Research Topics
| R G ShulmanSummaryAffiliation: Yale University Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
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Detail Information
Publications
Baseline brain energy supports the state of consciousnessRobert G Shulman
Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:11096-101. 2009....- Cerebral energetics and the glycogen shunt: neurochemical basis of functional imagingR G Shulman
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:6417-22. 2001..Although the OGI changes during activation, the energies required per neurotransmitter release (neuronal) and clearance (glial) are constant over a wide range of brain activity... 
Glycogen turnover forms lactate during exerciseRobert G Shulman
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, MR Research Center, New Haven, CT 06520 8043, USA
Exerc Sport Sci Rev 33:157-62. 2005..In this model, contributions to fatigue should be looked for in the flux of glucose through glycogen rather than in the concentrations of fuel...- The "glycogen shunt" in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigueR G Shulman
Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:457-61. 2001..The model provides a possible mechanism for muscle fatigue, suggesting that at low but nonzero glycogen concentrations, there is not enough glycogen to supply millisecond energy needs... - 13C NMR of intermediary metabolism: implications for systemic physiologyR G Shulman
Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
Annu Rev Physiol 63:15-48. 2001..These results demonstrate how intermediary metabolism serves to connect biochemistry with systemic physiology when measured and analyzed by in vivo NMR methods... - Functional imaging studies: linking mind and basic neuroscienceR G Shulman
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8024, USA
Am J Psychiatry 158:11-20. 2001..Functional imaging signals arise from changes in the neurophysiological parameters of glucose and oxygen consumption mediated by blood flow... - Biophysical basis of brain activity: implications for neuroimagingRobert G Shulman
Magnetic Resonance Center for Research in Metabolism and Physiology, Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Q Rev Biophys 35:287-325. 2002..These biophysical experiments have established relationships between energy consumption and neuronal activity that provide novel insights into the nature of brain function and the interpretation of fMRI data... - Cerebral metabolism and consciousnessRobert G Shulman
Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
C R Biol 326:253-73. 2003.... - A BOLD search for baselineRobert G Shulman
Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance QNMR and Magnetic Resonance Research Center MRRC, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Neuroimage 36:277-81. 2007.... - Lactate efflux and the neuroenergetic basis of brain functionR G Shulman
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 8024, USA
NMR Biomed 14:389-96. 2001.... - Functional energy metabolism: in vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy evidence for coupling of cerebral glucose consumption and glutamatergic neuronalactivityN R Sibson
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, Newhaven, Conn, USA
Dev Neurosci 20:321-30. 1998..These findings bear upon a number of hypotheses concerning the neurophysiological basis of brain functional imaging methods... - In vivo 13C NMR measurements of cerebral glutamine synthesis as evidence for glutamate-glutamine cyclingN R Sibson
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8043, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:2699-704. 1997.... - Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activityN R Sibson
Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:316-21. 1998..Another implication of this result is that brain activation studies, which map cortical oxidative Glc metabolism, provide a quantitative measure of synaptic glutamate release... - In vivo (13)C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain duringN R Sibson
Departments of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
J Neurochem 76:975-89. 2001..These findings indicate that anaplerotic glutamine synthesis is coupled to nitrogen removal from the brain (ammonia detoxification) under hyperammonemic conditions... - NMR of glycogen in exerciseT B Price
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Nutr Soc 58:851-9. 1999..The present review focuses on basic 13C NMR and gives results from selected studies... - Flux control in the rat gastrocnemius glycogen synthesis pathway by in vivo 13C/31P NMR spectroscopyJ R Chase
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280:E598-607. 2001..03 mM) effects a supralinear increase in the in vitro velocity of GSase, from 14.6 to 26.1 mU. kg(-1). min(-1) (1.8-fold). All measurements suggest that the majority of the flux control of muscle glycogen synthesis is at the GT/Hk step... - Dynamic mapping at the laminar level of odor-elicited responses in rat olfactory bulb by functional MRIX Yang
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:7715-20. 1998..With further improvement, BOLD fMRI should be ideal for systematic analysis of the functional significance of individual glomeruli in olfactory information encoding and of spatiotemporal processing within the olfactory system... - Total neuroenergetics support localized brain activity: implications for the interpretation of fMRIFahmeed Hyder
Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:10771-6. 2002..The disregard of baseline activity in fMRI experiments by differencing removes a large and necessary component of the total activity. Implications of these results for understanding brain function and fMRI experiments are discussed... - In vivo NMR studies of the glutamate neurotransmitter flux and neuroenergetics: implications for brain functionDouglas L Rothman
Magnetic Resonance Center for Research in Metabolism and Physiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
Annu Rev Physiol 65:401-27. 2003..Here we review and discuss the importance of neurotransmission and neuroenergetics as measured by (13)C MRS for understanding brain function and interpreting fMRI... - Neuronal-glial glucose oxidation and glutamatergic-GABAergic functionFahmeed Hyder
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:865-77. 2006..The relationship observed between DeltaCMR(glc(ox), N) and DeltaV(cyc(tot)) is determined by glial glycolytic ATP as before. Quantitative aspects of the model, which can be tested by experimentation, are discussed... - The contribution of GABA to glutamate/glutamine cycling and energy metabolism in the rat cortex in vivoAnant B Patel
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:5588-93. 2005..The contribution of GABAergic neurons and inhibition to cortical energy metabolism has broad implications for the interpretation of functional imaging signals... - Coupling of glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation over the entire range of cerebral cortex activityAnant B Patel
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:452-3. 2003 - Cerebral pyruvate carboxylase flux is unaltered during bicuculline-seizuresAnant B Patel
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208043, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
J Neurosci Res 79:128-38. 2005..2004b)... - Energetic basis of brain activity: implications for neuroimagingRobert G Shulman
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Trends Neurosci 27:489-95. 2004..MRS and fMRI experiments show that the majority of cerebral activity, which is often disregarded in imaging experiments, is ongoing even when the brain appears to be doing nothing... - Glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activationAnant B Patel
Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 24:972-85. 2004..These results indicate that neuronal glucose oxidation and not total glucose utilization is coupled to the glutamate/glutamine cycle during intense cortical activation... - Cerebral energetics and spiking frequency: the neurophysiological basis of fMRIArien J Smith
Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:10765-70. 2002..Because DeltaCMR(O2)/CMR(O2) had the same high spatial and temporal resolutions of the fMRI signal, these results show how BOLD imaging, when converted to DeltaCMR(O2)/CMR(O2), responds to localized changes in neuronal spike frequency... - Metabolic and functional consequences of inhibiting adenosine deaminase during renal ischemia in ratsM E Stromski
Department of Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
J Clin Invest 82:1694-9. 1988..Inhibition of adenosine deaminase during ischemia results in a injury similar to that seen after a shorter period of insult... - Spectroscopic contributions to the understanding of hemoglobin function: implications for structural biologyR G Shulman
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
IUBMB Life 51:351-7. 2001..Rather, thermodynamic and kinetic data from a variety of spectroscopic studies have played the central role in establishing the MWC model for hemoglobin... - Protein phosphorylation can regulate metabolite concentrations rather than control flux: the example of glycogen synthaseJames R A Schafer
Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:1485-90. 2004..The importance of this role for enzymatic phosphorylation to diabetes pathology is discussed, and its general applicability is suggested... - Assessment and discrimination of odor stimuli in rat olfactory bulb by dynamic functional MRIF Xu
Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Neurology, and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:10601-6. 2000..Whereas qualitative topographical agreement was observed with results from other methods, the current dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI results can provide quantitative SAPs of the entire OB... - "Willed action": a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor taskF Hyder
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:6989-94. 1997..Similar modality linked activations can be observed in the original PET study but the greater resolution of the fMRI data makes the modality linkages more definite... - Energetics of neuronal signaling and fMRI activityNatasja J G Maandag
Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:20546-51. 2007..We discuss implications for interpreting fMRI data where stimulus-specific DeltaCMR(O2) is generally small compared with baseline CMR(O2)...
Research Grants
- NMR STUDIES OF METABOLISM AND REGULATION IN CELLSRobert Shulman; Fiscal Year: 1990..Once the contributions to saturation transfer of these individual exchange reactions have been identified, S.T. experiment will be conducted under various conditions to obtain kinetic information about yeast cellular metabolism...
- NMR STUDIES OF METABOLISM AND REGULATION IN CELLSRobert Shulman; Fiscal Year: 1993..Spectroscopic improvements in signal to noise and spectral localization will be developed for the rat brain on a 7.OT Biospec Spectrometer...
- ODOR MAPS IN OLFACTORY BULB BY FMRIRobert Shulman; Fiscal Year: 2001..The understanding of the odor-induced responses in the olfactory bulb to different chemicals holds promise for the eventual preventio and treatment of chemosensory disorders. ..
- BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF RAT BRAIN BY IN VIVO NMRRobert Shulman; Fiscal Year: 1999..A coherent study of brain activation, glucose and oxygen consumption and flux control by hexokinase is proposed that can be accomplished in the rat and will answer questions about the energetics of rat and human cerebral metabolism. ..
- BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF RAT BRAIN BY IN VIVO NMRRobert Shulman; Fiscal Year: 2004..In addition to testing the existing model, in which both neurons and glia participate, the research will investigate the role of glycogen, a molecule whose function has not previously been well understood. ..