James Poling

..No effective pharmacotherapies exist for cocaine dependence, although contingency management (CM) has demonstrated efficacy...

..These preliminary findings may point to potential therapeutic value of varenicline for smoking cessation in cocaine users maintained on methadone...

..Initial promising findings with genetic polymorphism, brain activation, and stress response have also been found and need to be replicated in future studies...

..The results indicate that neither citalopram nor citalopram augmented with bupropion were more effective than placebo in the treatment of opioid abuse...

..In particular, the effect of these medications on alcohol use outcomes and on specific psychiatric symptoms is still unknown in patients with the most common co-occurring disorder, major depression...

..These preliminary findings do not support the efficacy of BUPRO, in combination with BUPRE, for the concurrent treatment of opioid and tobacco addiction...

..Childhood abuse is an important predictor of ASPD. We examined 5-HTTLPR genotype and adverse childhood events (ACEs) as risk factors for ASPD in a SD sample...

..Risk loci in several populations have been identified with genetic linkage analysis. To date, there has been no published linkage study of AD focused on African Americans (AAs)...

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..019). We conclude that two independent CNR1 variants have significant interaction effects on risk for CD in EAs; they may also have effects on risk for CD in AAs...

..These results suggest that baseline cocaine urine results should be considered as stratifying variables in clinical trials for cocaine dependence...

..The CU+ patients showed a treatment effect of DMI. This DMI effect was significant in patients maintained on BUP but not on Meth...

..Nicotine dependence (ND) is costly to societies worldwide, moderately heritable, and genetically complex. Risk loci can be identified with genetic linkage analysis independent of prior physiological hypotheses...

..This study provides further evidence of a gene x environment effect of FKBP5 and childhood abuse on the risk for PTSD in AAs. Further study is required in other populations...

..These results are an initial step in identifying genes for opioid dependence on the basis of a genomewide investigation (i.e., a study not conditioned on prior physiological candidate-gene hypotheses)...

..Previous studies generally focused on its effect on depressive symptoms; little is known about its moderation of the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...

..008 <or= P <or= 0.060). The present study demonstrates that the ADH1A variation may contribute to the genetic component of variation in personality traits and SD...

..DMI and CM had independent and additive effects in facilitating cocaine-free urines in buprenorphine maintained patients. The antidepressant appeared to enhance responsiveness to CM reinforcement...

..We conclude that variation in KIBRA influences cognitive flexibility in a population-specific way, and that current smoking status moderates this effect...

..This hypothesis needs to be tested in prospective clinical trials...

..These results suggest that an efficacious maintenance dose is necessary for contingencies to be effective in facilitating both opioid and cocaine abstinence...

..Adverse childhood events (ACEs) are associated with negative health outcomes. We examined ACEs as risk factors for substance dependence (SD) and the mediating effects of mood and anxiety disorders on the relations between ACEs and SD risk...

..60 vs. 0.73; U=4837, p<.04). These preliminary findings do not support the efficacy of progesterone in male cocaine users. The efficacy of progesterone in female cocaine users remains to be determined in future studies...

..These findings support the safety of modafinil in combination with THC. The effects of modafinil in combination with a range of doses of THC need to be determined in future studies...

..Although preclinical studies support the contribution of the noradrenergic system activation in mediating the acute effects of amphetamines, these findings have not been followed up in clinical studies...

..While a recent clinical study has demonstrated the potential utility of topiramate for smoking cessation in alcohol-dependent smokers, the effects of topiramate on tobacco addiction have not been systematically examined in humans...

..These findings could account in part for differences in ND risk associated with these variants in AAs and EAs...

..This suggests that CM may help improve the potentially worse outcomes in opioid- and cocaine-dependent individuals with PTSD compared to those without PTSD. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1-9)...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone in alcohol-abusing schizophrenic patients...

..Cocaine dependence, which affects 2.5 million Americans annually, has no US Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy...

..How these enhanced subjective amphetamine responses affect cocaine use behavior remains to be determined in future clinical trials...

..These results suggest that isradipine attenuates and dextromethorphan enhances some of the behavioral effects of naloxone in opioid-dependent humans...

..g., sustained attention) in abstinent cocaine users. The potential efficacy of galantamine as a treatment for cocaine abuse needs to be further evaluated in clinical trials...

..These findings provide promising support for DCS combined with cue exposure therapy in attenuating conditioned reactivity to smoking cues...

..GABA medications, including tiagabine, are currently being evaluated in controlled clinical trials for the treatment of cocaine dependence...

..Whether the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline at 200 mg/day delays relapse in recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals...

..Naloxone attenuated D-cycloserine-induced increases in systolic blood pressure. These results suggest that D-cycloserine at doses up to 500 mg/70 kg may have some limited usefulness in relieving symptoms of opioid withdrawal...

..Disulfiram and naltrexone are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcoholism, but these agents have not been rigorously evaluated in dually diagnosed individuals...

..This study examined if environment (marriage) or genetics (a single SNP, CHRNA5*rs16969968) would moderate the correlation of personality with CD, ND and cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP) in African and European Americans (AAs, EAs)...

..The 'escalating CM' was eliminated during months 4-6 to assess any reduction in drug-free urines...

..Cocaine abuse has no established pharmacotherapy, but active immunotherapy with a cocaine vaccine shows promise as a therapeutic intervention...

..Future research should focus on resolving contradictions posed by previous studies, and patients who smoke cannabis should be counseled to wait several hours before driving, and avoid combining the two drugs...

..35 for membership in the "Moderate Cocaine and Opioid Abuse" cluster on chromosome 18. These results provide a basis for the identification of specific genes contributing to risk for these traits...

..Our findings support two dimensions in cocaine withdrawal symptoms with differential effects on cocaine dependence outcomes...

..Our study provides an initial substance dependence trait-specific blueprint of associated regions for future candidate gene studies...

..4) To investigate the role of modafinil-related improvements in memory, attention, impulse control and fatigue in mediating cocaine abstinence and treatment retention. ..

..4) To investigate the role of modafinil-related improvements in memory, attention, impulse control and fatigue in mediating cocaine abstinence and treatment retention. ..