Peter F Wright

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..With that, I will finish what I would consider as a report rather than an original talk...

..In the present study, the NS2 gene, whose encoded protein antagonizes the host's interferon- alpha / beta response, was deleted from RSV vaccine candidates by use of reverse genetics...

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..The impact of RSV during this surveillance will inform the design of future efficacy studies with RSV vaccines...

..This article reviews TIV safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in children, current vaccine recommendations, and vaccine administration and dosage...

..Unlike HEp-2 cells, in which wild-type and live-attenuated vaccine candidate viruses grow equally well, the vaccine candidates exhibit growth in HAE that parallels their level of attenuation in children...

..The limited association of HRV RNA with illness suggests caution in assigning causality of HRV PCR positivity to clinical symptoms of respiratory illness...

..Although annual influenza vaccination is recommended for kidney transplant recipients, efficacy as reflected by serum antibody titers has not been well studied beyond 1 month in kidney transplant recipients...

..8), which suggests a lack of oral shedding of vaccinia after immunization. This supports recommendations that individuals who were recently vaccinated against smallpox do not require placement in airborne or droplet precautions...

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..Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) is not licensed for use in infants <6 months old, the group with the highest influenza hospitalization rates among children...

..These findings inform our understanding of RSV pathogenesis and may facilitate the development of new approaches for prevention and treatment...

..Our results suggest that persistent/latent viral infection in the respiratory tract confounds interpretation of the association of pathogen detection by PCR with acute respiratory infection in these sources...

..We observed an age-dependent increase in reovirus-specific antibodies in children 1 year of age and older, peaking at 50.0% in children 5-6 years of age. These findings suggest that reovirus infections are common during early childhood...

..The epidemiology of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has not been established using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques in a specimen collection that spans decades...

..The role that human metapneumovirus (hMPV) plays in the etiology of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in children over a period of many years has not been evaluated previously...

..However, an asymptomatic localized erythematous rash at the injection site was seen in 17/20 rDEN4Delta30-4995 vaccinees. Therefore, alternative DENV4 vaccine strains were selected for further clinical development...

..Heterotypic antibody responses were an important component of the total dengue immunity profile...

..The response was not influenced by age, primary diagnosis, amount of virus recovered, or severity of illness but was suppressed by preexisting antibody...

..Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) cause common colds, and the recently discovered HRV-C is increasingly associated with lower respiratory illness among populations such as children and asthmatic patients...

..This analysis looks at maternal outcomes in this cohort after delivery...

..NHBE cultures could be considered for use as a screening step for evaluating the restricted replication of influenza vaccine candidates...

..The multiplex approach enhances diagnosis through detection of respiratory viral etiologic agents in cases in which the presence of the agent was not suspected and a test was not ordered by the clinicians...

..To assess the optimal method for covering smallpox vaccination sites to prevent transmission of vaccinia...

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..To provide a sufficient level of immunity to widely prevalent, highly neurovirulent strains of TBEV in humans, vaccine candidates will likely need to be based on the TBEV structural protein genes...

..We hypothesized that kidney transplant recipient participants administered tacrolimus-based regimens would have decreased antibody response compared with healthy controls...

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..These results suggest that signaling through IP has antiviral effects while protecting against RSV-induced illness and that PGI(2) is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of RSV...

..Together, these data suggest an important role for effector CD8+ T cells in controlling poxvirus infection, and have implications for our understanding of human CD8+ T cell differentiation...

..Thus, in archival specimens stored at -70 degrees C, PCR was more sensitive than viral culture. However, testing of fresh specimens had the highest yield in this study. Studies of optimal methods for specimen storage are needed...

..These observations suggest a selective alteration in the production of HIV-1-specific IgA antibodies in HIV-1-infected individuals...

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..We investigated an outbreak of RSV infection in a NICU and its impact on health care delivery, outcomes and costs...

..While respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as an important target of vaccine development for infants, its impact on adults is underappreciated...

..This review will focus on the development, limitations, and potential of a leading candidate vaccine studied in children. This is a live, attenuated, intranasally administered cold-adapted influenza vaccine...

..CONCLUSIONS: Human metapneumovirus infection is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in the first years of life, with a spectrum of disease similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus...

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..Our review of the available data in the literature reinforces how difficult answering these considerations has been and how important study design will be in determining the effect of specific vaccines on all-cause mortality...

..Many Haitian adolescents and youth are highly vulnerable to HIV infection. It was important to define the risk factors of the young people who are already seeking care...

..We postulated that the p24 antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay could be simplified by eliminating signal amplification without compromising diagnostic accuracy...

..Both vaccines were immunogenic, and antibody responses were similar between the monovalent groups and the combination group. Combined RSV/PV3 vaccine is feasible for simultaneous administration, and further studies are warranted...

..ca revertants were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: The cp-45 vaccine is appropriately attenuated and immunogenic in infants as young as 1 month of age. Further development of this vaccine is warranted...

..Particular attention must be given to areas where the risks for wild poliovirus circulation have been highest, and where the highest rates of polio vaccine coverage must be maintained to suppress cVDPV emergence...

..Overall, the outcomes are similar to those in the United States. These results provide evidence in support of international efforts to make antiretroviral therapy available to patients with AIDS in developing countries...

..This study examined the transmissibility between young children of an intranasally administered live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3)-cp45 vaccine candidate...

..To assess the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory infections (LRI) in children in four developing countries...

..Recombination technology can be used to create live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines that contain combinations of known attenuating mutations...

..vCP1452 was administered alone or with a heterologous boost of MN rgp120 glycoprotein. The trial was pivotal in deciding whether these vaccines advanced to phase 3 efficacy trials...

..PIV3-cp45 vaccine was safe and immunogenic in seronegative children and should be evaluated for efficacy in a phase 3 field trial...

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..These data have potential implications in the transmission of HIV-1 in the oral cavity...

..CONCLUSIONS: Informed consent using an educational video ensured good comprehension in most of the volunteers. Additional educational sessions may be necessary for some participants with lower educational level...

..CONCLUSIONS: Despite perinatal HIV treatment, mortality in children born to HIV-infected mothers remained high. Bacteremia, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, is a partial explanation for excess illness...

..Data are limited about the effectiveness of pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-income countries...

..Hospitalizations associated with culture-positive influenza occurred at an annual rate of 3-4 per 1000 children aged <2 years. Influenza is associated with substantial morbidity in otherwise healthy children aged <5 years...

..This article examines these issues and proposes specific next steps to facilitate the routine inclusion of this high-priority population in preventive HIV vaccine trials as early and seamlessly as possible...

..A second dose of varicella vaccine is expected to increase seroconversion rates and vaccine effectiveness...