Irvin Modlin

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..In addition, the clinical rationale of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies will be examined, providing a logical basis for the formulation of appropriate management strategies for patient care...

..The overarching requirement for best management of patients with NETs is to ensure that they have ready access to experienced multidisciplinary clinician groups located within centres of appropriate subspecialty expertise...

..We hypothesized that detection of CgA mRNA transcripts would be a more sensitive method of detecting these metastases...

..Given the role of internexin alpha (INA) in neuronal development, the authors assessed its function in neuroendocrine cell systems and the clinical implications of its expression as a GEP-NEN biomarker...

..This results in alterations in 5-HT production and secretion and identifies that the chemomechanosensory role of EC cells extends to oxygen sensing...

..Elucidation of the precise biology of a gastric NET is critical to diagnosis and delineation of a type-specific management strategy...

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..The keystone of current therapy remains the long-acting somatostatin analogues that alleviate symptomatology and substantially improve quality of life with minimal adverse effects...

..GISTs share similar expression patterns with Type III/IV GCs but have decreased CgA. MTA1 is a marker of tumor invasion...

..We sought to examine if there has been an increase in gastric carcinoid incidence time correlative with these parameters...

..Gastric carcinoids, however, can be managed initially by endoscopic excision of accessible tumours, followed by regular endoscopic surveillance...

..Overall 5-year survival for carcinoids of the appendix is 98%, gastric (types I/II) is 81%, rectum is 87%, small intestinal is 60%, colonic carcinoids is 62%, and gastric type III/IV is 33%...

..Whether this phenomenon is common to small intestinal carcinoid tumors was investigated...

..25% of all malignancies; their incidence is increasing by approximately 6% per year. The present review provides an overview on neuroendocrine tumors and focuses on general features and current diagnostic and therapeutic options...

..Progress is unlikely to occur without development of centers of excellence, with dedicated combined clinical teams to coordinate multicentre studies, maintain clinical and tissue databases, and refine molecularly targeted therapeutics...

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..This review provides a broad overview on BP-NETs and focuses on the evolution of the disease, general features, and current diagnostic and therapeutic options...

..Luminal EC cell regulation is likely to be as important as G cell regulation in gastric acid secretion; development of agents to target EC cell function is therefore a critical therapeutic goal...

..In addition, we have provided more current mechanistic information in regard to the biological basis of fibrosis associated with small bowel carcinoid tumors...

..1 nM EGF. Thus, we demonstrated that DNA methylation status is affected by EGF-stimulation with alteration of cell biological character...

..Familiarity with such unusual sites of origin will facilitate appropriate recognition and characterization of such tumors, allowing for timely intervention...

..We examined patterns, incidence, prognosis, and outcomes of these tumors over a 30-yr period...

..On the basis of the evolution of genetic information, enteric neuroendocrine lesions (carcinoids) and PETs may need to be classified as two distinct entities rather than grouped together as the single entity "GEP-NETs."..

..DIAGNOSIS: Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors occurring concomitantly with ileal carcinoids. MANAGEMENT: Gastric-wedge resection and segmental resection...

..The ability to determine the malignant potential of these tumors and their propensity to metastasize provides a biological rationale for the management of carcinoids and may have prognostic utility...

..The use of this sensitive strategy to assess NETs and apparently normal LNs and liver may be of future utility in defining therapeutic strategy...

..It also serves to memorialize the extraordinary accomplishments of Oberndorfer, whose vision exceeded his times...

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..The authors postulated that a similar mechanism occurred during the malignant evolution of small bowel carcinoid tumors...

..To use differential gene expression of candidate markers to discriminate benign appendiceal carcinoids (APCs) from malignant and mixed cell APCs...

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..In particular, it is important to differentiate them from metastatic tumors from other sites...

..This exploration of his life and times seeks to give Oberndorfer his well-deserved place in the pantheon of pathology and memorialize his unique observations that led to the discovery of the carcinoid tumor...

..As Theodor Billroth, the greatest of the surgical innovators remarked: "An awareness of the past is necessary to comprehend the present, and without it no consideration of the future is possible."..

..A pre-operative determination of the neoplastic ECL cell gene expression relating to gastrin responsiveness will improve the rationale for therapeutic gastric or antral resection. ..

..This will provide novel biological information and provide molecular data to identify occult metastasis predict spread and facilitate preemptive appropriate therapy. ..

..This will provide novel biological information and provide molecular data to identify occult metastasis predict spread and facilitate preemptive appropriate therapy. ..