Mario Schootman

..A goal of Healthy People 2010 was to reduce health disparities. We determined the extent of reductions in geographic disparities in five breast cancer screening indicators...

....

..Overall changes in incidence rates suggest that by 2006 the racial disparity will be eliminated. However, African-Americans will continue to have higher mortality rates unless more aggressive interventions are implemented...

..Efforts to target counties aimed at increasing breast-cancer screening based on their level of deprivation will not likely be beneficial...

..To examine the benefits of mammography for elderly breast cancer survivors in community settings...

..Interventions to reduce late-stage breast cancer, focusing on areas of high poverty and targeting African Americans, may reduce disparities in breast cancer survival in the Detroit and Atlanta areas...

..Educating early-stage breast cancer patients about their actual risk could result in more realistic recurrence-risk perceptions, and increasing social support could help alleviate anxiety associated with exaggerated risk perceptions...

..Poor housing conditions appear to be an independent contributor to the risk of incident diabetes in urban, middle-aged African Americans...

..Severity of substance use is more closely related to, and thus a better indicator of, higher number of sexual partners than age of substance use onset...

..We hypothesize that lower street connectivity increases the risk of incident lower-body functional limitations (LBFLs) among urban African Americans aged 49-65 years...

..To estimate the effect of hypothetical changes in modifiable predictors on the incidence of fair-to-poor self-rated health (SRH) in breast cancer survivors...

..They also examined the extent to which 6 pathways explained racial disparities in the development of metastases...

..The present study examined the associations between initiation and intensity of substance use and with sexual experience with and without a history of teenage pregnancy...

....

..We aimed to evaluate whether age-matched women with and without early-stage breast cancer differentially experience sexual problems over time and whether changes in patients' problems differ by type of surgical procedure...

....

....

..This study examined the associations between social, behavioral, and environmental factors and adolescent parenthood...

..In the multivariable analysis, marijuana use by age 14 years and/or cigarette smoking by age 12 years clearly distinguished girls who became pregnant by age 15 years and is perhaps due to a common underlying risk factor...

..To determine the life expectancy of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) in the United States and identify demographic, geographic, and clinical factors that influence survival...

..We also assessed measurement error-corrected associations of these conditions with self-rated health...

..Previous research suggests that walking is the most common form of physical activity; however, not all built environments support walking for recreational or transportation purposes...

..To investigate associations between quality of life (QoL) and incontinence in a population-based African-American sample...

..The Bayesian estimates are also shown to be quite robust in terms of choices of hyper-parameters...

....

..Studies using different Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based measures reported inconsistent findings...

..It is unclear how county-level primary care physician (PCP) availability and socioeconomic deprivation affect the spatial and temporal variation of breast cancer incidence and mortality...

..011). The impact of surgery type on body image within the first year of definitive surgical treatment was explained by surgical side-effects severity. After 2 years, body image problems did not differ significantly by surgery type...

..Research has not established (1) if breast cancer screening varies by county-level proportion of uninsured or (2) whether county-level-proportion of uninsured correlates with county-level early-stage and late-stage breast cancer incidence...

..05, Bonferroni-adjusted p > 0.0034). Inflammation does not appear to be a mediator of the association between poor housing/neighborhood conditions and adverse health outcomes in middle-aged African Americans...

....

..Examining the variability among small areas in the incidence over time will facilitate appropriate geographic allocation of resources aimed at increasing screening...

..Factors contributing to this improved survival remain unknown, but may be due in part to optimal disease treatment or avoidance of disease-related complications...

..Management of anxiety, provision of social support, and patient education may help reduce FCR among DCIS and EIBC survivors, especially among younger survivors...

..To examine the impact of sexuality education practices on adolescent birthrates while controlling for demographic characteristics and religious/political factors at a state level...

..These findings suggest that there may be a greater need for increasing mammography use among white women, especially in the historic cluster area of late-stage breast cancer in St. Louis...

..It is unclear if CRC screening varies geographically, if area-level poverty rate affects CRC screening, and if individual-level characteristics mediate the area-level effects on CRC screening...

..To estimate the frequency of ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations (ACSHs) and to compare the risk of ACSH in breast cancer survivors living in high-poverty with that of those in low-poverty areas...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in the incidence of early-stage and late-stage breast cancers has occurred in the United States to suggest that a reduction in breast cancer mortality is the result of screening...

..This study examined the associations between health risk behaviors (i.e., substance use behaviors, physical violence, or carried a weapon) and multiple adolescent pregnancies (i.e., experiencing or causing more than one pregnancy)...

..In future studies, investigators should evaluate other neighborhood characteristics to help explain geographic heterogeneity in CRC survival. Such research could facilitate interventions for reducing geographic disparity in CRC survival...

..This study examined gender and racial/ethnic differences in sexual debut...

..This study was conducted to examine associations with contraception methods used at last sexual intercourse among US adolescents...

..These differences were not fully explained by relevant covariates. Identifying modifiable targets for intervention will be critical for improving QOL outcomes among survivors who have other chronic health conditions...

..We determined the association of neighborhood foreclosure risk on the health status of a statewide sample of breast cancer survivors (n = 1047) and the extent to which covariates accounted for observed associations...

..Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces tumor size before surgery in women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of mammography and ultrasound to predict residual tumor size following neoadjuvant chemotherapy...

..6%), employee size (weighted kappa = 0.63), and sales volume (weighted kappa = 0.04). Researchers should cautiously interpret findings when using these commercial databases to yield measures of the neighborhood environment...

..To accomplish this, we used a multilevel logistic regression approach to account for multiple co-existent individual-level variables and county-level poverty rate...

..To compare the efficacy of pain reduction of triage oxycodone (O) versus codeine (C) to children with suspected forearm fractures...

....

....

..Retrospective case series...

..We reexamined asthma prevalence in urban public elementary school children after 12 years, during which time poverty had worsened...

..Type 2 diabetes is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, increasing the risk for various adverse health outcomes...

..Since that time, limited research has examined HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls and no studies have examined the role of geographic disparities in HPV vaccination...

..The question guiding the current study was whether all communities have equal access to foods that enable individuals to make healthy dietary choices...

..Previous research suggests that access to recreational resources might influence physical activity. Little research, however, has looked at both access to and the characteristics of recreational resources and physical activity...

..The market is run with an eye toward sustainability, with partners from academia, a local faith-based community organization, businesses, and community members collaborating to make all program decisions...

....

..To translate intervention strategies to increase physical activity interventions recommended by the Community Guide for higher and lower income African-American adults living in an urban, Midwestern community...

..1, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.31). Urban Parkinson disease incidence is greater in counties with high reported industrial release of copper or manganese. Environmental exposure to metals may be a risk factor for Parkinson disease in urban areas...

..Although a few studies have examined early-stage breast cancer survivors' perceived risk of recurrence, none have assessed the accuracy of survivors' perceived risk of recurrence...

..It is unclear if rural and urban women have experienced similar increases...

..The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer patients' self-report and surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) abstract data regarding type of treatment received (radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapies)...

..01 (fair/poor noise level). Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the findings. Poor neighborhood conditions appear to be an independent contributor to the risk of incident LBFLs in middle-aged African Americans...

..Medical education topics might be locally prioritized using public health data on health outcomes and risk factors unrelated to quality of care...

..Unlike the small survival benefit of radiotherapy after first primary breast cancer, omission of radiotherapy after metachronous contralateral breast cancer significantly increased the risk of cause-specific and all-cause mortality...

..This was a 23-year retrospective study of 3436 consecutive pediatric orthopedic spinal surgery patients between 1995 and 2008...

..The purpose of this study was to identify factors that could explain breast cancer underutilization among women age 40 and older with disabilities...

..Unmeasured confounding was unlikely to explain the observed results in sensitivity analysis. For women with stage 0-III FPBC, diagnosis of stage 0-I MCBC is associated with an 81% reduction in risk of breast cancer death...

..The MS cases did not appear to cluster around the lead smelter...

..This report describes the current diabetes epidemic and the health and economic impact of diabetes complications on individuals and on the health care system. The report also provides suggestions by which the epidemic can be curbed...

....

..It is important for clinicians to recognize that once released from treatment, cocaine-dependent individuals may be returning to high-risk environments where sexual risk behaviors are occurring in the context of cocaine use...

..Mortality attributable to bloodstream infection (BSI) is still controversial. We studied the impact of BSI on mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery, including the specific impact of different etiologic organisms...

....

..To estimate hospitalization charges for the acute care of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs)in the US and to identify factors associated with increased charges...

..Early, thorough surgical débridement produces a low frequency of deep infections, and bony stabilization can be a safe technique, permitting more anatomic alignment and preventing the need for reoperation due to malalignment...

....

..0 x 10(9)/L). The purpose of this study was to apply this clinical algorithm retrospectively to determine its predictive value in our patient population...

..We compared the efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine/midazolam to those of nitrous oxide/hematoma block for analgesia and anxiolysis during forearm fracture reduction in children...

..v. morphine use was statistically significantly different among the 3 groups: 9.0 mg for FNB, 26.43 mg for PRN-IV, and 64.7 mg for PCA. FNB use was effective in significantly decreasing postoperative i.v. narcotic use...

..Technical pitfalls exist with this implant and can be minimized by leaving less than 2.5 cm of nail out of the femur and by using the largest nail sizes possible...

..To use a geographic information system (GIS) and spatial statistics to describe the geographic variation of burn injuries in children 0-14 years of age in a major metropolitan area...

..To investigate the utility and positional accuracy of a reverse telephone directory to enhance geocoding using self-reported street addresses...

....

..Etiologic studies are needed to assess whether living in proximity to a lead smelter is associated with the development of ALS...

..Social theories suggest that neighborhood quality affects health. Observer ratings of neighborhoods should be subjected to psychometric tests...

..We examined 4-year lower extremity disability trajectories...

....

..Males and females in their 50s and 60s show fairly strong correlation. The hypothesis testing based on Bayes factor suggests that gender correlation cannot be ignored in this model...

..To evaluate differences in demographics, injury severity, and vocational outcomes for persons with TBI based on rural vs. urban residency...

..Little is known about changes in self-rated health (SRH) among African Americans...

....

..A retrospective review of adolescents with main thoracic scoliotic curves surgically treated with either anterior release and posterior fusion or posterior fusion only...

..of ischemic necrosis after reduction of the hips without an ossific nucleus, we advocate early reduction of a dislocation of a hip due to developmental dysplasia to optimize the development of the hip with the minimum number of operations..