John V Williams

..Nine patients with hMPV developed LRI; 3 of these patients died. hMPV is a common cause of respiratory infections in adults with hematologic malignancies, with associated morbidity and mortality...

..In the current study, we sought to investigate an association between hMPV and children presenting with AOM as a primary diagnosis...

..The role that human metapneumovirus (hMPV) plays in the etiology of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in children over a period of many years has not been evaluated previously...

..Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children. Population-based incidence rates and comprehensive clinical characterizations of disease have not been established...

..There was a dose-response relationship between the dose of DS7 and virus titer. Human Fab DS7 may have prophylactic or therapeutic potential against severe hMPV infection...

..This model will allow further in vivo studies of hMPV pathogenesis and evaluation of vaccine candidates...

..Several zoonotic paramyxoviruses, including Nipah and Hendra viruses, have emerged as occasional causes of sever outbreaks of respiratory tract illness in children and adults...

..2 (95% CI 4.3, 17.6), 4.2 (95% CI 1.9, 6.9), and 0 (95% CI 0, 3.7) in children aged <6 months, 6-23 months, and 24-59 months, respectively. Coronaviruses were identified in a modest number of hospitalized children...

..The inpatient and outpatient burden of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection among young children has not been well established...

..The epidemiology of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has not been established using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques in a specimen collection that spans decades...

..Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) cause common colds, and the recently discovered HRV-C is increasingly associated with lower respiratory illness among populations such as children and asthmatic patients...

..Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus infections are the most common significant infant respiratory tract illnesses and are associated with increased but differential risks of childhood asthma...

..Current evidence supporting the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalizations in older adults is insufficient...

..Longer surveillance studies are needed to better understand the seasonal epidemiology of HMPV and to assess if co-infection with HMPV and RSV leads to more severe illness...

..Although recent studies have identified new group C human rhinoviruses (HRVCs), their spectrum of pediatric disease is unknown...

..We conclude that sequence-optimized hMPV F protein protects against hMPV infection when delivered as either a DNA or a protein vaccine in cotton rats...

..We sought to perform a real-world comparison of two molecular respiratory viral diagnostic methods between two experienced respiratory virus research laboratories...

..We found that RSV clinical isolates induce variable pathogenesis in mice, and we established a mouse model of clinical isolate strain-dependent RSV pathogenesis that recapitulates key features of RSV disease...

..We performed a prospective study to determine the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in older adults in comparison with influenza virus...

..Aberrant cytokine gene expression was not detected in these animals. Together, these results represent an important first step toward the use of VRPs encoding hMPV F proteins as a prophylactic vaccine for hMPV...

..Unlike the analogous non-fusion glycoproteins of other human paramyxoviruses, HMPV G does not appear to be a protective antigen. This represents an unusual feature of HMPV...

..The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the BinaxNow Influenza A&B rapid antigen test (RAT) in emergency department (ED) patients...

..We estimated ≈10 visits per 1,000 residents during the pandemic period. This estimate should help emergency departments prepare for future pandemics...

..Therefore, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may represent a therapeutic target in the treatment of respiratory viruses...

..Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness in children. We examined the diversity and molecular evolution of HMPV using 85 full-length F (fusion) gene sequences collected over a 20-year period...

..Recombinant hMPV F protein binds to cells, whereas Arg-Gly-Glu (RGE)-mutant F protein does not. These data suggest that alphavbeta1 integrin is a functional receptor for hMPV...

..Immunoprophylaxis among infants who met national criteria for prophylaxis increased from 33% to 83% over the 6-year period; 17% (11/65) of infants who received immunoprophylaxis did not meet eligibility criteria...

..Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a paramyxovirus with multiple genetic lineages that is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease. Several RT-PCR assays have been described based on limited available sequence data...

..Moreover, although several hypotheses have been advanced to explain virus-induced exacerbations, their mechanism remains unclear...

..The primary goals are to investigate both the acute and the long-term health consequences of varying severity and aetiology of clinically significant viral respiratory tract infections on early childhood outcomes...

..Risk factors for severe human rhinovirus (HRV)-associated infant illness are unknown...

..To define the utility of using routine diagnostic methods to detect influenza in older, hospitalized adults...

..59, 2.04) in the intervention county and 1.53 (95% CI 0.71, 2.34) in the control county. These rates did not differ significantly except in the subgroup aged 50 -- 64 years where rates in the intervention county were significantly lower...

..These results suggest a stepwise mechanism of HMPV entry mediated by the F protein through its interactions with cellular receptors, including RGD-binding integrins...

..These biased features of the RSV-specific repertoire likely contribute to the poor functional Ab response in very young infants...

..In April 2009, a pandemic caused by a novel influenza strain, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, started. Few age-specific estimates of hospitalizations associated with the first year of circulation of the pandemic virus are available...

..Few studies have investigated the disease burden and genetic diversity of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) in developing countries...

..CONCLUSIONS: Human metapneumovirus infection is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in the first years of life, with a spectrum of disease similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus...

..This work showed that HMPV N and P proteins provide the minimal viral requirements for HMPV inclusion body formation, which may be a distinguishing characteristic of members of the subfamily Pneumovirinae...

..9-312]; P=.03). None of the patients with hMPV infection at hospitalization tested positive at follow-up, strongly suggesting that hMPV plays a direct etiologic role in acute asthma exacerbations...

..Inactivated non-adjuvanted pandemic vaccines offered significant protection against confirmed pandemic influenza-associated medical care visits in young adults...

..5%) to a laboratory-based commercially available kit. These results indicate that this extraction cassette design has the potential to be an effective sample preparation device suitable for use in a low-resource setting...

..Our studies provide evidence that hMPV also uses a coiled-coil structure as a major player in the fusion process. Additionally, viral HR-1 peptide sequences may need further investigation as potent fusion inhibitors...

..We observed an age-dependent increase in reovirus-specific antibodies in children 1 year of age and older, peaking at 50.0% in children 5-6 years of age. These findings suggest that reovirus infections are common during early childhood...

..Healthcare-associated transmission of respiratory viruses is a concerning patient safety issue...

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..These findings highlight broadly conserved regions of the HMPV genome and suggest unidentified biological roles for SH and G...

..These findings provide guidance for laboratories attempting to culture HMPV and relevant information for infection control policies...

..We investigated an outbreak of RSV infection in a NICU and its impact on health care delivery, outcomes and costs...

..Only 1 (2%) of 48 patients with acute KD was positive by RT-PCR for HCoV-NL63/NH in a nasopharyngeal swab. These data do not support an association between these HCoVs and KD...

..The regimen was well tolerated and was associated with a decrease in viral burden...

..We identified the F protein of RSV line 19 as a factor that plays a role in pulmonary mucin expression in the setting of RSV infection...

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..Finally, we illuminate key unanswered questions and suggest how further studies can elucidate how this clinically important paramyxovirus fusion protein may have evolved to initiate infection by a unique mechanism...

..Our results suggest that persistent/latent viral infection in the respiratory tract confounds interpretation of the association of pathogen detection by PCR with acute respiratory infection in these sources...

..These data suggest that residual fetal bias of the B cell repertoire is not a limiting determinant of the quality of Ab responses to viruses of infants beyond the neonatal period...

..The assay was successfully applied in an investigation of a coincidental outbreak of HRV respiratory illness among laboratory staff...

..In addition, human metapneumovirus should be added to the potentially serious causes of RV infections in HSCT...

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..The specific aims of this study are to define the prevalence of hMPV infection in children, describe fully the spectrum of clinical illness and identify serologic markers of seroconversion and correlates of immunity. ..

..The proposed work will provide the candidate skills and experience to be an outstanding physician-scientist in the field of human viral immunology. ..

..Further, the results of this work will increase our understanding of how interactions between respiratory viruses and the immune system contribute to disease and protection. ..