Samuel Klein

..However, it does not appear that exercise training-induced weight loss results in greater improvements than those that result from calorie restriction alone...

..The addition of exercise to diet therapy improves physical function and other obesity- and aging-related metabolic abnormalities...

..Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance are common in overweight adolescents...

..CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal liposuction does not significantly improve obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Decreasing adipose tissue mass alone will not achieve the metabolic benefits of weight loss...

..These results support the benefits of weight loss therapy in obese adolescents who do not have evidence of obesity-related metabolic complications during a standard medical evaluation...

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..We determined the effects of acute and chronic calorie restriction with either a low-fat, high-carbohydrate (HC) diet or a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet on hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity...

..79, P < 0.001) and inversely related to VLDL-triacylglycerol clearance in the women (R(2) = 0.84, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Sex and obesity have independent effects on basal VLDL-triacylglycerol kinetics...

..The mechanisms responsible for this are unclear but are thought to be related to differences in the sex hormone milieu in men and women...

..There is a dissociation in the effect of weight loss on VLDL-TG and apoB-100 metabolic pathways that may affect VLDL particle size...

..These data demonstrate that removal of a large amount of abdominal SAT by using liposuction does not improve CHD metabolic risk factors associated with abdominal obesity, despite a long-term reduction in body fat...

..However, total fat oxidation is the same in both groups because of a reciprocal decrease in the oxidation rate of fatty acids derived from nonplasma sources, presumably intramuscular and possibly plasma triglycerides, in women...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate TG metabolism in adipose tissue and liver in NAFLD...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adipose tissue lipolytic activity and the rate of fatty acid release into plasma are increased in obese adolescents with NAFLD...

..However, the rate of total fat oxidation was similar in all groups because of a compensatory increase in the oxidation of nonsystemic fatty acids...

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..Furthermore, alterations in tissue fatty acid transport could be involved in the pathogenesis of ectopic triglyceride accumulation by redirecting plasma fatty acid uptake from adipose tissue toward other tissues...

..The objective of this prospective, single-site, 2-year dietary intervention study was to evaluate the effects of moderate weight reduction and subsequent partial weight regain on cardiovascular structure and function...

..Therefore, a reduction in VAT is considered an important target of obesity therapy. We evaluated whether reducing VAT mass by surgical removal of the omentum improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic function in obese patients...

..However, marked insulin hypersecretion can compensate for impaired insulin action, resulting in normal glucose and fatty acid metabolism during basal conditions...

..Therefore, weight-loss therapy that minimizes muscle and bone losses is recommended for older persons who are obese and who have functional impairments or medical complications that can benefit from weight loss...

..Therefore, weight-loss therapy that minimizes muscle and bone losses is recommended for older persons who are obese and who have functional impairments or medical complications that can benefit from weight loss...

..The concentrations of VLDL particles and VLDL-triglyceride (TG) in plasma are lower in women than men, but the mechanisms responsible for these differences are unclear...

..These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity...

..We sought to determine the expression of lipin 1 isoforms (lipin 1alpha and -beta) in liver and adipose tissue of obese subjects and to evaluate cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipin 1 expression by physiologic stimuli...

..These data suggest that visceral fat is an important site for IL-6 secretion and provide a potential mechanistic link between visceral fat and systemic inflammation in people with abdominal obesity...

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..This effect does not appear to be attributable to changes in body fat mass because a comparable decrease in T(3) concentration was not observed in response to an exercise-induced fat mass reduction...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TUDCA therapy on multiorgan insulin action and metabolic factors associated with insulin resistance in obese men and women...

..9 kg/m(2) with > or =1 severe obesity-related medical complication)...

..However, TZD therapy did not affect whole-body glycerol R(a), possibly because of upregulation of lipoprotein lipase action on plasma triglycerides...

..In addition, adipose tissue is a quantitatively important site for proteolysis in both lean and obese subjects...

..The purpose of the current study was to determine whether leptin treatment has weight loss-independent effects on insulin action in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes...

..In rodent models, calorie restriction with adequate nutrient intake decreases the risk of developing chronic disease and extends maximum life span...

..Although weight loss and exercise ameliorates frailty and improves cardiac risk factors in obese older adults, the long-term effect of lifestyle intervention on bone metabolism and mass is unknown...

..Obesity and aging increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We evaluated whether weight loss therapy improves pancreatic endocrine function and insulin sensitivity in obese older adults...

..The SNPs in this study may have predictive potential on CD36 expression and disease susceptibility in African Americans. Further studies are warranted to validate and determine whether these findings are population specific...

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..Data from the present study provide evidence that CR- and EX-induced negative energy balance result in substantial and similar improvements in the major risk factors for CHD in normal-weight and overweight middle-aged adults...

..To evaluate the prevalence of frailty and interrelationships among body composition, physical function, and quality of life in community-dwelling obese elderly (OE) persons...

..We evaluated the long-term effects of consuming a low-calorie low-protein vegan diet or performing regular endurance exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors...

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..We tested the hypothesis that EX-induced weight loss is associated with less bone loss compared with CR-induced weight loss...

..A study reported in this issue of the JCI evaluates the relative contribution of fatty acids released during lipolysis of visceral adipose tissue triglycerides to portal and systemic fatty acid flux in human subjects...

..Prospective longitudinal studies of thigh fat adipose tissue gene expression could provide further insights on the pathogenesis of metabolic complications associated with PI-based HAART...

..Low-carbohydrate diets cause greater short-term (up to 6 months) weight loss than low-fat diets, but the long-term clinical safety and efficacy of these diets has not been studied...

..In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that myocardial fatty acid metabolism and efficiency are abnormal in obese women...

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..However, appropriate treatment for obese older persons is unknown. We evaluated the effects of weight loss and exercise therapy on physical function and body composition in obese older persons...

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..The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of prolonged CR in nonobese adults and to compare the effects of CR- and exercise-induced weight loss on body composition and abdominal adiposity...

..Western diets, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are associated with increased cancer risk. The mechanisms responsible for this increased risk, however, are not clear...

..Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors increase with age and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2). However, whether lifestyle intervention ameliorates metabolic CHD risk factors in obese older adults is unknown...

..Regional differences in adipose tissue lipolysis during rest and moderate exercise may be important in HIV and warrant further study...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether ginseng or ginsenoside Re improves β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in insulin-resistant subjects...

..To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate (TPM) for weight loss in healthy obese subjects...

..Despite the popularity of the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat (Atkins) diet, no randomized, controlled trials have evaluated its efficacy...

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..We conclude that "normal" adipose tissue lipolysis is different in men and women and that the fuel export role of adipose tissue in obesity will need to be reassessed...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, on body weight, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients...

..Glucose and insulin decrease VLDL-TG production in both lean men and lean women; obesity is associated with resistance to the glucose- and insulin-mediated suppression of VLDL-TG secretion in women, but not in men...

..In summary, nocturnal and postprandial FFA R(a) is increased in type 2 diabetes. Postprandial lipolysis appears to be preferentially improved by thiazolidinediones compared with nocturnal lipolysis...

..45, P < 0.05). Our results support previous estimates of interstitial glycerol concentration within adipose tissue and reveal capillary diffusion capacity is reduced in obesity...

..001-0.014). Our findings point to genetic variability at the ADIPOR1 locus as a strong determinant of CAD susceptibility in type 2 diabetes...

..However, this catabolic response does not seem to be influenced by pre-operative nutritional status...

..Caloric restriction (CR) retards aging in mammals. It has been hypothesized that a reduction in T(3) hormone may increase life span by conserving energy and reducing free-radical production...

..0059). Fifteen additional SNPs associated with HDL-C (P = 0.0028-0.044). We conclude that CD36 variants may impact MetS pathophysiology and HDL metabolism, both predictors of the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes...

..Their use must be combined with behavior modification and a structured meal plan, however, for patients to reap the full benefits of such treatment...

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..The data demonstrate that weight loss and physical activity can prevent and treat obesity-related coronary heart disease risk factors and should be considered a primary therapy for obese patients with cardiovascular disease...

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..The results from these studies will lay the groundwork for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for NAFLD in obese patients. ..

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..The information derived from these studies may improve our understanding of the regulation fat metabolism and the underlying metabolic factors which lead to obesity-related comorbidities. ..

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