Robert T Constable

..These findings may represent either a delay in maturation or the engagement of alternative neural pathways for language in the developing PT brain...

..Results are shown for modeling the functional imaging experiment and for three different paradigms performed on normal subjects...

..These sites showing modulation of activity as a function of sentence type, independent of input mode, arguably form the core of a cortical system essential to sentence parsing...

..Fast imaging sequences and approaches to reducing the data acquired without sacrificing image quality are described...

..The goal was to use diffusion tensor imaging to test the hypothesis that prematurely born children demonstrate long-term, white matter, microstructural differences, relative to term control subjects...

..439, p=0.019). Preterm adolescents engage a dorsal right hemisphere region for language at age 16years. Those with the greatest cognitive deficits demonstrate increasing reliance on this alternate pathway...

..We present examples in this paper and note that the method is available freely online as a Java applet...

..We found significant differences between the monolinguals and the two bilingual groups. We interpret our results as evidence for a difference between the language network of early bilinguals and that of monolinguals...

..Plasticity in network connections may provide the substrate for improving language skills in the prematurely born...

..Future treatment may be optimized for this BD subgroup by targeting the serotonergic system and the vACC...

..To prospectively evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the characterization of liver fibrosis by estimating fat and extracellular matrix content and hepatic perfusion parameters in CCl(4)-treated rats...

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..The aim of this study was to determine the time sequence relationship between hypothalamic activation and the initiation of the counterregulatory hormonal response to small decrements in systemic glucose...

..This result pattern also resembled the one displayed by the non-comparator mechanism. These findings suggest spatially and temporally distinct brain activities of comparator mechanisms of change detection in the context of speech...

..This study featured a spatial working memory task, similar to that used in nonhuman primates, that was designed to facilitate separating brain activation into encoding, maintenance, and response phases...

..Thus, theta and alpha dynamics are dissociable from positive BOLD activation, and may, in fact, colocalize with negative BOLD responses...

..The cingulum is an important candidate structure for study in bipolar disorder as it provides substantial white matter connections within the corticolimbic neural system that subserves emotional regulation involved in the disorder...

..Therefore, protocol-specific establishment of cutoffs for liver fat content may be necessary...

..Second, independent of mode of delivery, parental worries and mood are related to specific brain activations in response to own baby-cry...

..Our goal was to test the hypothesis that preterm birth results in long-term dynamic changes in the developing brain...

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..002, alpha < 0.006) was also significant. Without the administration of any contrast agent, the MRI-PPG approach shows promise as a noninvasive means of evaluating liver fibrosis...

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..Voxel-by-voxel exploration over the whole brain based on a cosine similarity measure of common function confirmed the specificity of supramodal zones...

..We determined whether surgically implantable, extravascular MRA coils increase signal resolution adequately to examine blood flow dynamics..

..The results also provide spatially specific ATT data that may aid in optimizing the ASL imaging parameters...

..These findings provide further evidence that fc-fMRI reflects intrinsic brain properties, while also demonstrating that 0.5 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia preferentially modulates higher-order connections...

..These findings help account for the similarity in areas activated across different cognitive tasks and may help specify the particular executive processes engaged in more complex tasks...

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..We hypothesized that amygdala volume would be inversely associated with amygdala response to emotional stimuli, such that BD participants with the smallest amygdala volumes would exhibit the highest amygdala response...

..This study investigates the potential disruptions in pACC-amygdala functional connectivity and associated abnormalities in white matter that provides structural connections between the two brain regions in BD...

..While data should be interpreted cautiously due to modest sample size, this study provides preliminary evidence to support the presence of accelerated loss in VPFC and rostral PFC volume in adolescents/young adults with BD...

..Thus, the more salient the deviant stimulus is the more likely it is to be released from the effects of adaptation exerted by the posterior auditory cortex...

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..In addition, it illustrates the potential power of paradigms that examine correlations between behavior and functional brain connections...

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..These results are consistent with the existence of a specialized speech system which bypasses more typical processes at the earliest cortical level...

..These brain regions may represent the neural substrata of response inhibition independent of other cognitive and affective functions...

..We also compared our method with a similar level set-based tractography technique, and found that the anisotropic evolution increased the validity index of the obtained pathways by 18%...

..The method is general and can be applied with most pulse sequences, any coil combination for transmission and reception, and in any anatomic region...

..Although the correction presented here is demonstrated with a simultaneous transmit and receive volume coil, it can be extended to the case of separate transmission and reception coils, including surface and phase array coils...

..The conjunction of these effects suggests that it is correct to view both encoding and recall of associative memories as functions of an integrated hippocampal system...

..Other advantages of the approach are: avoidance of interpolation after motion estimation, embedded removal of low-frequency noise components, and easy incorporation of multi-run, multi-subject, and multi-task studies into the framework...

..The findings indicate that the putative ventral visual word form area is sensitive to the phonological structure of words, with phonologically analytic processing contributing to the specialization of this region...

..This suggests that caution should be taken when utilizing these two tasks interchangeable as tests of spatial memory...

..Further, they show good agreement with previously published results in the literature. This proposed method provides quantitative regional 3-D estimates of heart deformation...

..Men activated the motor circuitry while women appeared to involve visual association or habit learning during stop signal performance...

..The novelty of this method lies in the in vivo calibration and the correction of the FAs, thereby allowing a rapid and accurate T(1) mapping at high field for many applications...

..Previous studies have demonstrated that indomethacin lowers the incidence and decreases the severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, as well as improves the cognitive outcome, in prematurely born male infants...

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..We explored individual differences in EEG reactivity to determine whether it is positively or negatively correlated with BOLD across subjects...

..In this paper, we investigate the cause of the RF pulse artifact in EEG systems that use carbon wires...

..Given that local tissue characteristics in affected liver can be substantially variable, this study is of particular importance in liver imaging...

..We hypothesize that these conflicting data are a result of the inhibitory effect of anesthesia on acupuncture-induced central nervous system activity that can be demonstrated using magnetic resonance imaging...

..Work in rodents has shown that exposure to nicotine during adolescence leads to nicotine withdrawal emergent alterations in cortical and subcortical dopamine neurotransmission...

..Due to the ease of use and portable nature of OT, it is anticipated that optical topography will be valuable tool for neurological examinations of cognitive function...

..In this case, default mode deactivations are timelocked to stimulus presentation as much as positive activations are, but in a later time range, suggesting a specific role of negative transient signals in task performance...

..To examine age-related changes in the neural systems for reading in nonimpaired and dyslexic children and adolescents...

..These findings suggest that dominant hemisphere temporoparietal areas are involved in expressing AVHs, with higher levels of coactivation and/or coupling involving inferior frontal regions reinforcing underlying pathophysiology...

..In addition, these data raise the possibility that the individual differences in coupling strength between these two regions at rest predict differences in cognitive abilities important for this working memory task...

..This point is of particular importance to the on-going consolidation debate, as it often centers on a failure to detect an effect in the hippocampus in one or both conditions...

..To use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that subjects who were born prematurely develop alternative systems for processing language...

..Human studies have shown that both cannabis and tobacco exert effects on cognitive function; however, little is known about possible interacting effects of these drugs on brain function and cognition during adolescent development...

..These results may be important mechanistically for seizure initiation and termination and may also contribute to changes in EEG and behavior...

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..This work will provide insight into the relationship between MR signal changes in cognitive tasks, and EEC changes as measured with surface, and in a limited number of patients, subdural electrodes. ..

..A large epilepsy population exists that could benefit greatly from better mapping techniques and these techniques may ultimately replace invasive methods decreasing health care costs and morbidity. ..

..These experiments will also lay the ground work for future studies investigating higher order cognitive function such as those associated with attention and memory. ..

..This work will provide insight into the relationship between MR signal changes in cognitive tasks, and EEC changes as measured with surface, and in a limited number of patients, subdural electrodes. ..

..These experiments will also lay the ground work for future studies investigating higher order cognitive function such as those associated with attention and memory. ..

..It also represents the first step in the path towards a human connectome. ..

..Successful completion of this project may allow fMRI to be used as the primary source of functional localization in the brain for Neurosurgical planning reducing the need for invasive mapping techniques. ..

..This work will have significant impact in both the neuroscience and medical communities. ..

..Such a study will provide evidence not only of language reorganization but also of the specific cortical regions that reorganize, and the impact this reorganization has on performance and surgical outcome. ..

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