial of three methods for neonatal circumcision in lusaka, zambiaKasonde Bowa
Department of Surgery, Copperbelt University School of Medicine, Ndola, Zambia Department of Surgery, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia Broadreach, Lusaka, Zambia Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 62:e1-6. 2013..Neonatal male circumcision (NMC) is not routinely practiced in Zambia, but it is a promising long-term HIV prevention strategy. We studied the feasibility and safety of three different NMC methods... - Macronutrient supplementation for malnourished HIV-infected adults: a review of the evidence in resource-adequate and resource-constrained settingsJohn R Koethe
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Clin Infect Dis 49:787-98. 2009.... - Simple adherence assessments to predict virologic failure among HIV-infected adults with discordant immunologic and clinical responses to antiretroviral therapyJason D Goldman
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:1031-5. 2008..Among patients with suspected treatment failure, a lower MPR was associated with higher rates of detectable viremia. However, the suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of MPR limit its utility as a sole predictor of virologic failure... - HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C in ZambiaKenneth C Kapembwa
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
J Glob Infect Dis 3:269-74. 2011..Epidemiologic data of HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection are needed in sub-Saharan Africa to guide health policy for hepatitis screening and optimized antiretroviral therapy (ART)... - Burnout and use of HIV services among health care workers in Lusaka District, Zambia: a cross-sectional studyGina R Kruse
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia CIDRZ, Lusaka, Zambia
Hum Resour Health 7:55. 2009..Programmes to improve access, acceptability and confidentiality of health care services for clinical providers and to reduce workplace stress could substantially affect workforce stability... - Expanded services for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: field acceptability of a pilot program in Lusaka, ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:125-7. 2007 - Abandonment of antiretroviral therapy: a potential barrier to scale-up in sub-Saharan AfricaStewart E Reid
S Afr Med J 98:448, 450. 2008 - Individual-level predictors for HIV testing among antenatal attendees in Lusaka, ZambiaSara Thierman
University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
Am J Med Sci 332:13-7. 2006..Because individual-level characteristics were only weakly predictive of HIV testing, future work should concentrate on community-level factors... - Employment of off-duty staff: a strategy to meet the human resource needs for a large PMTCT program in ZambiaBenjamin H Chi
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40:381-2. 2005 - Baseline renal insufficiency and risk of death among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, ZambiaLloyd B Mulenga
Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Zambia
AIDS 22:1821-7. 2008..To examine the association between baseline renal insufficiency and mortality among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in an urban African setting...