Alexey L Khodjakov

..Rather, at the onset of mitosis, the centrosome suddenly gains the ability to bind greater than three times the amount of gamma-tubulin than during interphase...

..We illustrate, using the mitotic checkpoint, problems that can arise from a failure to respect strict definitions and precise terminology...

..To probe the mechanism of spindle elongation, we combine fluorescence microscopy, photobleaching, and laser microsurgery in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe...

..Kinetochore microtubule attachments that are too stable increase the rate of chromosome mis-segregation, a leading cause of chromosomal instability in tumors...

..Although clouds of PCM consistently form even when microtubules are completely disassembled by nocodazole, the centrioles are not assembled under these conditions...

..These data reveal that the primary role of the centrosome in somatic cells is not to form the spindle but instead to ensure cytokinesis and subsequent cell cycle progression...

..By a combination of labeling with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and laser microsurgery we have been able to selectively destroy centrosomes in living mammalian cells as they enter mitosis...

..We propose that the capture and incorporation of preformed K-fibers complements the microtubule plus-end capture mechanism and contributes to spindle formation in vertebrates...

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..Thus mitosis can be prolonged by non-genetic means and extra chromosomes and centrosomes probably contribute to the elevated mitotic index seen in many tumours...

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..We propose that that the size of the PCM cloud associated with the mother centriole restricts the number of daughters that can form simultaneously...

..Ablation of only the daughter SPB often leads to activation of the SIN on the mother SPB and successful cytokinesis. Thus, either SPB can drive cytokinesis...

..However, centrosomes facilitate the proper orientation of K-fibers toward spindle poles by integrating them into a common spindle...

..Thus, proper architecture of the centromere makes an important contribution to achieving high fidelity of chromosome segregation...

..These data support a modified search-and-capture model that incorporates additional assembly pathways coordinated by a RanGTP gradient...

..Here we review key proteins involved in centriole assembly, compare two major modes of centriole biogenesis, and discuss the mechanisms that ensure stringency of centriole number...

..Thus, kinetochore attachment to microtubules is sufficient to satisfy the SAC even in the absence of interkinetochore tension...

..These results support a model in which kinetochores play the dominant role in the chromosome-mediated pathway of mitotic spindle assembly...

..Thus, we propose that androgen and Src signaling regulate microtubule nucleation during interphase by promoting the centrosomal localization of gamma-tubulin...

..Our major thesis is that the limitations of the technology are no longer at the level of the laser, microscope, or software, but instead only in defining creative questions and in visualizing the target to be destroyed...

..Several new structures are then assembled to separate the chromosomes and partition the cytoplasm into two separate cells...

..We propose that these forces are important both in maintaining the overall structure of the microtubule array and in supporting intracellular traffic...

..Activation of Plk1 during late S/G2 induces procentriole maturation, and after this point, the centriole cycle can be completed autonomously, even in the absence of cell-cycle progression...

..A new study has revealed that inhibiting this microtubule flux in mammalian cells has no major effects on chromosome movements; it does, however, increase the probability of erroneous chromosome segregation...

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..By selectively ablating only one centriole at a time, we find that the presence of a single centriole inhibits the assembly of additional centrioles, indicating that centrioles have an activity that suppresses the de novo pathway...

..We discuss practical considerations for minimizing this damage, and for maintaining the general health of the cell, while it is being followed by multi-mode or multi-dimensional light microscopy...

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..These data suggest that incorporation of the two identical light chains into a single kinesin molecule most likely occurs cotranslationally...

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..Since centrosome abnormalities are a hallmark of malignant tumors, the knowledge obtained in these studies will be useful for designing new strategies for the treatment of cancers. ..

..Since centrosome abnormalities are a hallmark of cell transformation and cancer, this knowledge will be useful for designing new strategies for the treatment of this disease. ..

..g., as cancer, Alzheimer's, arthritis, etc.) ..

..Since centrosome abnormalities are a hallmark of malignant tumors, the knowledge obtained in these studies will be useful for designing new strategies for the treatment of cancers. ..