Erol Fikrig

Summary

Affiliation: Yale University
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Activation of the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway during the enzootic life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi
    Zhiming Ouyang
    Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
    BMC Microbiol 12:44. 2012
  2. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi--traveling incognito?
    Erol Fikrig
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Room 525A, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Microbes Infect 8:1390-9. 2006
  3. ncbi Preferential presence of decorin-binding protein B (BBA25) and BBA50 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurologic Lyme disease
    Erol Fikrig
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 42:1243-6. 2004
  4. ncbi Outer surface protein B is critical for Borrelia burgdorferi adherence and survival within Ixodes ticks
    Girish Neelakanta
    Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS Pathog 3:e33. 2007
  5. ncbi Antibodies against a tick protein, Salp15, protect mice from the Lyme disease agent
    Jianfeng Dai
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell Host Microbe 6:482-92. 2009
  6. ncbi Fusion loop peptide of the West Nile virus envelope protein is essential for pathogenesis and is recognized by a therapeutic cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody
    Hameeda Sultana
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Immunol 183:650-60. 2009
  7. ncbi Antibodies targeting linear determinants of the envelope protein protect mice against West Nile virus
    Michel Ledizet
    L2 Diagnostics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
    J Infect Dis 196:1741-8. 2007
  8. ncbi The Lyme disease agent exploits a tick protein to infect the mammalian host
    Nandhini Ramamoorthi
    Sections of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Nature 436:573-7. 2005
  9. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein (osp) B expression independent of ospA
    Fang Ting Liang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Microb Pathog 37:35-40. 2004
  10. ncbi Ixodes scapularis salivary gland protein P11 facilitates migration of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from the tick gut to salivary glands
    Lei Liu
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, PO Box 208022, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 8022, USA
    EMBO Rep 12:1196-203. 2011

Research Grants

  1. BORRELIA BURGDORFERI INTERACTIONS WITH IXODES SCAPULARIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2010
  2. Tissue Specific Borrelia Gene Expession
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2005
  3. Toll-like receptor responses to West Nile virus
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Tissue-specific Borrelia Gene Expression
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. BORRELIA BURGDORFERI INTERACTIONS WITH IXODES SCAPULARIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Interactions Between Anaplasma Phagocytophilum and Ixodes Scapularis
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2010
  7. Immunotherapeutics for Treatment of Flavivirus Infection
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
  8. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
  9. Neutrophil gene expression induced by A. phagocytophila
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2004
  10. ARTHROPOD SPECIFIC BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GENE EXPRESSION
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2002

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications109 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Activation of the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway during the enzootic life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi
    Zhiming Ouyang
    Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
    BMC Microbiol 12:44. 2012
    ..burgdorferi, has been lacking...
  2. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi--traveling incognito?
    Erol Fikrig
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Room 525A, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Microbes Infect 8:1390-9. 2006
    ..The survival strategies utilized by the spirochete during transmission and the initial stages of infection are discussed...
  3. ncbi Preferential presence of decorin-binding protein B (BBA25) and BBA50 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurologic Lyme disease
    Erol Fikrig
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 42:1243-6. 2004
    ..Decorin-binding protein B (BBA25) and BBA50 (hypothetical protein) elicited immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM detectable in CSF-but not sera-of patients, demonstrating preferential antibody production during neuroborreliosis...
  4. ncbi Outer surface protein B is critical for Borrelia burgdorferi adherence and survival within Ixodes ticks
    Girish Neelakanta
    Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS Pathog 3:e33. 2007
    ..Taken together, these data suggest that OspB has an important role within Ixodes scapularis and that B. burgdorferi relies upon multiple genes to efficiently persist in ticks...
  5. ncbi Antibodies against a tick protein, Salp15, protect mice from the Lyme disease agent
    Jianfeng Dai
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell Host Microbe 6:482-92. 2009
    ....
  6. ncbi Fusion loop peptide of the West Nile virus envelope protein is essential for pathogenesis and is recognized by a therapeutic cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody
    Hameeda Sultana
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Immunol 183:650-60. 2009
    ..These experiments define the molecular determinant on the envelope protein recognized by mAb11 and demonstrate the importance of this region in causing West Nile encephalitis...
  7. ncbi Antibodies targeting linear determinants of the envelope protein protect mice against West Nile virus
    Michel Ledizet
    L2 Diagnostics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
    J Infect Dis 196:1741-8. 2007
    ..These immunoglobulins recognized the E proteins of related flaviviruses, demonstrating that antibodies targeting specific E protein epitopes could be developed for prevention and treatment of multiple flavivirus infections...
  8. ncbi The Lyme disease agent exploits a tick protein to infect the mammalian host
    Nandhini Ramamoorthi
    Sections of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Nature 436:573-7. 2005
    ..scapularis drastically reduced the capacity of tick-borne spirochaetes to infect mice. These results show the capacity of a pathogen to use a secreted arthropod protein to help it colonize the mammalian host...
  9. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein (osp) B expression independent of ospA
    Fang Ting Liang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Microb Pathog 37:35-40. 2004
    ..This was consistent with the analysis of antibody responses to the two lipoproteins, which showed a more frequent OspB response than OspA during chronic murine infection...
  10. ncbi Ixodes scapularis salivary gland protein P11 facilitates migration of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from the tick gut to salivary glands
    Lei Liu
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, PO Box 208022, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 8022, USA
    EMBO Rep 12:1196-203. 2011
    ..This report provides new insights into A. phagocytophilum infection of ticks and reveals new avenues to interrupt the life cycle of Anaplasma and related Rickettsial pathogens...
  11. ncbi Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces actin phosphorylation to selectively regulate gene transcription in Ixodes scapularis ticks
    Hameeda Sultana
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Exp Med 207:1727-43. 2010
    ....
  12. ncbi TROSPA, an Ixodes scapularis receptor for Borrelia burgdorferi
    Utpal Pal
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell 119:457-68. 2004
    ..Identification of an I. scapularis receptor for B. burgdorferi is the first step toward elucidating arthropod ligands that are required for survival of spirochetes in nature...
  13. ncbi A tick mannose-binding lectin inhibitor interferes with the vertebrate complement cascade to enhance transmission of the lyme disease agent
    Tim J Schuijt
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, USA
    Cell Host Microbe 10:136-46. 2011
    ....
  14. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi basic membrane proteins A and B participate in the genesis of Lyme arthritis
    Utpal Pal
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Exp Med 205:133-41. 2008
    ..These data delineate a role for differentially produced B. burgdorferi antigens in spirochete colonization of mouse joints, and suggest new strategies for the treatment of Lyme arthritis...
  15. ncbi Toll-like receptor 7 mitigates lethal West Nile encephalitis via interleukin 23-dependent immune cell infiltration and homing
    Terrence Town
    Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Immunity 30:242-53. 2009
    ..Collectively, these results demonstrate that TLR7 and IL-23-dependent WNV responses represent a vital host defense mechanism that operates by affecting immune cell homing to infected target cells...
  16. ncbi Age-associated decrease in TLR function in primary human dendritic cells predicts influenza vaccine response
    Alexander Panda
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Immunol 184:2518-27. 2010
    ....
  17. ncbi A tick antioxidant facilitates the Lyme disease agent's successful migration from the mammalian host to the arthropod vector
    Sukanya Narasimhan
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell Host Microbe 2:7-18. 2007
    ..burgdorferi at the tick feeding site in mice. These data demonstrate that pathogens can exploit arthropod molecules to defuse mammalian responses in order to successfully enter the vector...
  18. ncbi OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands
    Utpal Pal
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    J Clin Invest 113:220-30. 2004
    ..These studies conclusively demonstrate the importance of OspC in the invasion of tick salivary glands by B. burgdorferi, a critical step in the transmission of spirochetes from the arthropod vector to the mammalian host...
  19. ncbi IL-22 signaling contributes to West Nile encephalitis pathogenesis
    Penghua Wang
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    PLoS ONE 7:e44153. 2012
    ..Our results suggest that IL-22 signaling exacerbates lethal WNV encephalitis likely by promoting WNV neuroinvasion...
  20. ncbi An in vivo transfection approach elucidates a role for Aedes aegypti thioester-containing proteins in flaviviral infection
    Gong Cheng
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 6:e22786. 2011
    ..In vivo transfection of AeTEP-1 into Ae. aegypti significantly reduced dengue virus infection, suggesting that the approach can further our understanding of pathogen-mosquito interactions...
  21. ncbi Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 heterodimers alter Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression in mice and ticks
    Erol Fikrig
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and 3Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
    J Infect Dis 200:1331-40. 2009
    ....
  22. ncbi Antiviral peptides targeting the west nile virus envelope protein
    Fengwei Bai
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Virol 81:2047-55. 2007
    ..These short peptides serve as the basis for developing new therapeutics for West Nile encephalitis and, potentially, other flaviviruses...
  23. ncbi The Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi requires BB0690, a Dps homologue, to persist within ticks
    Xin Li
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Mol Microbiol 63:694-710. 2007
    ..Dps is critical for spirochaete persistence within ticks, and strategies to interfere with Dps could potentially reduce Borrelia populations in nature and thereby influence the incidence of Lyme disease...
  24. ncbi Role of outer surface protein D in the Borrelia burgdorferi life cycle
    Xin Li
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Infect Immun 75:4237-44. 2007
    ..These data suggest that B. burgdorferi can compensate for the lack of OspD in both ticks and mice and that OspD may have a nonessential, secondary, role in B. burgdorferi persistence within I. scapularis...
  25. ncbi ASC/PYCARD and caspase-1 regulate the IL-18/IFN-gamma axis during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection
    Joao H F Pedra
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Immunol 179:4783-91. 2007
    ..phagocytophilum. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ASC and caspase-1 are critical for IFN-gamma-mediated control of A. phagocytophilum infection...
  26. ncbi c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 2 inhibits gamma interferon production during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection
    Joao H F Pedra
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Infect Immun 76:308-16. 2008
    ..Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that JNK2 is an important regulatory protein for IFN-gamma secretion upon challenge with A. phagocytophilum...
  27. ncbi Dysregulation of TLR3 impairs the innate immune response to West Nile virus in the elderly
    Kok Fai Kong
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    J Virol 82:7613-23. 2008
    ..This alteration of the innate immune response with aging may contribute to the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and suggests a possible mechanism for the increased severity of WNV infection in older individuals...
  28. ncbi Caspase-12 controls West Nile virus infection via the viral RNA receptor RIG-I
    Penghua Wang
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    Nat Immunol 11:912-9. 2010
    ....
  29. ncbi A recombinant envelope protein vaccine against West Nile virus
    Michel Ledizet
    L2 Diagnostics, LLC, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
    Vaccine 23:3915-24. 2005
    ..This recombinant form of E protein, combined with aluminum hydroxide, is a candidate vaccine that may protect humans and horses against WN virus infections...
  30. ncbi A recombinant West Nile virus envelope protein vaccine candidate produced in Spodoptera frugiperda expresSF+ cells
    Nathalie Bonafe
    L2 Diagnostics, LLC, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
    Vaccine 27:213-22. 2009
    ..These observations demonstrate that baculovirus-produced rWNV-E can be formulated with aluminum hydroxide to produce a stable and safe vaccine which induces humoral immunity that can protect against WNV infection...
  31. ncbi An Ixodes scapularis protein required for survival of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick salivary glands
    Bindu Sukumaran
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Exp Med 203:1507-17. 2006
    ..These data demonstrate the specific requirement of a pathogen for a tick salivary protein to persist within the arthropod and provide a paradigm for understanding how Rickettsia-like pathogens are maintained within vectors...
  32. ncbi Disruption of the salivary protein 14 in Ixodes scapularis nymphs and impact on pathogen acquisition
    Joao H F Pedra
    Section of Rheumatology and Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:677-82. 2006
    ..B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum acquisition was not affected 72 hours after feeding. Our results suggest that different mechanisms govern nymph and adult feeding in I. scapularis...
  33. ncbi A paradoxical role for neutrophils in the pathogenesis of West Nile virus
    Fengwei Bai
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    J Infect Dis 202:1804-12. 2010
    ..Collectively, these data suggest that PMNs have a biphasic response to WNV infection, serving as a reservoir for replication and dissemination in early infection and later contributing to viral clearance...
  34. ncbi Antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti in white-footed mice
    Louis A Magnarelli
    Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, PO Box 1106, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
    J Wildl Dis 42:732-8. 2006
    ..leucopus, separate incorporation of these fusion proteins in an ELISA was very helpful in confirming past or current infections and in identifying specific foci for B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum...
  35. ncbi Molecular interactions that enable movement of the Lyme disease agent from the tick gut into the hemolymph
    Lili Zhang
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS Pathog 7:e1002079. 2011
    ..burgdorferi burden in the tick hemolymph. Delineating the specific spirochete and arthropod ligands required for B. burgdorferi movement in the tick may lead to new strategies to interrupt the life cycle of the Lyme disease agent...
  36. ncbi OspB antibody prevents Borrelia burgdorferi colonization of Ixodes scapularis
    Erol Fikrig
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine. Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Infect Immun 72:1755-9. 2004
    ..burgdorferi colonization of I. scapularis, highlighting a specific role for OspB in spirochete- arthropod interactions and suggesting new antibody-mediated strategies for interfering with B. burgdorferi transmission...
  37. ncbi IL-10 signaling blockade controls murine West Nile virus infection
    Fengwei Bai
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS Pathog 5:e1000610. 2009
    ..In conclusion, IL-10 signaling plays a negative role in immunity against WNV infection, and blockade of IL-10 signaling by genetic or pharmacologic means helps to control viral infection, suggesting a novel anti-WNV therapeutic strategy...
  38. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to host immune responses
    Fang Ting Liang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8031, USA
    Infect Immun 72:5759-67. 2004
    ..This change in antigenic expression could be induced by passively immunizing infected severe combined immunodeficiency mice with specific Borrelia antisera or OspC antibody and appears to allow B. burgdorferi to resist immune attack...
  39. ncbi West Nile virus envelope protein inhibits dsRNA-induced innate immune responses
    Alvaro Arjona
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Immunol 179:8403-9. 2007
    ..In conclusion, these data show that the major structural protein of WNV impairs the innate immune response and suggest that WNV exploits differential vector/host E glycosylation profiles to evade antiviral mechanisms...
  40. ncbi IL-12/23p40-dependent clearance of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the murine model of human anaplasmosis
    Joao H F Pedra
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 50:401-10. 2007
    ..The IL-12/23p40 subunit drives the CD4(+) Th1 immune response in the early phase of infection and IL-12/23p40-independent mechanisms ultimately contribute to pathogen elimination from the host...
  41. ncbi Matrix metalloproteinase 9 facilitates West Nile virus entry into the brain
    Penghua Wang
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Virol 82:8978-85. 2008
    ..These data suggest that MMP9 plays a role in mediating WNV entry into the central nervous system and that strategies to interrupt this process may influence the course of West Nile encephalitis...
  42. ncbi Inflammasome-activating nanoparticles as modular systems for optimizing vaccine efficacy
    Stacey L Demento
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
    Vaccine 27:3013-21. 2009
    ..The design of such an antigen delivery mechanism with the ability to stimulate two potent innate immune pathways represents a potent new approach to simultaneous antigen and adjuvant delivery...
  43. ncbi The Lyme disease vaccine takes its toll
    Venetta Thomas
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8031, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2:217-22. 2002
    ..These data suggest that defects in the TLR1/2 signaling pathway are associated with an impaired ability to generate antibodies following immunization with OspA lipoprotein...
  44. ncbi Ixodes scapularis JAK-STAT pathway regulates tick antimicrobial peptides, thereby controlling the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis
    Lei Liu
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    J Infect Dis 206:1233-41. 2012
    ..These data suggest that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in controlling A. phagocytophilum infection in ticks by regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides...
  45. ncbi Anaplasma phagocytophilum increases cathepsin L activity, thereby globally influencing neutrophil function
    Venetta Thomas
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Infect Immun 76:4905-12. 2008
    ..As therapeutic options for A. phagocytophilum and related organisms are limited, these results also identify a cellular pathway that may be targeted for the treatment of A. phagocytophilum infection...
  46. ncbi Fucosylation enhances colonization of ticks by Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    Joao H F Pedra
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell Microbiol 12:1222-34. 2010
    ..Our results uncover a novel mechanism of pathogen colonization in arthropods. Decoding mechanisms of pathogen invasion in ticks might expedite the development of new strategies to interfere with the life cycle of A. phagocytophilum...
  47. ncbi Molecular adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the murine host
    Fang Ting Liang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    J Exp Med 196:275-80. 2002
    ..This novel adaptation mechanism could be a critical step for B. burgdorferi to proceed to chronic infection, as the pathogen would be cleared at the early stage of infection if the spirochetes failed to undergo this process...
  48. ncbi Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia garinii alters the course of murine Lyme borreliosis
    Joppe W R Hovius
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49:224-34. 2007
    ..Moreover, we suggest that competition of the two Borrelia species within the reservoir host could have led to preferential maintenance, and a rising prevalence, of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in European I. ricinus populations...
  49. ncbi Early transcriptional response of human neutrophils to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection
    Bindu Sukumaran
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Infect Immun 73:8089-99. 2005
    ..phagocytophilum-infected neutrophils and promyelocytic cell lines...
  50. ncbi Protective niche for Borrelia burgdorferi to evade humoral immunity
    Fang Ting Liang
    Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    Am J Pathol 165:977-85. 2004
    ..These data suggest that spirochetal DbpA may interact with host decorin during infection and such interactions could be a mechanism that B. burgdorferi uses to evade humoral immunity and establish chronic infection...
  51. ncbi Use of recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect antibodies in white-tailed deer
    Louis A Magnarelli
    Department of Entomology and Forestry and Horticulture, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P O Box 1106, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
    J Wildl Dis 40:249-58. 2004
    ..burgdorferi or A. phagocytophilum...
  52. ncbi A comparison of serologic tests for the detection of serum antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in cattle
    Louis A Magnarelli
    Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P O Box 1106, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA
    Can Vet J 45:667-73. 2004
    ..Anaplasma marginale, or A. phagocytophilum were tested by ELISA with separate whole-cell or recombinant B. burgdorferi antigens. An ELISA and Western blot analyses can be used to confirm the exposure of cattle to B. burgdorferi...
  53. ncbi Identification and characterization of Ixodes scapularis antigens that elicit tick immunity using yeast surface display
    Tim J Schuijt
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 6:e15926. 2011
    ..These studies also suggest that these antigens may serve as potential vaccine candidates to thwart tick feeding...
  54. ncbi Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    Nat Med 10:1366-73. 2004
    ..Collectively, WNV infection leads to a Tlr3-dependent inflammatory response, which is involved in brain penetration of the virus and neuronal injury...
  55. ncbi Postgenomic analyses reveal development of infectious Anaplasma phagocytophilum during transmission from ticks to mice
    Juliana E Mastronunzio
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    J Bacteriol 194:2238-47. 2012
    ..phagocytophilum during transmission from ticks to mammals and demonstrates that the abundantly expressed, DC-associated APH_1235 protein is important during in vivo infection by A. phagocytophilum...
  56. ncbi Age-associated elevation in TLR5 leads to increased inflammatory responses in the elderly
    Feng Qian
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Aging Cell 11:104-10. 2012
    ..Elevated TLR5 may provide a critical mechanism to enhance immune responsiveness in older individuals...
  57. ncbi Inhibition of neutrophil function by two tick salivary proteins
    Xiuyang Guo
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Infect Immun 77:2320-9. 2009
    ..Our results suggest that ISL 929 and ISL 1373 contribute to the inhibition of PMN functions shown previously with tick saliva and support important roles for these inhibitory proteins in the modulation of PMN function in vivo...
  58. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi lacking BBK32, a fibronectin-binding protein, retains full pathogenicity
    Xin Li
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Infect Immun 74:3305-13. 2006
    ..These results suggest that additional B. burgdorferi proteins can complement the function of BBK32, fibronectin binding or otherwise, during the natural spirochete life cycle...
  59. ncbi Immunity against Ixodes scapularis salivary proteins expressed within 24 hours of attachment thwarts tick feeding and impairs Borrelia transmission
    Sukanya Narasimhan
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 2:e451. 2007
    ..Defining this subset of proteins will promote a mechanistic understanding of novel I. scapularis proteins critical for the initiation of tick feeding and for Borrelia transmission...
  60. ncbi Use of RNA interference to prevent lethal murine west nile virus infection
    Fengwei Bai
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8031, USA
    J Infect Dis 191:1148-54. 2005
    ..These data show the efficacy of the prophylactic use of siRNAs against a viral infection in vivo and suggest new strategies to combat West Nile virus...
  61. ncbi Alterations in the Aedes aegypti transcriptome during infection with West Nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses
    Tonya M Colpitts
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS Pathog 7:e1002189. 2011
    ..This work provides an extensive list of targets for controlling flaviviral infection in mosquitoes that may also be used to develop broad preventative and therapeutic measures for multiple flaviviruses...
  62. ncbi Use of a tandem affinity purification assay to detect interactions between West Nile and dengue viral proteins and proteins of the mosquito vector
    Tonya M Colpitts
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
    Virology 417:179-87. 2011
    ..We show that the TAP method may be used in insect cells to accurately identify flaviviral-host protein interactions. Our data also provides several targets for interrupting flavivirus infection in mosquito vectors...
  63. ncbi TLR9-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles as immunization vectors protect against West Nile encephalitis
    Stacey L Demento
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
    J Immunol 185:2989-97. 2010
    ..Ultimately, compared with alum, this system offered superior protection in a mouse model of WN virus encephalitis...
  64. ncbi A C-type lectin collaborates with a CD45 phosphatase homolog to facilitate West Nile virus infection of mosquitoes
    Gong Cheng
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell 142:714-25. 2010
    ..During the mosquito blood-feeding process, WNV infection was blocked in vivo with mosGCTL-1 antibodies. A molecular understanding of flaviviral-arthropod interactions may lead to strategies to control viral dissemination in nature...
  65. ncbi A West Nile virus recombinant protein vaccine that coactivates innate and adaptive immunity
    William F McDonald
    VaxInnate Corporation, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
    J Infect Dis 195:1607-17. 2007
    ..They also support the further development of an effective WNV vaccine and novel monovalent and multivalent vaccines for related flaviviruses...
  66. ncbi Anaplasma phagocytophilum modulates gp91phox gene expression through altered interferon regulatory factor 1 and PU.1 levels and binding of CCAAT displacement protein
    Venetta Thomas
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, S525A, 300 Cedar St, P.O. Box 208031, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Infect Immun 73:208-18. 2005
    ..phagocytophilum infection, providing evidence of the first molecular mechanism that a pathogen uses to alter the regulation of genes that contribute to an effective respiratory burst...
  67. ncbi Human innate immunosenescence: causes and consequences for immunity in old age
    Alexander Panda
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Trends Immunol 30:325-33. 2009
    ....
  68. ncbi Crystal structure of west nile virus envelope glycoprotein reveals viral surface epitopes
    Ryuta Kanai
    266Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Bass Center for Structural Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Ave, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    J Virol 80:11000-8. 2006
    ..By revealing the details of the molecular landscape of the West Nile virus surface, our structure will assist the design of antiviral vaccines and therapeutics...
  69. ncbi RNA interference screen for human genes associated with West Nile virus infection
    Manoj N Krishnan
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticutt 06520 8031, USA
    Nature 455:242-5. 2008
    ..This study provides a comprehensive molecular portrait of WNV-human cell interactions that forms a model for understanding single plus-stranded RNA virus infection, and reveals potential antiviral targets...
  70. ncbi Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion
    Alvaro Arjona
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    J Clin Invest 117:3059-66. 2007
    ....
  71. ncbi Icam-1 participates in the entry of west nile virus into the central nervous system
    Jianfeng Dai
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, P O Box 208031, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    J Virol 82:4164-8. 2008
    ..These data suggest that ICAM-1 plays an important role in West Nile virus neuroinvasion and that targeting ICAM-1 signaling may help control viral encephalitis...
  72. ncbi Passage through Ixodes scapularis ticks enhances the virulence of a weakly pathogenic isolate of Borrelia burgdorferi
    Sarojini Adusumilli
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Infect Immun 78:138-44. 2010
    ..These data suggest that transmission of a high-passage attenuated isolate of B. burgdorferi by the arthropod vector results in the generation of spirochetes that have enhanced pathogenesis in mice...
  73. ncbi Disruption of Ixodes scapularis anticoagulation by using RNA interference
    Sukanya Narasimhan
    Sections of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:1141-6. 2004
    ..These studies demonstrate that RNA interference can silence I. scapularis genes and disrupt their physiologic function in vivo, and they identify vaccine candidates that can alter vector engorgement...
  74. ncbi Protective and therapeutic capacity of human single-chain Fv-Fc fusion proteins against West Nile virus
    L Hannah Gould
    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    J Virol 79:14606-13. 2005
    ..These recombinant human scFvs are potential candidates for immunoprophylaxis and therapy of flavivirus infections...
  75. ncbi Murine neutrophils require alpha1,3-fucosylation but not PSGL-1 for productive infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    Jason A Carlyon
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 8031, USA
    Blood 102:3387-95. 2003
    ..However, murine infection does not require neutrophil PSGL-1 expression, which has important implications for understanding how A phagocytophilum binds and infects neutrophils...
  76. ncbi Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice
    Lena Alexopoulou
    Section of Immunobiology and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
    Nat Med 8:878-84. 2002
    ..These data indicate that TLR1 and TLR2 are required for lipoprotein recognition and that defects in the TLR1/2 signaling pathway may account for human hyporesponsiveness to OspA vaccination...
  77. ncbi Repression of rac2 mRNA expression by Anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation
    Jason A Carlyon
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    J Immunol 169:7009-18. 2002
    ..These results directly attribute the inhibition of rac2 and gp91(phox) transcription to the loss of NADPH oxidase activity in A. phagocytophila-infected cells and demonstrate its importance to bacterial intracellular survival...
  78. ncbi Increased TLR4 expression and downstream cytokine production in immunosuppressed adults compared to non-immunosuppressed adults
    Dana W Dunne
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 5:e11343. 2010
    ..We studied monocyte Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and cytokine production in 137 patients with autoimmune diseases who were maintained on immunosuppressive medications and 419 non-immunosuppressed individuals...
  79. ncbi Superoxide anion production during Anaplasma phagocytophila infection
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    J Infect Dis 186:274-80. 2002
    ..phagocytophila infection. These data demonstrate respiratory burst inhibition by A. phagocytophila in vivo and on an individual cell basis by use of assays designed to evaluate CGD...
  80. ncbi Anaplasma phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of ROCK1 during infection
    Venetta Thomas
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Cell Microbiol 9:1730-7. 2007
    ..These data demonstrate a role for A. phagocytophilum-mediated ROCK1 phosphorylation in infection, and suggests that inhibiting this pathway may lead to new, non-antibiotic strategies to treat human granulocytic anaplasmosis...
  81. ncbi Cyclooxygenase 2 activity modulates the severity of murine Lyme arthritis
    Juan Anguita
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 34:187-91. 2002
    ..burgdorferi-specific antibody or cytokine responses. Cox-2 activity is therefore associated with the genesis of infectious arthritis caused by B. burgdorferi...
  82. ncbi Examination of the Borrelia burgdorferi transcriptome in Ixodes scapularis during feeding
    Sukanya Narasimhan
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, L Diagnostics, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
    J Bacteriol 184:3122-5. 2002
    ..These data demonstrate a new approach to the global analysis of B. burgdorferi genes that are preferentially expressed within the vector during feeding...
  83. ncbi An open-label, nonrandomized, single-center, prospective extension, clinical trial of booster dose schedules to assess the safety profile and immunogenicity of recombinant outer-surface protein A (OspA) Lyme disease vaccine
    Robert T Schoen
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
    Clin Ther 25:210-24. 2003
    ..An efficacy trial of an outer-surface protein A (OspA) Lyme disease vaccine demonstrated tolerability and efficacy against laboratory-confirmed Lyme disease after a primary series of 3 doses at 0, 1, and 12 months...
  84. ncbi Invasion and survival strategies of Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    Jason A Carlyon
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Room 525A, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Cell Microbiol 5:743-54. 2003
    ..This review focuses on some of the mechanisms that A. phagocytophilum uses for neutrophil adhesion, surviving within the hostile intracellular environment of its host neutrophil and for effectively disseminating to naïve host cells...
  85. ncbi Seasonal prevalence of serum antibodies to whole cell and recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer in Connecticut
    Louis A Magnarelli
    Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Departments of Entomology and Forestry and Horticulture, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, PO Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
    J Wildl Dis 46:781-90. 2010
    ..November and December is a suitable period to obtain blood samples from deer to conduct serosurveillance for both bacteria...
  86. ncbi Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the vector and vertebrate host
    Utpal Pal
    Room 525A, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Microbes Infect 5:659-66. 2003
    ..We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms linked with the development of molecular adaptation of spirochetes within different host environments...
  87. ncbi Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces Ixodes scapularis ticks to express an antifreeze glycoprotein gene that enhances their survival in the cold
    Girish Neelakanta
    Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 8022, USA
    J Clin Invest 120:3179-90. 2010
    ....
  88. ncbi Interferon-gamma deficiency reveals that 129Sv mice are inherently more susceptible to Anaplasma phagocytophilum than C57BL/6 mice
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University of School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
    FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 42:299-305. 2004
    ..phagocytophilum than IFN-gamma deficient B6 mice. These data demonstrate that there is an inherent increased susceptibility of 129 mice, compared with B6 mice, to A. phagocytophilum that can only be discerned in the absence of IFN-gamma...
  89. ncbi Modulation of NB4 promyelocytic leukemic cell machinery by Anaplasma phagocytophilum
    Joao H F Pedra
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar St, Room 525A P.O. Box 208031, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA
    Genomics 86:365-77. 2005
    ..phagocytophilum infection and iron metabolism. Our study clearly demonstrates multifactorial effects of A. phagocytophilum infection on NB4 promyelocytic leukemic cell machinery...
  90. ncbi DNA microarray assessment of putative Borrelia burgdorferi lipoprotein genes
    Fang Ting Liang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8031, USA
    Infect Immun 70:3300-3. 2002
    ..These data show that a DNA microarray can globally examine the genes encoding B. burgdorferi lipoproteins...
  91. ncbi Anaplasma phagocytophilum utilizes multiple host evasion mechanisms to thwart NADPH oxidase-mediated killing during neutrophil infection
    Jason A Carlyon
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Infect Immun 72:4772-83. 2004
    ..Once internalized, the bacterium resides within a protective vacuole that excludes p22(phox) and gp91(phox). Thus, A. phagocytophilum employs at least two strategies to protect itself from neutrophil NADPH oxidase-mediated killing...
  92. ncbi A recombinant envelope protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for West Nile virus serodiagnosis
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8031, USA
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2:105-9. 2002
    ..Antibodies to the recombinant West Nile virus membrane and nonstructural 1 proteins were not detected in any of these sera. An E protein-based ELISA may aid in the serological diagnosis of West Nile virus infection...
  93. ncbi Borrelia burgdorferi transcriptome in the central nervous system of non-human primates
    Sukanya Narasimhan
    Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15953-8. 2003
    ..burgdorferi gene expression in vivo. The results provide a global snapshot of the spirochetal transcriptome in the CNS and should spur the design of experiments aimed at understanding the molecular basis of neuroborreliosis...
  94. ncbi Immunity to West Nile virus
    Tian Wang
    Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
    Curr Opin Immunol 16:519-23. 2004
    ..These efforts will facilitate the development of effective vaccines and therapies to combat WN virus...
  95. ncbi Essential role for OspA/B in the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete
    Xiaofeng F Yang
    Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9048, USA
    J Exp Med 199:641-8. 2004
    ..However, OspA/B function was essential for Bb colonization of and survival within tick midguts, events crucial for sustaining Bb in its natural enzootic life cycle...
  96. ncbi Tick-host-pathogen interactions in Lyme borreliosis
    Joppe W R Hovius
    University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Trends Parasitol 23:434-8. 2007
    ..Moreover, we discuss how such vector molecules could be used to develop vector-antigen-based vaccines to prevent the transmission of B. burgdorferi and, potentially, other arthropod-borne microbes...
  97. ncbi Structurally distinct requirements for binding of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and sialyl Lewis x to Anaplasma phagocytophilum and P-selectin
    Tadayuki Yago
    Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
    J Biol Chem 278:37987-97. 2003
    ..phagocytophilum binds cooperatively to a nonsulfated N-terminal peptide in human PSGL-1 and to sLex expressed on PSGL-1 or other glycoproteins. Distinct bacterial adhesins may mediate these cooperative interactions...
  98. ncbi Antibodies to granulocytic ehrlichiae in cattle from Connecticut
    Louis A Magnarelli
    Department of Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven 06504, USA
    J Med Microbiol 51:326-31. 2002
    ..Different serological testing methods should be used to detect immunoglobulins...
  99. ncbi Association of linear plasmid 28-1 with an arthritic phenotype of Borrelia burgdorferi
    Qilong Xu
    Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive at River Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
    Infect Immun 73:7208-15. 2005
    ..These pathogenicity studies associated lp28-1 with an arthritic phenotype and further studies may identify factors that contribute to arthritic pathology...
  100. ncbi A differential role for BB0365 in the persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in mice and ticks
    Utpal Pal
    Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
    J Infect Dis 197:148-55. 2008
    ..burgdorferi life cycle...
  101. ncbi Differential expression of the p44 gene family in the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
    Jacob W IJdo
    Inflammation Program and Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
    Infect Immun 70:5295-8. 2002
    ..Similarly, the p44 genes were differentially expressed in infected C3H mice, in SCID mice, and in cultured HGE bacteria. Thus, differential p44 expression exists in vivo and in vitro and could provide a basis for antigenic variation...

Research Grants42

  1. BORRELIA BURGDORFERI INTERACTIONS WITH IXODES SCAPULARIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..If successful, these studies may lead to new strategies for the prevention of B. burgdorferi infection. This paradigm would also be applicable to other vector-borne pathogens of medical importance. ..
  2. Tissue Specific Borrelia Gene Expession
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ....
  3. Toll-like receptor responses to West Nile virus
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These studies should increase our understanding of the role of TLR3 in viral recognition, and may lead to new strategies to prevent, or treat, WN virus infection. ..
  4. Tissue-specific Borrelia Gene Expression
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These data will lead to a greater understanding of how tissue-specific B. burgdorferi gene expression contributes to spirochete survival, and suggest new strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of Lyme disease. ..
  5. BORRELIA BURGDORFERI INTERACTIONS WITH IXODES SCAPULARIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..burgdorferi and I. scapularis - with an emphasis on OspA and TROSPA - leading to a greater appreciation of the B. burgdorferi lifecycle and new approaches to interfere with spirochete transmission. ..
  6. Interactions Between Anaplasma Phagocytophilum and Ixodes Scapularis
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..phagocytophilum pathogenesis and may suggest new ways to prevent infection. It is also hopeful that these paradigms would also be applicable to other vector-borne pathogens of medical importance. ..
  7. Immunotherapeutics for Treatment of Flavivirus Infection
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..The recombinant antibodies will be fully human, produced rapidly and in high titer, free of blood-borne pathogens, and will be promising candidates for further development as a clinical reagent to combat flaviviral infection. ..
  8. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..These studies should lead to a greater understanding of HGE, an important new tick-borne disease, and the mechanisms that pathogens may use to interfere with neutrophil function. ..
  9. Neutrophil gene expression induced by A. phagocytophila
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..phagocytophila uses to interfere with neutrophil differentiation and function ..
  10. ARTHROPOD SPECIFIC BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GENE EXPRESSION
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..burgdorferi gene expression in ticks, spirochete transmission from the vector, and the role of antibodies in the destruction of B. burgdorferi throughout its complete lifecycle in the vector. ..
  11. IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS
    Erol Fikrig; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..The development and characterization of a murine model of HGE, including the HGE-specific host immune response to infection, will further our understanding of this disease, and provide information on host immunity to infection. ..