Ismene Petrakis

..This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT00338962 and URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338962?term=desipramine+AND+alcohol+dependence+AND+depression&recr=Closed&rank=1...

..There are high rates of substance use disorders among veterans with mental illness. The highest rates of comorbidity occur among those with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia; and in post-VET veterans. ..

..The treatment implications will also be discussed...

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..Pharmacotherapeutic strategies should take into account the advantages and disadvantages of each medication. Future directions of pharmacotherapeutic options are also discussed...

..Patients treated with atypical antipsychotics achieved no greater improvement in substance-related outcomes that patients who were not...

..In particular, the effect of these medications on alcohol use outcomes and on specific psychiatric symptoms is still unknown in patients with the most common co-occurring disorder, major depression...

..Disulfiram and naltrexone are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcoholism, but these agents have not been rigorously evaluated in dually diagnosed individuals...

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..This study evaluated whether attenuation of serotonin synthesis via depletion of its precursor tryptophan reduces the magnitude of cue-induced craving for alcohol in recently abstinent alcoholic individuals...

..Although some research reports suggest antidepressants may be an effective treatment for alcohol dependence, their clinical use has been controversial...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone in alcohol-abusing schizophrenic patients...

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..The findings suggest that naltrexone and disulfiram can be safely and effectively used with patients who have comorbid diagnoses of Axis I and Axis II disorders...

..The finding that acamprosate had no negative effects on cognition is clinically relevant and reinforces previous reports that acamprosate can be used safely for alcohol reduction in this group of patients...

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..An overview of the serotonergic agents is also provided. Finally, future directions, including new medications and some clinical strategies that show promise but are not yet used extensively clinically, are mentioned...

..The main objective of this study was to characterize the interactive effects of acute intravenous (IV) alcohol and nicotine administration on behavior and cognition in healthy nonsmokers...

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..The objective of this study was to consider the possible role of personality trait of neuroticism and family history of alcoholism on the experience of pain and their role in the analgesic response to an ethanol challenge...

..The key element seems to be to ensure an adequate intervention for each disorder administered collaboratively...

..These results suggest that isradipine alone or in combination with naltrexone attenuates some of the physiological effects of cocaine...

..Heroin users had statistically similar striatal DA and brainstem and diencephalon 5-HT transporter availability compared with controls. No associations between transporter availability and heroin use characteristics were found...

..We hypothesized that beta(2)*-nAChR availability would be altered by alcohol in heavy drinking nonsmokers...

..Varenicline, a partial nicotinic agonist with high affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR receptor, reduced ethanol intake in rodents. We aimed to test whether varenicline would reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol craving in humans...

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..Thus, this study provided evidence that raising glycine levels accentuated the NMDA receptor antagonist-like effects of DCS and that alcohol-dependent patients showed tolerance to these DCS effects...

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..Therefore, it is timely to revisit the safety of subanesthetic doses of ketamine in experimental psychopharmacology studies...

..Reasons for this apparent sex-based response are not clear, but possible mechanisms worthy of greater study include differences in alcohol use by sex as well as differences in dopamine-mediated responses to cocaine and disulfiram...

..Adaptations in gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A))-benzodiazepine receptors contribute to the neurobiology of human alcohol dependence and withdrawal...

..The alterations in NMDA receptor function observed in recovering ethanol-dependent patients may have important implications for ethanol tolerance, ethanol dependence, and the treatment of alcoholism...

..Advances in molecular neuroscience, genetics, and neuroimaging provide new insights into the role of brain GABA systems in short- and long-term alcohol effects...

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..Overall, the data suggest that both the GABA-A and NMDA receptor systems modulate P3b and P3a. NMDA antagonism appears to lead to more varied effects on the neural correlates of novelty processing...

..This study's objective was to measure time-dependent cortical GABA levels with sobriety in ethanol-dependent patients with mild to moderate withdrawal severity, controlling for alcoholism-related neurotoxicity and smoking...

..The authors assessed whether the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine reduces cue-induced alcohol craving and produces ethanol-like subjective effects...

..Medications that increase synaptic noradrenaline should be used with care in opioid-dependent patients...

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..At the conclusion of training, applicants will be well suited for independent careers in translational or intervention research in the field of addiction. ..

..At the conclusion of training, applicants will be well suited for independent careers in translational research in the field of alcoholism. ..

..We will also evaluate smoking use outcomes and use this study as a platform to conduct future studies. This is the first study conducted to evaluate mecamylamine as a potential pharmacotherapeutic agent for alcohol dependence. ..

..We will also evaluate smoking use outcomes and use this study as a platform to conduct future studies. This is the first study conducted to evaluate mecamylamine as a potential pharmacotherapeutic agent for alcohol dependence. ..