Harry Chugani

..DTI appears to be a sensitive method for detection abnormalities in children with partial epilepsy, even in structures without apparent changes on conventional MRI...

..We studied the distribution and expression of translocator protein in the human brain using (11)C-[R]-PK-11195 positron emission tomography (PK11195 PET) and evaluated age-related changes...

..Thus, positron emission tomography can help predict this form of cerebral palsy in neonates...

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..Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the clinical and histopathologic correlates of AMT-PET abnormalities in children with intractable epilepsy undergoing resective surgery...

..In this study we used positron emission tomography (PET) with alpha[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT) to evaluate serotonergic alterations in subcortical structures following cortical resection in children with intractable epilepsy...

..Unilateral facial port-wine stain and autism with no intracranial angioma on conventional imaging may represent a rare clinical entity distinct from both infantile autism and previously described variants of Sturge-Weber syndrome...

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..In this review, we illustrate how PET and DTI can be applied to depict the functional and microstructural alterations associated with chronic epilepsy...

..The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and optimize the performance (lateralization and lobar localization value of epileptic foci) of objective voxel-based analysis of (18)F-FDG PET scans in a pediatric epilepsy population...

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..This study demonstrates cortical and subcortical abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism in TS and provides neuroimaging evidence for a role of serotonergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of TS...

..The findings have implications on how aggressively persistent seizures should be treated in children. (J Child Neurol 2006;21:26-31)...

..In conclusion, the long-term outcome in this patient population is poor, and they tend to suffer from genetic/neurodegenerative diseases...

..When an alpha-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan focus is detected, it likely represents the epileptogenic region to be resected...

..Global as well as focal abnormally asymmetric development in the serotonergic system could lead to miswiring of the neural circuits specifying hemispheric specialization...

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..Further investigation of the potential role of the right cerebellum in autism, particularly with regard to the dentatothalamofrontal circuit, is warranted...

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..This study analyzed whether increased cortical AMT uptake can detect nonresected epileptic foci in patients with previously failed neocortical resection...

..It is suspected that the observed white matter abnormalities are associated with multiple depriving factors (e.g., poor prenatal care, postnatal stress) associated with institutional caregiving...

..The clinical utility of FDG PET in guiding subdural electrode placement in neocortical epilepsy could be greatly enhanced by extending grid coverage to at least 2 cm beyond hypometabolic cortex, when feasible...

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..To determine whether the major temporal lobe white matter tracts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy manifest abnormal water diffusion properties...

..In such cases, (11)C-PK11195 positron emission tomography may highlight the region of maximal inflammation for palliative surgical treatment...

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..90 and a sensitivity of 0.77 for the detection of seizure-onset electrodes. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative interictal subdural EEG may predict ictal-onset zones in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy...

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..Furthermore, the attack number may have an effect on neurodevelopmental delay, thus supporting the notion that alternating hemiplegia of childhood may be a progressive disorder...

..Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) with unilateral hemispheric involvement is a clinical model of early onset, chronic, often progressive hemispheric injury, resulting in variable neuro-cognitive impairment...

..Extensive gray- and white-matter volume loss and hypometabolism ipsilateral to the angioma likely contribute to the frequently observed progressive cognitive dysfunction in these patients, regardless of the extent of the angioma...

..Abnormal frontal FA and ADC may be due to white matter organization abnormalities in ASD. Lack of evidence for excessive short range connectivity in ASD in this study may need to be re-examined with future advances in DTI technology...

..To utilize diffusion tensor tractography and evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract in children with unilateral Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS)...

..Further studies are warranted to determine whether recording of language-induced gamma-oscillations can supplement language mapping using neurostimulation in presurgical evaluation of children with focal epilepsy...

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..A substantial proportion of participants evidenced persistent, absolute impairment in one or more domains of neurocognitive function despite integrity of basic intellectual functions...

..To determine the electroclinical significance and histopathological correlates of cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)(GABA(A)) receptor abnormalities detected in and remote from human neocortical epileptic foci...

..Volume of bilateral UF and right AF and fiber density of left UF were positively associated with autistic features...

..The objective of this study was to derive the biodistribution and in vivo radiation dose estimates of PK in children studied for brain inflammatory conditions and in healthy adults...

..Moreover, the present source localisation results of auditory response at the 50 ms latency might be useful in paediatric neurosurgery practice...

..Kinetic analysis of AMT uptake shows significantly higher tumor/cortex tryptophan metabolic ratios in astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas in comparison with oligodendrogliomas and DNETs...

..Tractography helped determine the extent of cortical resection and predict the extent of motor functional loss...

..Yet, the additive clinical impact of interictal spike frequency measures to predict long-term surgical outcome may be modest in the presence of ictal ECoG and neuroimaging data...

..Fever is a common occurrence after cerebral hemispherectomy in children and prolongs the hospital stay. The authors determined whether an external ventriculostomy might reduce the incidence of fever following a hemispherectomy...

..035, right P = 0.006) compared with NC. These findings support the notion that microstructural dysfunction measured by DT-MRI in component regions of the FST circuit contribute to the pathophysiology in TS...

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..To evaluate the efficacy of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in comparison to standard T1 weighted postgadolinium contrast (T1-Gd) MRI in patients with Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS)...

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..Preservation of the vein of Labbé is recommended to prevent temporal lobe infarction after skull base surgery. However, the importance of preserving the vein in epilepsy surgery involving resection of the temporal lobe is unclear...

..CONCLUSION: Therefore, in treating children with intractable epilepsy, it is important to consider seizure control and to give allowance for normal cognitive development...

..To study the relation between the spike frequency during intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) under general anesthesia with isoflurane and that during extraoperative ECoG monitoring in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy...

..Plasma concentrations with 2.5- to 5.0-mg doses were similar to those observed in older children receiving 7.5- to 15-mg doses...

..To quantify the ictal subdural electroencephalogram (EEG) changes using spectral analysis, and to delineate the quantitatively defined ictal onset zones on high-resolution 3D MR images in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy...

..AMT PET can provide independent complementary information regarding the localization of epileptogenic regions in tuberous sclerosis complex and enhance the confidence of patient selection for successful epilepsy surgery...

..Resective surgery can be effective in selected patients with uncontrolled seizures associated with continuous spike-and-wave activity during slow-wave sleep provided that there is concordance between focal abnormalities on PET and EEG...

..We retrospectively reviewed the clinical utility of initial video-EEG monitoring in a series of 1000 children suspected of epileptic disorders...

..AMT PET might be a useful molecular imaging method to guide therapeutic approaches aimed at controlling tumor cell proliferation by acting on tryptophan metabolism...

..Detailed comparisons of PET abnormalities with intracranial electroencephalographic findings also improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of human epilepsy...

..To report the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) with alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) for monitoring progression and response to treatment of an isolated optic pathway glioma (OPG) in a 16-year-old girl...

..We determined whether the primary motor hand area was most frequently located in the precentral gyrus in young patients with intractable focal seizures...

..To assess the role of gray and white matter volume loss vs seizures in cognitive impairment of children with Sturge-Weber syndrome with unilateral involvement...

..To investigate cortical association tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with global developmental delay of unknown etiology...

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..To study the effects of intracranial subdural grid electrode placement and seizures on intracranial pressure (ICP) in children undergoing invasive EEG monitoring...

..We hypothesized that neural mechanisms involved in listening to music may differ when presented together with visual stimuli that conveyed the same emotion as the music when compared to visual stimuli with incongruent emotional content...

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..This study reiterates the underconnectivity between the cerebellum and neocortex, using diffusion tensor imaging...

..The epileptiform abnormality disappeared on the follow-up EEGs, and a glucose PET scan also normalized. This boy has fully retained his cognitive and motor functions and has remained seizure free in the past 4z\x years off medications...

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..Furthermore, valproate treatment may be associated with the development or unmasking of PTU suggesting that the pathophysiology of PTU may involve abnormal GABA neurotransmission. [Published with videosequences]...

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..Such structural white-matter changes may represent an adaptive response because of unilateral occipital ablation, and may account for plasticity changes observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging...

..The clinical course of our patient with transient EEG and PET findings suggest that glucose metabolism in LKS cannot be attributed solely to interictal epileptiform activities on scalp EEG...

..We suggest that these cases may be underdiagnosed. When epilepsy is suspected and if MRI fails to demonstrate an abnormality, FDG PET scanning and video/EEG monitoring should be considered...

..We discuss the meaning of these maturational profiles in terms of time course of morphological development and of maturation of behavior in the cat. Correlations with findings in other mammalian species are also discussed...

..In this review we discuss recent advances in the neuroimaging of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), highlighting its application in improving clinical management, particularly in the case of intractable epilepsy...

..65, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that both the Kcplx macroparameter and the PSR are stable indices of brain protein synthesis and are appropriate measures for testing altered protein synthesis in neurologic disorders...

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..0 Ci/micromol, EOS, n=2) when ca. 37.0 GBq (ca. 1.0 Ci) of starting [(11)C]CO(2) was used. Unlabeled mass of [(11)C]DWAY was found to be 0.15-0.24 microg/mL and the precursor was present in less than 50 ng/mL in final production solution...

..Dr. Chugani reviews the clinical data related to the pathophysiology of infantile spasms and proposes a hypothesis which involves both cortical and subcortical mechanisms...

..abstract_text> ..

..The overall goal of our research is to improve the success rates of extratemporal lobe resections and to increase understanding of the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis. ..

..Our studies are designed to further reduce the necessity for intracranial EEG monitoring in children being evaluated for epilepsy surgery and to increase understanding of the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis. ..

..Moreover, these studies will provide important mechanistic information which will likely translate into novel pharmacological approaches for epilepsy. ..