Dennis T Villareal

..We tested the hypothesis that EX-induced weight loss is associated with less bone loss compared with CR-induced weight loss...

..Obesity and aging increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We evaluated whether weight loss therapy improves pancreatic endocrine function and insulin sensitivity in obese older adults...

..These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity...

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..Furthermore, Q likely plays a greater role in the adaptive increase in V(O2 peak) in old men than old women...

..13) tended to increase. We conclude that weight loss, whether induced by CR or Ex, has salutary effects on diastolic function...

..Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors increase with age and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2). However, whether lifestyle intervention ameliorates metabolic CHD risk factors in obese older adults is unknown...

..However, it does not appear that exercise training-induced weight loss results in greater improvements than those that result from calorie restriction alone...

..Thus, the loss of muscle mass must be mediated predominately by adverse effects of dietary calorie restriction on muscle proteolysis...

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..Data from the present study provide evidence that CR- and EX-induced negative energy balance result in substantial and similar improvements in the major risk factors for CHD in normal-weight and overweight middle-aged adults...

..Obesity exacerbates the age-related decline in physical function and causes frailty in older adults; however, the appropriate treatment for obese older adults is controversial...

..The addition of exercise to diet therapy improves physical function and other obesity- and aging-related metabolic abnormalities...

..The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of prolonged CR in nonobese adults and to compare the effects of CR- and exercise-induced weight loss on body composition and abdominal adiposity...

..Age-related reductions in serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations may be involved in bone mineral density (BMD) losses...

..To determine whether alterations in diet and/or activity patterns during weekends contribute to weight gain or hinder weight loss...

..Data suggest that the absence of cardiac and arterial adaptations may in part account for the limited gain in aerobic capacity in response to training in the octogenarians...

..Common variants in the gene TCF7L2 confer the largest effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study was undertaken to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which this gene affects type 2 diabetes risk...

..Although weight loss and exercise ameliorates frailty and improves cardiac risk factors in obese older adults, the long-term effect of lifestyle intervention on bone metabolism and mass is unknown...

..Year 2 was an open label continuation. DHEA replacement improved glucose tolerance in participants who had abnormal GT initially, reduced plasma triglycerides, and the inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα...

..Whether older women are also resistant to the anabolic effect of exercise is not known...

..These findings suggest that markedly reduced BMD is not associated with significantly reduced bone quality in middle-aged men and women practicing long-term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition...

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..Therefore, weight-loss therapy that minimizes muscle and bone losses is recommended for older persons who are obese and who have functional impairments or medical complications that can benefit from weight loss...

..05), but weight loss had no effect. In conclusion, exercise but not weight loss had a beneficial effect on markers of muscle inflammation and anabolism in frail obese elderly individuals...

..However, appropriate treatment for obese older persons is unknown. We evaluated the effects of weight loss and exercise therapy on physical function and body composition in obese older persons...

..Little is known regarding the health effects of a raw food (RF) vegetarian diet...

..This may be attributed to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Acute endurance exercise might improve postprandial endothelial function by enhancing glucoregulation and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia...

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..This effect does not appear to be attributable to changes in body fat mass because a comparable decrease in T(3) concentration was not observed in response to an exercise-induced fat mass reduction...

..The aim of this study was to assess the independent and additive effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and moderate-intensity exercise (EX) on bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD)...

..To evaluate the effect of adding exercise to a hypocaloric diet on changes in appendicular lean mass and strength in frail obese older adults undergoing voluntary weight loss...

..Since xenin-25 signaling to islets is mediated by a cholinergic relay, impaired islet responses in T2DM may reflect defective neuronal, rather than GIP, signaling...

..Therefore, weight-loss therapy that minimizes muscle and bone losses is recommended for older persons who are obese and who have functional impairments or medical complications that can benefit from weight loss...

..64; P = 0.006). In conclusion, calorie restriction and exercise-induced weight loss both decrease IMAT and VAT volumes. However, exercise appears to result in preferential reductions in these fat depots...

..Because RER(max) is heavily influenced by CO2 production from acid buffering during maximal exercise, we postulated that dietary acid load, which affects acid-base regulation, might contribute to variability in RER(max)...

..This study provides evidence that DHEA replacement has the beneficial effect of enhancing the increases in muscle mass and strength induced by heavy resistance exercise in elderly individuals...

..To avoid confounding effects of hyperglycemia, insulin secretion and action were studied in subjects with the variant who had normal glucose tolerance...

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..To evaluate the prevalence of frailty and interrelationships among body composition, physical function, and quality of life in community-dwelling obese elderly (OE) persons...

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..To compare the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and analysis time of two methods for quantifying visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes from magnetic resonance (MR) images...

..Arterial stiffness increases with age and is an independent risk factor for CVD. Therefore, the improvements observed in this study suggest that DHEA replacement might partly reverse arterial aging and reduce CVD risk...

..4 vs -0.7, P = .005). CONCLUSION: DHEA replacement could play a role in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome associated with abdominal obesity...

..To determine whether Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with comorbidities or atypical features (possible AD) is marked by differences in clinical course and outcomes compared with uncomplicated AD (probable AD)...

..To determine whether exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases bone mineral density (BMD) in physically frail elderly women...

..We found that variants carrying the A allele (CA and AA) for the C4887A polymorphism have a significantly higher degree of estrogen catabolism and lower femoral BMD...

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..05) in both sexes. Thus, there is sexual dimorphism in MPS and its control in older adults; a greater basal rate of MPS, operating over most of the day may partially explain the slower loss of muscle in older women...

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..Thus different precursor amino acid tracers cannot be used interchangeably for the evaluation of muscle protein synthesis, and data from studies using different tracer amino acids can be compared qualitatively but not quantitatively...

..The data generated from this proposed randomized controlled trial will ultimately establish appropriate treatment guidelines for the increasing number of frail obese elderly men and women. ..