David L Williams

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..Examining invertebrates with gene defects similar to those in human patients with heart disease, congenital or acquired, allows us to probe deeply into the aetiopathogenesis of many cardiac conditions...

..Fornix-based suture placement is a novel approach to entropion correction in the dog which yields acceptable results in the majority of suitable cases without recourse to incisional surgery...

..To determine, by a plaque reduction assay, the in vitro efficacy of novel antiviral agents in the treatment of feline herpes virus 1 (FHV-1) keratitis in the domestic cat (Felis felis)...

..This article discusses recent research into several conditions to demonstrate the opportunities that exist for investigating such conditions both from a genetic and an environmental perspective...

..It is hoped that this review spurs further research into the etiopathogenic factors in canine KCS...

..To analyze the uptake of tears in a Schirmer tear test (STT) in vitro and in vitro...

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..To compare the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen in the corneas of normal dogs and dogs affected with chronic superficial keratitis (CSK)...

..In this study 2000 normal cats, 50 cats with diabetes and 100 cats with a history of dehydrational crises were examined ophthalmoscopically to determine presence of cataract...

..To determine the efficacy of a topical antioxidant formulation including N-acetyl carnosine in the treatment of canine cataract in a preliminary nonplacebo, controlled, unmasked study...

..To evaluate the signalment, clinical signs, and etiopathogenesis of entropion in 50 cats...

..High levels of oxygen were demonstrated in samples of aqueous from all fish but fish with affected eyes had a statistically significantly higher partial pressure of oxygen than did fish with normal eyes...

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..Here, ophthalmic conditions are reviewed in order to provide a survey of ocular disease in the rat both for veterinary ophthalmologists and for laboratory animal veterinarians and research workers...

..This study aimed to repeat the previous study and to compare the systemic effects of 2% cyclosporine in corn oil and 0.2% topical cyclosporine ointment (Optimmune, Intervet-Schering Plough, Welwyn, UK)...

..Surgical intervention ameliorated the clinical signs, allowing vision in one bird by removal of the nictitating membranes, a technique which appeared to have no deleterious effects on the ocular surface...

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..And yet it is hoped that it will have provided an interesting and informative (not to say exotic!) introduction to the important area of mycotic disease in exotic species...

..In this study 2000 dogs were examined ophthalmoscopically to determine presence of cataract...

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..To investigate the effects of age, weight, gender, and of time of day on tear production in normal dogs...

..To determine axial lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and axial globe length in canine eyes with normal lenses and in eyes with immature, mature, congenital, posterior polar and diabetic cataract...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of bovine freeze-dried amniotic membrane (FD-AM) (Amnisite-BA) in the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in dogs...

..This article discusses the welfare implications of the ocular conditions covered further in the following articles and how these affect treatment of these diseases...

..The study shows that even though aciclovir is generally considered to lack efficacy against ocular FHV-1 infection, when used frequently it can have a beneficial effect in FHV-1 conjunctivitis and keratitis...

..CPA plans to introduce these standards in the UK in 2003 following extensive consultation with professional bodies, piloting in selected laboratories, and training of assessors...

..Cicatritial retinal lesions were not associated with high titres of antibodies to Toxoplasma species. The findings correlate with those observed in human beings with eye injuries due to high-speed blunt trauma...

..A proportion of these fish were subsequently sacrificed to allow post mortem ocular evaluation with the aim of correlating ultrasonographic findings with intraocular pathological defects...

..This study aimed to measure tear production in dogs with diabetes, hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism using the Schirmer tear test and to compare these results with Schirmer tear test values for a group of normal dogs...

..Histopathological examination showed the mass to be a lipoma. The dog recovered uneventfully from surgery, and no recurrence has been noted after 12 months...

..These results show that use of punctal plugs in dogs with KCS may be appropriate where other lacrimomimetic medications have been unsuccessful...

..The otters with dysplastic retinas had significantly lower concentrations of vitamin A and higher concentrations of dieldrin than the otters with normal retinas...

..This study highlights Prx proteins as essential parasite proteins and potential new targets for anti-schistosome drug development and albumin as a novel, sacrificial oxidant scavenging protein in parasite redox regulation...

..These results suggest that TLR2 is a new target of ischemic preconditioning in the brain and preconditioning with a TLR2 specific ligand will protect the brain from I/R injury...

..These results are consistent with the existence of more than one type of apolipoprotein binding site on SR-BI...

..These data also suggest that modulation of TLR4/PI3K/Akt-dependent signaling pathways may be a viable strategy for reducing myocardial I/R injury...

..We hypothesized that activation of PI3K/Akt signalling plays a critical role in LPS-induced cardioprotection...

..We propose that Prx activates macrophages as an initial step in the induction of Th2 responses by helminth parasites and is thereby a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern...

..These data suggest that activation of TLR4 signaling contributes to ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death. In addition, these data suggest that modulation of TLR4 signaling may attenuate ischemic injury in hippocampal neurons...

..Our goal was to investigate the potential of a unique, selenium-containing parasite enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) as a drug target...

..These effects are consistent with the hypothesis that allosteric potentiation of mGluR5 may provide a novel approach for development of antipsychotic agents...

..Our results suggest that NF-kappaB activation is required for the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and that NF-kappaB could be an important target for inhibiting the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo...

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..This is the first example of an organism with a redox system based exclusively on thioredoxin glutathione reductase...

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..This suggests that stimulation of the PI3K pathway may be an effective approach for preventing or treating sepsis and/or septic shock...

..To determine whether there was a correlation between induction of polymicrobial sepsis, modulation of tissue Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene, and protein expression and survival outcome...

..It may also be useful as a nonlabeled competitor or as a radioligand in autoradiographic studies of oxytocin receptor localization in these tissues...

..These studies show that glucan phosphate treatment attenuates burn-induced inflammation and increases resistance to P. aeruginosa burn wound infection in an experimental model of burn injury...

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..The systematic identification of T-cell-sensitising egg components will lead to a better understanding of the processes involved in granuloma formation...

..GP administration also activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, decreases myocardial MIF expression, and reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis...

..Thus, manipulation of the endogenous PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may represent a new and novel therapeutic approach to management of important diseases...

..e. glucan phosphate, in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)...

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..Similar results were observed in aortic-banding-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Our results suggest that both NFkappaB activation and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway participate in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo...

..The results demonstrate that both inhibition of the NFkappaB activation pathway and activation of the Akt signaling pathway may be responsible for the protective effect of transfection of dominant negative MyD88...

..Blockade of MyD88 significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and improved cardiac function in vivo...

..The reduced V(max) for HDL CE-selective uptake likely contributes to the severe reduction in CE accumulation in steroidogenic cells of apoA-I(-/-) mice...