A Shankar

..Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a subclinical measure of atherosclerotic vascular disease and a strong independent risk factor for CVD and mortality...

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..However, this association in humans has not been previously examined. We therefore examined the independent relationship between serum PFOA levels and CVD outcomes in a representative sample of Americans...

..We therefore examined the association between SDB and retinal microvascular diameter after adjusting for major confounders...

..However, no previous human study has examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and hypertension...

..In contrast, few prospective studies have examined the association between retinal microvascular changes and the risk of developing obesity...

..However, few human studies have examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and diabetes mellitus...

..However, relatively few studies have examined the association between sleep duration and SRH, and the results have not been consistent...

..04, 2.88; P for trend = 0.015) for perfluorooctanoic acid and 1.82 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 3.27; P for trend = 0.019) for perfluorooctane sulfonate. The present results suggest that elevated PFC levels are associated with CKD...

..09), were positively associated with incident CKD. Thus, elevations of most markers of inflammation predict the risk of developing CKD. Each marker should be independently verified...

..51 in men. In a representative sample of US adults, mild reductions in kidney function as measured by higher serum cystatin C levels among subjects without clinically recognized CKD are associated with hypertension in women, but not men...

..However, previous studies have not examined the association between low serum 25(OH)D levels and prediabetes...

..We examined the association between self-reported insufficient rest/sleep and CVD, diabetes, and obesity in a contemporary sample of US adults...

..These results suggest that sleep duration may be an important marker for CVD...

..Few studies have made side-by-side comparisons of the effect of various estimating equations on the prevalence estimates of CKD in a general population sample...

..In conclusion, higher plasma leptin levels are associated with hypertension both among women as well as men in a representative sample of US adults...

..However, the intermediate biological mechanisms behind this association are not clear. We examined the longitudinal relationship between SRH and incident severe hypertension...

..Among US adults without clinically recognized CKD, higher BMI levels were independently associated with high cystatin C levels...

..C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, is associated with diabetes and CVD. However, studies examining the association between CRP and prediabetes among participants without diabetes are limited...

..This study was designed to determine whether the relationship of glycated haemoglobin to diabetic microvascular complications shows any natural thresholds that could be useful in diagnosing diabetes...

..We specifically examined the association between high-sensitivity CRP level and diabetes mellitus in a representative sample of US non-Hispanic blacks...

..The incidence of recently defined outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been widely reported in type 1 diabetes...

..45, 95% CI 1.04-2.01 and OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27) respectively. In conclusion, data from two population-based Asian cohorts suggest that elevated serum CRP levels are associated with prehypertension...

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..To compare the prevalences of refractive errors in Malay, Chinese and Indian children in Malaysia and Singapore...