J N Grauer

..This maintained weight-bearing compliance after biofeedback training suggests that this method may be an effective way to train patients to comply with given instructions for limited weight bearing...

..Treatments are generally conservative, exercise-based interventions and alternative modalities may also be considered. Low back pain associated with pregnancy does generally resolve postpartum...

..Cervical disc arthroplasty is thus evolving as a potential alternative to fusion. Specific design characteristic and implants will be reviewed and outcomes summarized...

..However, despite an improved understanding of these facet dislocations with imaging, treatment remains controversial...

..However, uncertainty exists in the distinction between Type II and "shallow" Type III fractures. Moreover, fractures at the base of the odontoid (Anderson and D'Alonzo Type II) include a spectrum of injury patterns...

..Posterolateral lumbar fusions were performed in nicotine-exposed, New Zealand white rabbits. Animals that developed a pseudarthrosis were then regrafted with no graft, autograft, or osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1)...

..This small animal model has been advocated to minimize potential inflammatory responses to allogeneic or xenogenic proteins. Despite past experience, this model has not yet been well characterized...

..Questionnaires administered to practicing orthopedic and neurosurgical spine surgeons from various regions of the United States and abroad...

..Retrospective medical record review...

..An established rabbit intertransverse process lumbar fusion model was used to evaluate osteogenic protein (OP)-1 as a potential graft substitute...

..SafePath (Mekanika, Boca Raton, FL) is an alternative pedicle probe designed for pedicle cannulation. This is a blunt-tipped, nonaggressive drill that seeks the cancellous portion of the pedicle...

..CONCLUSION: Osteoinductive protein-1 was able to overcome the inhibitory effects of nicotine in a rabbit posterolateral spine fusion model, and to induce bony fusion reliably at 5 weeks...

..Study groups consisting of no graft, autograft, or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) or compression resistant matrix (CRM) were evaluated...

..This suggested that the rabbit lumbar spine has a greater laxity than that of the human...

..5 g trauma class, and this was less than the maximum physiological head extension of 55.1 (13.3) degrees. Head kinematics expressed in the T1 or shoulder coordinate system is better suited to study potential neck injury in whiplash...

..At this time, the proper indications for postoperative bracing are not well established...

..This rate was significantly higher than the fusion rate induced by autograft (38%). Overall, these results support continued research of Healos/rhGDF-5 as a potential bone graft alternative...

..CONCLUSIONS: In the rabbit pseudarthrosis model, gene expression data supported the hypothesis that successful pseudarthrosis repair is related to the induction of osteogenic and angiogenic cytokines by osteogenic protein-1...

..01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings define the amount of motion reduction that can be expected with posterolateral fusions in the rabbit model at 5 weeks. These results suggest that motion was significantly decreased but was not eliminated...

..Low-energy fractures are becoming increasingly more common because of an increase in life expectancy and age of the population. Decreased bone density is an independent risk factor for instrumentation failure in spinal fusion operations...

..7 days. These excretion profiles and kinetic properties are similar to those described for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the rabbit model (mean residence times of 7.6 days and 10.2 days with different carriers)...

..This was identified as the injury stage for the lower cervical levels. A subsequent C-shaped curvature with extension of the entire cervical spine produced less lower level extension...

..CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences between the ability of Grafton and OP-1 to induce bone formation in an athymic rat posterolateral lumbar spine fusion model were found...

..As such, a fusion should be considered whenever a laminectomy is performed in the immature cervical spine. Risk factors for kyphosis include a high cervical level, multiple laminectomy levels, and postoperative irradiation...

..Background highlighting the evolution of this technique is described. A series of patients treated in this manner, all of whom have healed without complications, is presented...

..CT scanning provides excellent osseous detail for the measurement of such parameters, and with its widespread use in the evaluation of cervical disorders, large numbers of patients can be reviewed...

..Certainly, further investigations are warranted, as an injectable agent capable of increasing fusion rates would be of great clinical value...

..As evidence accumulates, clinical trials and applications are defined...

..These products may be combined with osteoconductive carriers and are clearly finding a place in the clinical arena...

..This fact may be because of the absence of an ideal solution for this clinical problem. Certainly, prospective controlled clinical studies are needed...

..Retrospective cohort of 258 consecutive patients...

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..Although BMP use with infections remains controversial, these results indicate that rhBMP- 2 could be used in a contaminated environment...

..Perhaps identifying objective findings on imaging studies and clinical examination in place of guessing injury mechanisms may allow for a more reliable and valid thoracolumbar injury classification system...

..Overall, successful, long-term total disc arthroplasty requires a thorough understanding of biomaterials and how they can be used to achieve their desired goals...

..10% increase). It is difficult to speculate if an increase in motion across a segment, as compared with the intact case, is more harmful than a decrease in motion...

..New data documenting the benefit of surgical decompression using improved techniques such as anterior approaches have amplified the role of the spine surgeon in the care of these patients...

..Retrospective radiographic review...

..Cross-sectional study...

..Retrospective review and multivariate analysis...

..Retrospective review and multivariate analysis...

..There are no reliable studies examining the long-term consequences of athletic activity on the lumbar spine...

..Questionnaire study presented to practicing spine surgeons...

..Retrospective radiographic review...

..Our goal was to evaluate the ability of orthopaedic surgeons to interpret disclosure policy statements regarding project-specific or global disclosure instructions...

..Prospective clinical study...

..Prospective clinical study...

..7 mm) were missed 18% of the time, although contamination can be transmitted by a nail with the diameter of a pin (1.1 mm). These results raise questions about a common screening method...

..This investigation was performed to quantify the effective doses of computerized tomographic scans that are performed for various musculoskeletal applications...

..Prospective cohort study...

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..Thus, while radiographic evidence of cervical instability was not infrequent in this population of patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis, radiographic predictors of paralysis were much less common...

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..This disparity between true knee motion and CPM should be accounted for when designing CPM protocols for patients or investigations evaluating efficacy of CPM...

..Heightened awareness of this potential focus of infection may facilitate its detection. As with other sites, aggressive surgical debridement of this potentially fatal condition is imperative...

..Based on these results, we consider the region between the chest and operative field to be the most sterile and any contact with the gown outside this area, including the elbow creases, should be avoided to reduce the risk of infection...

..For patients with symptomatic disc herniations who fail to respond appropriately to conservative measures, surgical intervention may be considered. For this population, lumbar discectomy is considered to be a good option...

..Retrospective Survey Analysis...

..Several complications, including the deterioration of neurologic status, may occur with either surgical or nonsurgical management, but the most frequent mistake made is missing the injury on initial evaluation...

..Finite element model of L3-S1 segment and confirmatory cadaveric testing were used to investigate the biomechanical effects of a mobile core type artificial disc (Charité artificial disc; DePuy Spine, Raynham, MA) on the lumbar spine...