Research Topics
Genomes and Genes | K A BraytonSummaryAffiliation: Washington State University Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equiLowell S Kappmeyer
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
BMC Genomics 13:603. 2012..equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites...- Temporal characterisation of the organ-specific Rhipicephalus microplus transcriptional response to Anaplasma marginale infectionRicardo F Mercado-Curiel
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Int J Parasitol 41:851-60. 2011..The small set of predominantly hypothetical genes regulated by infection suggests that A. marginale is affecting a novel set of tick genes and may provide new opportunities for blocking transmission from the tick... - Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacteriumMichael J Dark
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
BMC Genomics 10:16. 2009..Maries strain genome... 
Preparation of Ehrlichia ruminantium challenge material for quantifiable and reproducible challenge in mice and sheepKelly A Brayton
Molecular Biology Section, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Vet Parasitol 112:63-73. 2003....- A processed pseudogene contributes to apparent mule deer prion gene heterogeneityKelly A Brayton
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Gene 326:167-73. 2004..Therefore, selection of a genotyping method specific for the functional gene is critical for large-scale studies to identify the role of the PRNP gene in susceptibility to CWD in mule deer... - Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteinsKelly A Brayton
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washingston State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:844-9. 2005.... - Antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale msp2 occurs by combinatorial gene conversionKelly A Brayton
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Mol Microbiol 43:1151-9. 2002..marginale provides for a combinatorial number of possible expressed MSP2 variants sufficient for lifelong persistence... - Genomic and proteomic approaches to vaccine candidate identification for Anaplasma marginaleKelly A Brayton
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 7040, USA
Expert Rev Vaccines 5:95-101. 2006..These data were mapped back to the annotated A. marginale genome and have identified several new outer membrane proteins that are vaccine candidates... - Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogensK A Brayton
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:4130-5. 2001..Coordinated control of the recombination of these genes would allow these two gene families to act synergistically to evade the host immune response... - Simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during anaplasma marginale persistence in vivoKelly A Brayton
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 71:6627-32. 2003..marginale followed by emergence of unique variants indicates that the switch rates and immune selection for MSP2 and MSP3 are sufficiently similar to explain the cyclic bacteremia observed during infection in the immunocompetent host... - Genetic immunization with Ehrlichia ruminantium GroEL and GroES homologuesAlri Pretorius
Molecular Biology Section, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
Ann N Y Acad Sci 969:151-4. 2002..None of the mice inoculated with the genetic vaccine survived. Immunological memory was also tested in these mice and a correlation between splenocyte proliferation and the survival rate was observed... - Distinctly different msp2 pseudogene repertoires in Anaplasma marginale strains that are capable of superinfectionJose Luis Rodriguez
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Gene 361:127-32. 2005..This finding supports the hypothesis that the occurrence of superinfection reflects the differences in the msp2 repertoire and corresponding diversity of variants... - Development of improved attenuated and nucleic acid vaccines for heartwaterN E Collins
Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
Dev Biol (Basel) 114:121-36. 2003..Boosting with live organisms after DNA vaccination results in much higher levels of protection against tick challenge than DNA vaccination alone, suggesting that improved methods of boosting could lead to more effective immunization... - Purification of Cowdria ruminantium organisms for use in genome analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresisE P De Villiers
Molecular Biology Section, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Republic of South Africa
Ann N Y Acad Sci 849:313-20. 1998..This is the first time that the genome size of C. ruminantium has been determined and the first demonstration of an extrachromosomal element... - Immunogenicity of Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccineJob E Lopez
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:2333-42. 2007..marginale and related pathogens... 
Genome sequence of Babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoaKelly A Brayton
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
PLoS Pathog 3:1401-13. 2007..The genome sequence provides a greater understanding of B. bovis metabolism and potential avenues for drug therapies and vaccine development...- Structural basis for segmental gene conversion in generation of Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein variantsJames E Futse
Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
Mol Microbiol 57:212-21. 2005..Importantly, the anchoring model, which can account for more variants than a strict segmental sequence identity mechanism, is consistent with the number of msp2 variants predicted and empirically identified during persistent infection... - A partially protective clone from Cowdria ruminantium identified by using a Salmonella vaccine delivery systemK A Brayton
Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa
Ann N Y Acad Sci 849:247-52. 1998..This clone has been tested repeatedly in larger groups of mice and is proven to protect 14% of outbred mice against a lethal Cowdria challenge... - Tick-borne transmission of two genetically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains following superinfection of the mammalian reservoir hostChristina K Leverich
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Program in Vector Borne Diseases, School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 76:4066-70. 2008..marginale strain capable of superinfecting the mammalian host can subsequently be cotransmitted and become established within the host population despite the presence of an existing established strain... - Identification of novel antigenic proteins in a complex Anaplasma marginale outer membrane immunogen by mass spectrometry and genomic mappingJob E Lopez
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
Infect Immun 73:8109-18. 2005..The identification of these novel antigenic proteins markedly expands current understanding of the composition of the protective immunogen and provides new candidates for vaccine development... - Sequencing of a 15-kb Ehrlichia ruminantium clone and evaluation of the cpg1 open reading frame for protection against heartwaterElmarié Louw
Molecular Biology Section, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
Ann N Y Acad Sci 969:147-50. 2002..Although all of the immunized mice died, there was a trend for mice that received larger amounts of pCMViUB/cpg1 DNA to survive longer. Four out of five sheep immunized with the construct survived lethal challenge... - Characterization of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 locus and its synteny with the omp1/p30 loci of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. canisCHRISTIANE V LOHR
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Gene 325:115-21. 2004..This supports the hypothesis that the expression sites of these important immunogenic proteins are derived from a common precursor with later divergent evolution along genus lines... - Identification of Anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated during colonization of the tick vectorSolomon S Ramabu
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 78:3047-52. 2010.... - Analysis of the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1 complex protein composition by tandem mass spectrometryHenriette Macmillan
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
J Bacteriol 188:4983-91. 2006..The msp1beta sequences were highly conserved throughout infection. However, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified only a single MSP1b protein, MSP1b1, within the MSP1 complex... - Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system proteins VirB2, VirB7, VirB11, and VirD4 are immunogenic components of a protective bacterial membrane vaccineEric L Sutten
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 78:1314-25. 2010..The discovery of novel immunogenic T4SS proteins recognized by outbred individuals with common MHC haplotypes further justifies evaluating the T4SS as a potential vaccine candidate for pathogenic bacteria... - Cloning and comparison of bighorn sheep CD18 with that of domestic sheep, goats, cattle, humans and miceWeiguo Liu
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 402 Bustad Hall, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
Vet Immunol Immunopathol 110:11-6. 2006..Availability of cloned bighorn sheep CD18 cDNA should allow the molecular characterization of M. haemolytica Lkt-receptor interactions in bighorn sheep and other ruminants that are susceptible to this disease... - Expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 operon-associated proteins during mammalian and arthropod infectionCHRISTIANE V LOHR
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 70:6005-12. 2002.... - Generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: Evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in Anaplasma marginaleJames E Futse
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, USA
Infect Immun 77:3181-7. 2009..Identification of highly fit variants provides targets for vaccines that will prevent the high-level bacteremia associated with acute disease... - Maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infectionYan Zhuang
Program in Vector Borne Diseases and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:5185-90. 2007..The results unify the genetic potential of segmental gene conversion with escape from antibody recognition and identify immunological effects of variant mosaic structure... - Independence of Anaplasma marginale strains with high and low transmission efficiencies in the tick vector following simultaneous acquisition by feeding on a superinfected mammalian reservoir hostMaria F B M Galletti
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
Infect Immun 77:1459-64. 2009..These results support the idea that the strain predominance in regions of endemicity is mediated by the intrinsic transmission efficiency of specific strains regardless of occurrence of superinfection... - The genome of the heartwater agent Ehrlichia ruminantium contains multiple tandem repeats of actively variable copy numberNicola E Collins
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:838-43. 2005..Rather then being the result of the reductive evolution seen in other intracellular bacteria, these pseudogenes appear to be the product of ongoing sequence duplication events... - Merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins of Babesia bovis vaccine breakthrough isolates contain a unique hypervariable region composed of degenerate repeatsShawn J Berens
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 73:7180-9. 2005..Variation in length and content of the HVR is primarily attributable to differences in the order and number of degenerate nucleotide repeats encoding three motifs of unknown function... - Physical linkage of naturally complexed bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicityHenriette Macmillan
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Infect Immun 76:1223-9. 2008..Understanding how the naturally occurring intermolecular interactions between OMPs influence the immune response may lead to more effective vaccine design... - Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogensJames E Futse
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:2123-7. 2008.... - Polymorphisms in the prion precursor functional gene but not the pseudogene are associated with susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deerKatherine I O'Rourke
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease Research Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
J Gen Virol 85:1339-46. 2004.... - The hypervariable region of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) contains multiple immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes that elicit variant-specific proliferative and IFN-gamma responses in MSP2 vaccinatesWendy C Brown
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
J Immunol 170:3790-8. 2003..Antigenic variation in MSP2 Th cell and B cell epitopes may contribute to immune evasion that allows long-term persistence of A. marginale in the mammalian reservoir... 
Babesia bovis: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of plastid-encoded genes supports green algal origin of apicoplastsAudrey O T Lau
Program in Genomics, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Exp Parasitol 123:236-43. 2009..The results also substantiate earlier findings that plastids found in Heterokonts such as Odontella and Thalassiosira were derived from a separate secondary endosymbiotic event likely originating from a red algal lineage...- Composition of the surface proteome of Anaplasma marginale and its role in protective immunity induced by outer membrane immunizationSusan M Noh
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
Infect Immun 76:2219-26. 2008..Furthermore, the data support that remodeling of the surface proteome accompanies the transition between mammalian and arthropod hosts and identify novel targets for blocking transmission... - Conservation of the unique rickettsial rRNA gene arrangement in AnaplasmaFred R Rurangirwa
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1405-9. 2002..In contrast, the fmt gene located upstream of the 23S rRNA gene in most Rickettsia spp. is not maintained in A. marginale, consistent with the fmt arrangement being a relatively late event in the evolution of rickettsial species... - The immunization-induced antibody response to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 and its association with protective immunitySusan M Noh
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
Vaccine 28:3741-7. 2010.... - Association of pathogen strain-specific gene transcription and transmission efficiency phenotype of Anaplasma marginaleJoseph T Agnes
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 78:2446-53. 2010.... - Stability and tick transmission phenotype of gfp-transformed Anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycleSusan M Noh
Animal Disease Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164 7030, USA
Appl Environ Microbiol 77:330-4. 2011..Despite the lower levels of replication, ticks transmitted the transformant. Transformants can serve as valuable tools to dissect the molecular requirements of tick colonization and pathogen transmission... - CD4+ T lymphocytes from Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) vaccinees recognize naturally processed epitopes conserved in MSP3Wendy C Brown
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 72:3688-92. 2004..This T-lymphocyte response to conserved and partially conserved epitopes may contribute to the immunodominance of MSP2 and MSP3... - Coinfection with antigenically and genetically distinct virulent strains of Babesia bovis is maintained through all phases of the parasite life cycleShawn J Berens
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:5769-76. 2007..While coinfection of the tick vector provides the context in which allelic antigenic diversity can be generated, recombination of VMSA genes could not be confirmed, suggesting that VMSA allelic changes are slow to accumulate... - Stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of Anaplasma infectionGuy H Palmer
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
J Clin Microbiol 42:5381-4. 2004.... - Sequence variation and immunologic cross-reactivity among Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 proteins from vaccine strains and vaccine breakthrough isolatesTanya LeRoith
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 73:5388-94. 2005.... - Differential expression and sequence conservation of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 gene superfamily outer membrane proteinsSusan M Noh
Program in Vector borne Diseas, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 6630, USA
Infect Immun 74:3471-9. 2006..Maries strain and Florida strain genomes... - Insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginaleGuy H Palmer
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078:15-25. 2006..The resulting combinatorial diversity generates the number of variants both predicted and shown to emerge during persistence... - Comparison of ovine herpesvirus 2 genomes isolated from domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and a clinically affected cow (Bos bovis)Naomi S Taus
Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, PO Box 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 6630, USA
J Gen Virol 88:40-5. 2007..Polymorphism in ORF73 was due primarily to variability in the G/E-rich repetitive central region of the ORF... - Selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during Anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animalsGuy H Palmer
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 75:1502-6. 2007..However, these mosaics have a selective advantage only in the presence of adaptive immunity and are rapidly replaced by simple variants following transmission... - Gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variationGuy H Palmer
Programs in Vector borne Diseases and Genomics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 7040, USA
Trends Parasitol 23:408-13. 2007.... - Induction of interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 in bovine B lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages by a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN 2059) containing the GTCGTT motifY Zhang
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
J Interferon Cytokine Res 21:871-81. 2001.... - Development of improved vaccines for heartwaterNicola E Collins
Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Ann N Y Acad Sci 990:474-84. 2003..This suggests that the local E. ruminantium genotypes were different from any which were administered by needle challenge, or that needle challenge is not a good model for tick challenge in the field... - Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin utilizes CD18 as its receptor on bighorn sheep leukocytesWeiguo Liu
Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
J Wildl Dis 43:75-81. 2007.... - The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 hypervariable region induces surface-reactive antibodies that block merozoite invasionTanya LeRoith
Program in Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 7040, USA
Infect Immun 74:3663-7. 2006..The results indicate that the MSA-1 HVR is involved in erythrocyte invasion and suggest that selection of MSA-1 variants may be driven by invasion-blocking antibodies... - Complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginale subsp. centraleDavid R Herndon
Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U S Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
J Bacteriol 192:379-80. 2010..marginale strains. The comparison markedly narrows the number of outer membrane protein candidates for development of a safer inactivated vaccine and provides insight into the diversity among strains of senso lato A. marginale... - Identification of functional promoters in the msp2 expression loci of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilumAnthony F Barbet
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611 0880, USA
Gene 353:89-97. 2005..These data enhance our understanding of how expression of these variable outer membrane proteins may be controlled in the key stages of tick-borne transmission and infection... - Identification of a novel Anaplasma marginale appendage-associated protein that localizes with actin filaments during intraerythrocytic infectionRoger W Stich
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Infect Immun 72:7257-64. 2004..Understanding how this protein influences the cycle of invasion, replication, and egress in the host cell may provide new insights into pathogen-host interactions... - Succinate dehydrogenase gene arrangement and expression in Anaplasma phagocytophilumRobert F Massung
Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Gene 414:41-8. 2008..OMB DISCLAIMER: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services... - Expression of major surface protein 2 variants with conserved T-cell epitopes in Anaplasma centrale vaccinatesVarda Shkap
Department of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
Infect Immun 70:642-8. 2002..centrale vaccine efficacy... - Conservation of a gene conversion mechanism in two distantly related paralogues of Anaplasma marginalePatrick F M Meeus
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32611 0880, USA
Mol Microbiol 47:633-43. 2003..A. marginale thus maintains two large, separate systems within its small genome to generate antigenic variation of its surface proteins, while analogous structural elements indicate a common mechanism... - Characterization of a major outer membrane protein multigene family in Ehrlichia ruminantiumHenriette van Heerden
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rand Afrikaans University, P O Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
Gene 330:159-68. 2004..All 16 map1 paralogs were transcriptionally active in E. ruminantium grown in endothelial cells and paralogs with short intergenic spaces were co-transcribed with their adjacent genes...