A Paltiel

..To understand the impact of differences in participation rates between infected and uninfected individuals on estimates of the cost-effectiveness of HIV screening...

..An extensive literature supports expanded HIV screening in the United States. However, the question of whom to test and how frequently remains controversial...

..We sought to forecast clinical, epidemiologic, and economic outcomes of PrEP, taking into account uncertainties regarding efficacy, the risks of developing drug resistance and toxicity, behavioral disinhibition, and drug costs...

..This finding has profound implications for the FDA's approval process...

..The upcoming trial should resolve the clinical uncertainty surrounding some of these assumptions...

..Despite the growing scholarly acceptance of quantitative evaluation methods, modelers still struggle to define an appropriate role for their work at the decision-making level...

..The effect of expanded screening for HIV is unknown in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy...

..Disagreement exists among decision makers regarding the allocation of limited HIV patient care resources and, specifically, the comparative value of preventing opportunistic infections in late-stage disease...

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..A personal view of some key themes to be stressed in defining a vision for the field is presented...

..Even modestly effective HIV vaccines can confer enormous benefits in terms of HIV infections averted and decreased HIV prevalence. However, programs to reduce risk behavior may be important components of successful vaccination campaigns...

..To understand the importance of source of care and other factors that influence differences in asthma medication use by race and Hispanic ethnicity...

..Older adults with shorter life expectancies may receive less benefit from colorectal cancer screening than younger, healthier patients...

..Other state characteristics, such as poverty rates or racial/ethnic diversity, play a much smaller role...

..Our objective was to evaluate the capability of preoperative information to predict APM outcomes in OA...

..In settings where HIV screening policies are not in place, however, the implementation of RPS can be expected to significantly reduce pediatric HIV cases and net health care expenditures...

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..02). In the latter, despite statistical significance, the association was not substantial or clinically important. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients referred for cardiac valve surgery, age does not appear to limit the QOL benefits of surgery...

..Our analysis provides a simple framework within which competing considerations of disease epidemiology, worker productivity, and economic cost may be weighed...

..The objective of this analysis was to examine the association between FEV1% and future risk of exacerbations among a well-characterized population of children with asthma...

..Cost-effectiveness analysis would offer a more informed basis for distribution of ADAP resources in an efficient and equitable manner, leading to a standardized national structure...

..Adherence interventions with modest effectiveness are likely to provide long-term survival benefit to patients and to be cost-effective compared with other uses of HIV care funds...

..We sought to determine the likely health outcomes and cost shifts attributable to this copayment increase using the example of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use among adult asthmatic Medicaid beneficiaries...

..Only 33% of eligible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in South Africa receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to estimate the impact of alternative ART scale-up scenarios on patient outcomes from 2007-2012...

..quot; In TMP/SMX-intolerant patients, dapsone is more cost-effective than atovaquone...

..The effects of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) preparations on bone health have been debated. Multiple analyses have been published examining the question, with mixed results...

..To explore the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection...

..Using the example of HIV testing, the authors explore the optimal targeting of funds within this pathway...

..91 months (cost-effectiveness ratio US$ 45,500/QALY). Even modestly effective therapeutic HIV vaccines may produce small but meaningful increases in life expectancy and compare favorably to alternative uses of scarce HIV care resources...

..To estimate the treatment and health care costs of HIV infection or AIDS in France during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

..Guidelines regarding the frequency of CD4 cell count and HIV RNA monitoring in HIV-infected patients vary, with recommended strategies ranging from every 2 to every 6 months...

..Our objective was to evaluate the clinical effect and cost-effectiveness of current guidelines and of alternate HIV prevalence thresholds...

..Functional relationships between FEV(1) percent predicted and asthma-related symptoms can be useful for inferring the effect on the symptoms of a population associated with overall improvements in lung function...

..International guidelines have been developed to guide medical management according to asthma severity defined by lung function and symptom frequency...

..Clinical practice guidelines for asthma care emphasize the use of objective measures of asthma severity, and yet little data exist on the relationship between FEV(1) and asthma outcomes over long-term follow-up...

..Given the high acquisition cost of omalizumab, its role and cost-effectiveness in disease management require definition...

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..However, the potential reduction in secondary transmission associated with ART may be offset by the longer duration of infectiousness...

..These results can assist decision makers and those planning clinical trials in defining evidence-based performance measures for primary HIV infection treatment and future trials...

..S. citizens with unidentified HIV infection...

..Because of the high cost of ENF compared with other antiretroviral agents, our objectives were to determine the potential long-term clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of ENF in these patients...

..The findings of this study should be used to counsel infertile patients with varicocele that immediate IVF is not cost-effective...

..As widespread adoption of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) reaches its tenth year, our objective was to quantify the cumulative survival benefits of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) care in the United States...

..This article reviews the methods and results of cost-effectiveness studies in the United States and articulates why routine, voluntary HIV testing is not only of crucial public health importance but also economically justified...

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..During the initial funding cycle of this project, we have demonstrated our potential to exert an equally profound impact in the area of HIV testing and prevention policy. ..

..Our aim, in the present proposal, is to exert an equally profound impact on priority setting in HIV testing and prevention. ..

..Cloutier), biostatistical analysis (Dr. Kuntz), and simulation modeling and economic evaluation (Dr. Paltiel) to explore cost-effective solutions to the asthma epidemic. ..

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