Richard D Todd

..To determine the 5-year prospective stability of population-based and DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as to explore predictors of stability...

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..A high genetic correlation between these measures would suggest that a continuous measure of consumption may have a useful role in the discovery of genes contributing to dependence risk...

..We examined the joint effects of genetic and prenatal substance exposures on DSM-IV and population-defined subtypes of ADHD...

..Other studies have reported that chromosome 11 may harbor genes associated with various aspects of smoking behavior. This study adds to that literature by highlighting evidence for NW...

..The subtype specificity of these findings supports the concept that ADHD is composed of a group of distinct disorders...

..Despite accumulating evidence that there is a genetic basis for cannabis use disorders (ie, abuse and dependence), few studies have identified genomic regions that may harbor biological risk and protective factors...

..Such measurements can serve as reliable indices of phenotypic severity for genetic and neurobiologic studies, and have potential utility for ascertaining incremental response to intervention...

..As clinical samples are most commonly composed of male combined subtypes, the inattentive subtype of both sexes in the general population is an under-treated segment of the general population...

..Subthreshold autistic social impairments are known to aggregate in the family members of autistic probands; therefore, we conducted this study to examine the intergenerational transmission of such traits in the general population...

..To examine gender and age differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom endorsement in a large community-based sample...

..Characterization of QAT and other endophenotypes among close relatives may be useful for reducing sample heterogeneity in future genetic and neurobiologic studies of autism...

..To investigate the relation between parent reports of motor problems and clinically significant autistic symptoms in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...

..20; 95% CI, 0.30-4.77) classes. CONCLUSIONS: Internalizing and externalizing disorders did not cluster differentially within ADHD subtypes. LCA may provide a more precise characterization of comorbidity with ADHD...

..These findings further extend previous work and are most consistent with the presence of multiple independent forms of ADHD...

..This study assesses whether children with ADHD selected from the general twin population have elevated levels of autistic traits...

..Further studies including quantitative measures of treatment response are warranted...

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..Sibling recurrence risk in autism has been estimated to be approximately 10%. This study investigated subsyndromal autistic impairments among siblings of probands with pervasive developmental disorders...

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..The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative measure of alcohol consumption for gene-mapping studies...

..72. Our results suggest that in young adults, a substantial proportion of the genetic influences on self-reported autistic and ADHD symptoms may be shared between the two disorders...

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..We use the result of these analyses to show how the use of a particular drug disorder phenotype for selecting cases could impact final sample composition...

..Episodes of possible bipolar disorders as defined by DSM-IV are uncommon in this nonreferred sample. Children and adolescents with ADHD appear to be only modestly at increased risk for bipolar disorders...

..In this study, we compared teachers' ratings of autistic symptomatology with those derived from parents, expert clinicians, and trained raters...

..The goal of the current study is to test whether population-based ADHD subtypes defined by latent class analysis help resolve issues of variable findings across individual gene association studies...

..As has been suggested for autism, twin status may incur increased liability to subthreshold autistic symptomatology, particularly in males...

..To determine the impact of including sluggish cognitive tempo items on the factor and latent class structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes in boys and girls...

..This study explores the relationship among preschool attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), injury-risk-taking behavior, and unintentional injury...

..LCA and DSM-IV systems of ADHD classification identify different phenotypic groups, and the basis of this disparity merits further investigation...

..To determine treatment patterns for youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a general population sample of 1,610 twins...

..The current findings indicate that if male adolescents endorse any ADHD symptoms there is a tendency for them to report combined type problems...

..Kappas were equally high for the 47 mothers that were re-interviewed 6 to 18 months later. Mothers show good reliability and stability of reporting about events during pregnancy...

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..ASD children made more saccades, slowing their reaction times; however, exogenous and endogenous orienting, including gaze cueing, appear intact in ASD...

..Fine mapping of this linkage region may reveal variants contributing to heaviness of smoking, which will lead to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying nicotine dependence...

..Q. and exhibited inter-rater reliability on the order of 0.8. The SRS is a valid quantitative measure of autistic traits, feasible for use in clinical settings and for large-scale research studies of autism spectrum conditions...

..This report contrasts two ADHD subtyping approaches on the prediction of cognitive function and educational achievement...

..Furthermore, few of these studies have examined differences in individuals with an onset during childhood or adolescence. This study examined amygdala volume and its potential association with early onset major depression...

..e., alpha-agonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and neuroleptics). They may also benefit from social skills therapy, individual and family psychotherapy, behavioral therapy and other nonpharmacologic interventions...

..Preliminary studies of adolescent and young adult twins suggest a significant correspondence between the genetic contributions to some regional brain volumes and early-onset mood disorders...

..In the absence of genotypic data, or as a safeguard against sample duplication, application of LCA for zygosity assignment or confirmation is strongly recommended...

..g., "conformational induction" versus "drug-active state selection"), such data are irreconcilable with the widely held view that drugs have "intrinsic efficacy"...

..These studies raise the notion that early onset cases may represent a distinct genetic form or forms of manic-depressive illness...

..No coding region sequence variations were identified in the DRD2 gene that met our requirements for prevalence to be considered a candidate variant contributing to susceptibility for ADHD...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Left subgenual cingulate volume reductions are present in young women with adolescent onset MD...

..Twin studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder have indicated a significant genetic component to its expression...

..Comorbidity with CD, ODD, or MD does not significantly increase impairment among ADHD subtypes. The mild combined ADHD subtype represents a clinically significant but under-studied form of ADHD...

..Results from LCA using Dutch twins with the CRS show stability across informants suggesting that more stable phenotypes may be accessible for genotyping using a multi-informant approach...

..We tested this hypothesis in a population-based sample...

..The authors present the first genome-wide scan for a social endophenotype in autism using the Social Responsiveness Scale, which provides a quantitative measure of autistic-like behavior, primarily focused on social relatedness...

..National efforts are required to restructure healthcare delivery and provider training and to immediately develop more advanced research on pathophysiology, prevention, and services delivery effectiveness...

..42 to .51 for dependence and from .31 to .51 for consumption. Consumption was significantly less heritable in the younger Phase 2 cohort (23-39 years) compared to the older Phase 1 cohort (28-90 years)...

..To develop a panel of markers able to extract full haplotype information for candidate genes in alcoholism, other addictions and disorders of mood and anxiety...

..Little attention, however, has been directed to investigating the roles of genetic transmission and prenatal exposure simultaneously...

..The joint analysis showed association with the DRD5 locus (P=.00005; odds ratio 1.24; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.38). This association appears to be confined to the predominantly inattentive and combined clinical subtypes...

..home environment? (ii) in frequency and type of offspring life events? and (iii) in social relations and self-perception? and (2) Do children or their parents who do or do not have an affective disorder report differently on these areas?..

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..To estimate genetic, environmental, and rater contrast influences on parental reports of Activities, Social, School, and Total Competence scales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)...