Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those withoutMarcus C de Goffau
Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Diabetes 62:1238-44. 2013
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Is the origin of type 1 diabetes in the gut?Outi Vaarala
Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Immunol Cell Biol 90:271-6. 2012
..Thus, the interventions, aiming to prevent or treat type 1 diabetes in humans, should be targeting the gut immune system...
- The gut as a regulator of early inflammation in type 1 diabetes
Outi Vaarala
Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 18:241-7. 2011
..This review discusses the recent research on these mechanisms, which may reveal novel pathogenic pathways and new possibilities for prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D)...
- Enhanced levels of cow's milk antibodies in infancy in children who develop type 1 diabetes later in childhood
Kristiina Luopajarvi
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Pediatr Diabetes 9:434-41. 2008
..Early exposure to cow's milk (CM) proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D)...
- Dietary intervention in infancy and later signs of beta-cell autoimmunity
Mikael Knip
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
N Engl J Med 363:1900-8. 2010
..We tested the hypothesis that supplementing breast milk with highly hydrolyzed milk formula would decrease the cumulative incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in such children...
- Combined T regulatory cell and Th2 expression profile identifies children with cow's milk allergy
Emma M Savilahti
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Clin Immunol 136:16-20. 2010
..The expression profile of both Th2- and T regulatory cell-related genes thus reflects the clinical activity of CMA. Tolerance, in contrast, is not characterized by activation of circulating T regulatory cells...
- Human leukocyte antigen (DR1)-DQB1*0501 and (DR15)-DQB1*0602 haplotypes are associated with humoral responses to early food allergens in children
Emma M Savilahti
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 152:169-77. 2010
..We evaluated whether genes with immunological functions, i.e. human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II, the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and filaggrin, modulate immune responses to dietary antigens...
- Characterization of the humoral immune response to islet antigen 2 in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Anna Mäkinen
Scientific Laboratory, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Biomedicum I, PO Box 63, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Eur J Endocrinol 159:19-26. 2008
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Dietary insulin as an immunogen and tolerogenMinna Tiittanen
Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, Laboratory for Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 17:538-43. 2006
..However, our results in infants who developed beta-cell autoimmunity suggest that in this subgroup of children breast milk insulin does not promote tolerance...
- Intestinal cytokine mRNA expression in delayed-type cow's milk allergy
Laura Paajanen
Foundation for Nutrition Research, Helsinki, Finland
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 43:470-6. 2006
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- Cow milk is not responsible for most gastrointestinal immune-like syndromes--evidence from a population-based study
Laura Paajanen
Foundation for Nutrition Research, Helsinki, Finland
Am J Clin Nutr 82:1327-35. 2005
..CONCLUSIONS: In an unselected cohort of young adults, 8% reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms. The finding of immunologic activity implied the existence of a food-related gastrointestinal syndrome but not one induced by CM...
- IL-17 immunity in human type 1 diabetes
Jarno Honkanen
Immune Response Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
J Immunol 185:1959-67. 2010
..Our findings highlight the role of IL-17 immunity in the pathogenesis of human T1D and point to a potential therapeutic strategy...
- Early human enterovirus infections in healthy Swedish children participating in the PRODIA pilot study
Marja Leena Simonen-Tikka
Intestinal Viruses Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
J Med Virol 84:923-30. 2012
..Also it was shown that serotypes belonging to HEV-A species can be detected by means of viral culturing...
- Poor in vitro induction of FOXP3 and ICOS in type 1 cytokine environment activated T-cells from children with type 1 diabetes
Jarno Honkanen
Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 24:635-41. 2008
..We set out to study whether an impaired induction of regulatory mechanisms during the generation of T-cell responses upon stimulation is associated with T1D...
- Pre and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of food allergy
Erkki Savilahti
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 8:243-8. 2008
..The interest in modulating commensal bacterial flora with prebiotics and probiotics to prevent and treat food allergy has multiplied in recent years...
- Expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes
Kristiina Luopajarvi
Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Pediatr Diabetes 13:400-7. 2012
..Reduced risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported in the offspring of mothers with T1D when compared with children of affected fathers...
- In Crohn's Disease, Anti-TNF-α Treatment Changes the Balance between Mucosal IL-17, FOXP3, and CD4 Cells
Veera Hölttä
Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
ISRN Gastroenterol 2012:505432. 2012
..05). Conclusions. TNF-α-blocking agents improved intestinal balance between IL-17(+) T-effector and regulatory T cells, although intestinal IL-17 upregulation remained elevated...
- Reduced CCR4, interleukin-13 and GATA-3 up-regulation in response to type 2 cytokines of cord blood T lymphocytes in infants at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes
Kristiina Luopajarvi
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Immunology 121:189-96. 2007
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- Few associations between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and environmental factors in 4.5-year-old children
Kirsi Mustonen
Environmental Health Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 23:522-8. 2012
..Our aim was to examine the effects of different environmental factors on low-grade inflammation measured with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at the age of 4.5 years...
- Increased activation of GATA-3, IL-2 and IL-5 of cord blood mononuclear cells in infants with IgE sensitization
Emma Marschan
The Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 19:132-9. 2008
..The immune deviation towards Th2-type immunity developed already in utero and seemed to modulate the pattern of immune response favoring an IgE response to environmental antigens...
- Serum immune-activation potency and response to anti-TNF-α therapy in Crohn's disease
Hanne Rintamäki
Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN 00029, Finland
World J Gastroenterol 16:5845-51. 2010
..To study whether immune-activation stage in serum of adult Crohn's disease (CD) patients correlates with disease activity and with treatment response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy...
- Altered phenotype of peripheral blood dendritic cells in pediatric type 1 diabetes
Janne K Nieminen
Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Diabetes Care 35:2303-10. 2012
..Altered numbers of blood DCs have been reported in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed at characterizing the less well-known phenotypic properties of DCs in T1D...
- Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on rBet v1 and rMal d1 specific IgA in the saliva of patients with birch pollen allergy
Laura Piirainen
National Public Health Institute, Laboratory for Immunobiology, Helsinki, Finland
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 100:338-42. 2008
..Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has demonstrated promising results in the treatment and prevention of atopic eczema...
- Variation in enterovirus receptor genes
Ase Karttunen
Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
J Med Virol 70:99-108. 2003
..In conclusion, both synonymous and nonsynonymous sequence variability of genes coding for enterovirus and rhinovirus receptors was shown to occur, but no pattern directly specific for type 1 diabetes was found. =..
- IL-23/IL-17 immunity as a hallmark of Crohn's disease
Veera Hölttä
Laboratory for Immunobiology, Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Inflamm Bowel Dis 14:1175-84. 2008
..We studied the balance between ileal T-effector cells versus T-regulatory cells in active and inactive Crohn's disease (CD)...
- Increased IFN-gamma secretion from duodenal biopsy samples in delayed-type cow's milk allergy
Laura Paajanen
Foundation for Nutrition Research, PO Box 30, FIN 00039 Valio, Helsinki, Finland
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 16:439-44. 2005
..059). In conclusion, the children with delayed CMA showed up-regulation of IFN-gamma. Interestingly, TGF-beta secretion was up-regulated in those children with delayed CMA who avoided CM suggesting recovery of regulation mechanisms...
- Enterovirus infection and activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Salla Saijets
Enterovirus Laboratory, National Public Health Institute KTL, Helsinki, Finland
J Med Virol 70:430-9. 2003
..In contrast, human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was not increased by virus infection...
- New means to monitor the effect of glucocorticoid therapy in children
Hanne Rintamäki
Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Box 281, Helsinki, FIN 00029, Finland
World J Gastroenterol 16:1104-9. 2010
..To study the individual effects of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy on the state of immune activation in patient serum...
- AS03 adjuvanted AH1N1 vaccine associated with an abrupt increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy in Finland
Hanna Nohynek
Department of Vaccines and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
PLoS ONE 7:e33536. 2012
..A sudden increase in childhood narcolepsy was observed in Finland soon after pandemic influenza epidemic and vaccination with ASO3-adjuvanted Pandemrix. No increase was observed in other age groups...
- Immunologic activity in the small intestinal mucosa of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
Mia Westerholm-Ormio
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Diabetes 52:2287-95. 2003
..Our study supports the hypothesis that a link exists between the gut immune system and type 1 diabetes...
- Anti-insulin activity in IgG-fractions from children with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes and negative for insulin autoantibodies
Minna Tiittanen
Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Autoimmunity 37:45-9. 2004
..Our results suggest that formation of immune complexes results in false negative results in tests for IAA but not for GADA...
- Aire deficient mice do not develop the same profile of tissue-specific autoantibodies as APECED patients
Nora Pöntynen
Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
J Autoimmun 27:96-104. 2006
..This study indicates that spontaneous induction of tissue-specific autoantibodies similar to APECED does not occur in the rodent model suggesting differences in the immunopathogenic mechanisms between mice and men...
- The "perfect storm" for type 1 diabetes: the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota, gut permeability, and mucosal immunity
Outi Vaarala
Laboratory for Immunobiology, Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Diabetes 57:2555-62. 2008
..Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between these factors and raise testable hypotheses that form a fertile area for future investigations as to the role of the gut in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 1 diabetes...
- Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes
Mikael Knip
Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, P O Box 281, FI 00029 Huch, Helsinki, Finland
Diabetes 54:S125-36. 2005
..Accordingly, progression to clinical type 1 diabetes typically requires the unfortunate combination of genetic disease susceptibility, a diabetogenic trigger, and a high exposure to a driving antigen...
- Leaking gut in type 1 diabetes
Outi Vaarala
Laboratory for Immunobiology, Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24:701-6. 2008
..This review discusses the recent research linking the gut and type 1 diabetes, which may reveal novel pathogenic pathways and new possibilities for disease prevention...
- Finnish Allergy Programme 2008-2018--time to act and change the course
T Haahtela
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Allergy 63:634-45. 2008
..The current dogma of allergen avoidance has not proved effective in halting the 'epidemic', and it is the Finnish consensus that restoring and strengthening tolerance should more be in focus...
- Enterovirus infection may induce humoral immune response reacting with islet cell autoantigens in humans
Taina Härkönen
Enterovirus Laboratory, National Public Health Institute KTL, Helsinki, Finland
J Med Virol 69:426-40. 2003
..In conclusion, enteroviruses may induce immune responses that react with islet cell autoantigens, which is a concern when a putative inactivated enterovirus vaccine is considered...
