Paul Lombroso

..This comprehensive review discusses STEP expression and regulation and highlights how disrupted STEP function contributes to the pathophysiology of diverse neuropsychiatric disorders...

..Neurofibromatosis, Coffin-Lowry syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome are three examples of developmental disorders that have mutations in key components of the MAP kinase signaling pathway...

..Recent advances in research models are also reviewed in an attempt to clarify some of the molecular etiologies that lead to these disorders...

..Evidence gathered to date provides some insight into the physiological function of these PTPs in the nervous system. In this review, we outline what is currently known about the functional role of PTPs expressed in the brain...

..The data presented suggest that NGF regulates the expression of PC12-PTP1 during periods of neuronal growth and differentiation...

..For such families, child mental health professionals are uniquely suited to play a further role in research and treatment...

..The purpose of this large-scale prospective cohort study (n = 426) was to identify child and parent characteristics that are associated with low anxiety and good compliance during induction of anesthesia when parents are present...

..To date, no similar investigation has ever been conducted in young children...

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..An important interface between Drs. Lewis and Davis's work is how early experience, especially through early parenting, may set the threshold of responsiveness for these arousal regulatory neural systems...

..Multiple studies document the beneficial effect of midazolam on preoperative anxiety in children. Many clinicians report, however, that some children may in fact not benefit from the administration of this drug...

..We explored individual differences in EEG reactivity to determine whether it is positively or negatively correlated with BOLD across subjects...

..The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to expand previous research in this area by using a new objective technology...

..Exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution of error monitoring and learning efficiency, which was stable across repeated assessments...

..A theoretical model of interactive arousal systems is presented as one possibility for integrating the profile of apparent cocaine-related neurobehavioral impairments in infants and young children prenatally exposed to cocaine...

..g., children nested within families). Findings are consistent with an attachment perspective on parenting suggesting that the internal psychological processes of a parent play a critical role in the continuity of parenting...

..49). We conclude that the presence of a calm parent does benefit an anxious child during induction of anesthesia and the presence of an overly anxious parent has no benefit...

..When sequential analyses are conducted and target behaviors are identified, empirically based parent preparation programs can be developed...

..Results suggest that prenatally cocaine-exposed children show delayed developmental indices, particularly in their mental performance, but their trajectories across time are similar to those from impoverished, non-cocaine-exposed groups...

..Results suggest a possible impairment or restriction of emotional expression and regulation in the face of stress and/or maternal disengagement that is more common among cocaine-exposed children with their mothers...

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..These findings indicate that, for certain behaviorally relevant stimuli, a high-level cortical representation in IT is not required for object discrimination in the amygdala...

..IMPLICATIONS: Depending on the music therapist, interactive music therapy may relieve anxiety on separation and entrance to the operating room but appears less effective during the induction of anesthesia...

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..Also, parents' preference for medication or parental presence at the subsequent surgery was influenced by the child's anxiety at the initial surgery...

..The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) is associated with parental physiologic and behavioral manifestations of stress...

..007). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware that many mothers who have a high desire to be present in the operating room are very anxious and that their children are likely to exhibit high anxiety levels during induction of anesthesia...

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..We show preliminary feasibility data on this approach. A complementary set of experiments will study the STEP knock-out mouse that we predict is hypersensitive to stimulant treatment. ..

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..STEP knock-out mice will also be characterized. The proposed investigations will be done in the supportive environment of the Child Study Center with its commitment to cliniclaly informed basic science research. ..

..We will identify the physiological substrates of STEP, one of which is proposed to be the NMDA receptor. We will these these hypotheses using biochemical, molecular, and electrophysiological techniques. ..

..The proposed studies examine the molecular mechanisms that regulate STEP activity and will clarify how this important family of regulatory proteins are involved in synaptic plasticity, cell death, and human disease. ..