CHIANG SHAN LI

..Female and male substance abusers differ in their disease patterns and clinical outcomes. An important question in addiction neuroscience thus concerns the neural substrates underlying these sex differences...

..Overall, our results do not support the idea that hallucination results from an altered bias in the online processing of perceptual signals...

..This observation suggests a less efficient mechanism in temporal gating of attention and in processing rapidly changing visual stimuli in schizophrenia patients...

..These preliminary results suggest that the inhibitory attention mechanism subserving IOR is at least not fully compromised in ADHD children...

..The authors hypothesize that a slower closing of the attention gate may mediate this specific attention impairment in ADHD children...

..Here we further pursued this functional differentiation of preSMA and rIFC on the basis of an intra-subject approach...

..Altered ventromedial prefrontal activation and increased blood pressure may represent useful CNS and peripheral biomarkers in individualized treatment with methylphenidate for patients with cocaine dependence...

..Both stress and an alexithymic response to stress can contribute to relapse into drug abuse, but to our knowledge the neural processing of an alexithymic response to stress in cocaine-dependent individuals has not been examined...

..These results suggest that diminished performance monitoring can be a critical cognitive mechanism underlying impaired response inhibition in cocaine dependent patients...

..Men activated the motor circuitry while women appeared to involve visual association or habit learning during stop signal performance...

..These results suggest the importance of considering motor tics as voluntary rather than as involuntary...

..We discuss the relevance of these findings to developing a conceptual scheme to characterize and study the neurobiological basis of obsessive-compulsive and impulsive behaviors...

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..Relative hypoactivation of the rACC during response inhibition may represent a useful neural marker of difficulties in impulse control in abstinent cocaine-dependent men who are at risk of relapse...

..Further studies that examine the functional relationships of these neural systems will likely provide the key to understanding the mechanisms underlying compulsive drug use behaviors in psycho-stimulant dependence...

..These results delineate the neural circuitry specifically involved in error-associated behavioral modifications...

..Thus, fMRI delineated contrasting roles of the prefrontal-caudate and striato-thalamic activities in mediating motor response inhibition...

..The results also suggest that the relationship between error-related activity and post-error behavioral adjustment may be more complicated than has been conceptualized by the conflict monitoring hypothesis...

..These results thus delineated, for the first time, a neural analog of risk taking during stop signal performance, highlighting a novel aspect and broadening the utility of this behavioral paradigm...

..In particular, we examined the processes of risk taking and cognitive control as the neural endophenotypes of alcohol dependence...

..These findings support the hypothesis that heightened thalamic reactivity to salient stimuli co-occur with cocaine craving and loss of self control...

..These results highlight important sex differences in the association between antisocial personality and distress processing in cocaine-dependent individuals...

..These brain regions may represent the neural substrata of response inhibition independent of other cognitive and affective functions...

..Here we demonstrate that IOR can be observed in a temporal order saccade task where eye movement instead of manual response is used to select the target. The result suggests the importance of monitoring eye movement in studies of IOR...

..Here, we investigated whether these patients showed a similar deficit in another sensory modality. Specifically, we examined a subset of the schizophrenia patients in a visual task involving motion detection...

..Second, the three groups of subjects did not differ in the response bias. This latter finding provides evidence at odds with the 'self-monitoring' model of auditory hallucination...

..Taken together, these findings suggest impairment in temporal attention in adolescents with high impulsivity. As in ADHD children, a gating deficit may play a central role in this attention impairment...

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..The results suggest an abnormal cognitive control mechanism during affective processing in association with heavy cannabis use...

..This finding suggests that response readiness needs to be accounted for in examining response inhibition in a stop-signal task...

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..We discuss the implications of these results for attention gating of perceptual inputs and for mechanisms of visuomotor control...

..Most important, the speed with which eye fixation approached the target did not change as a result of learning. We discuss the general implications of these results for visual search...

..We show that neurons in SMA reflect the movement dynamics individually and as a population, and that their activity undergoes a variety of plastic changes when monkeys adapt to a new dynamic environment...

..The results gathered from the proposed projects will help us understand the "cocaine- dependent brain" and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients with cocaine dependence. ..

..The results gathered from the proposed projects will help us understand the "cocaine-dependent brain" and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients with cocaine dependence. ..