C J Zeiss

..As poor design is the most common reason why studies fail to yield enduring results, emphasis is placed on reduction of bias, sampling, controlled study design, and appropriate statistical analysis...

..These include scleral cartilage, double cones and cone droplets. In the platypus, as in other mammals, rod rhodopsin is the predominant photoreceptor pigment, at expense of the cone system...

..Finally, the article gives an overview of spontaneous and induced nonhuman primate models and describes relevant mouse models in the context of each pathogenetic mechanism...

..These lesions are consistent with signaling defects in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Genetic and toxic causes of sonic hedgehog signaling defects are discussed...

..The immunohistochemical data suggest that they arise from Müller cells. Association of lentoids with retinal damage supports the assertion that they arise following disruption of normal cell-cell communication...

..Finally, we review mouse models of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, as well as those genetically altered mice that elucidate aspects of dopamine metabolism and receptor function...

..These changes were more marked in rcd-1 retinas than in wild-type retinas. This implies that the consequences of CNTF treatment may be substantially influenced by the cellular context into which it is introduced...

..This in turn, may arise from new vessels associated with epiretinal or preiridial membranes, or hemorrhage associated with optic disc cupping or retinal neovascularization. All of these phenomena may accompany glaucoma...

..Studies of cell cycle proteins in other models of neuronal death provide consistent evidence that a repertoire of proliferative markers accompanies apoptosis...

..Its activation has been demonstrated in rodent models of photoreceptor degeneration and its ablation results in exencephaly and neonatal death...

..An understanding of the physiologic conditions that influence these decisions is required to adequately prevent, or induce, cell death...

..The history and morphologic features of feline ocular sarcomas are reminiscent of feline vaccine-induced sarcomas. These tumors may share pathophysiologic similarities unique to this species...

..Possible factors contributing to the hypotensive episode in this case included the addition of xylazine to ketamine and atropine in the preanesthetic medication, positioning during anesthesia, and decreased blood pressure during surgery...

..To our knowledge, this report represents the first documented case of a naturally occurring intracranial aneurysm in nonhuman primates...

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..In addition, co-infection of these mice with H. hepaticus results in alterations in the pathogenesis of MHV-G infection...

..Their striatal gene expression patterns are consistent with dopaminergic denervation, and change over time, despite relatively unaltered motor performance...

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..RPE65. The potential value of foveal treatment for LCA and other retinal degenerations warrants further research into how to achieve gene transfer without retinal injury from surgical detachment of the retina...

..5-log unit range of vector doses proved efficacious. The efficacy and toxicity limits defined in this study lead to suggestions for the design of a subretinal AAV-2/2.RPE65 human trial of RPE65-associated LCA...

..Colin Barnstable, Professor of Neurobiology and Ophthalmology, who is an internationally recognized molecular biologist using mouse models of retinal development and degeneration. ..