Sten Vermund

..There is little information on abdominal TB in HIV infection. We estimated the prevalence and clinical features of abdominal (excluding genitourinary) TB in HIV infected adults attending the University Teaching Hospital, Zambia...

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..Recent developments in phylodynamic approaches have made it possible to obtain estimates of sequence evolution rates and network parameters for epidemics...

..A tailored nation-by-nation approach is needed for the transition to full local capacitation; donor nation policymakers must ensure that global resources and technical support are not removed prematurely...

..The researchers compared costs of diagnosis and drugs for two strategies: (1) empirical treatment of malaria via clinical diagnosis; and (2) empirical diagnosis followed by treatment only with Giemsa smear confirmation...

..Within 18 clinical sites in rural Zambézia Province, Mozambique, patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy has been sub-optimal...

..The objective of this study was to track dynamic changes in HIV-1 prevalence and incidence among five focal populations in Dehong and to assess the impact of HIV prevention and control efforts...

..The feasibility and acceptability of partner notification (PN) for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in developing countries was assessed through a comprehensive literature review, to help identify future intervention needs...

..Normative data are limited for populations in sub-Saharan Africa, especially comparing women with and without HIV infection, and comparing infants with and without HIV infection or HIV exposure...

..The crumbling Mozambican health care system was wholly inadequate to support the need for new chronic disease services for people with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)...

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..We review briefly the public health situation in Asia, highlighting research questions from US-Japan-Asian partner joint meetings, and cite salient studies to indicate trends and challenges...

..The combined programmatic and scientific efforts through 2008 to reduce sexual transmission of HIV have failed to reduce substantially the global pandemic...

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..By selectively targeting clients who either volunteer or have clinical indications of HIV disease, standard approaches to HIV counseling and testing are presumed more cost-efficient than PITC...

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..To estimate the impact of small changes in plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA on the risk of heterosexual transmission or disease progression to an AIDS-defining event or death...

..We sought to assess travel to point-of-care for ART as a potential barrier to adherence in rural Zambia, within the context of patient demographics, perceived stigma, and selected clinical indices...

..0 log(10) copies per mL or less, even small changes in plasma HIV-RNA concentrations have been shown to slow HIV progression and could translate into population-level benefits in lowering HIV transmission risk...

..We also demonstrate that with basic infrastructure and community involvement, regular deworming can be implemented effectively in remote, rural communities...

..We sought to better establish prevalence estimates and evaluate risk factors of CIN among HIV-infected women in Pune, India using colposcopy and histopathology as diagnostic tools...

..Dehong's 1.1 million people confront a serious HIV problem fuelled by injection drug use. The aim of this study is to improve the 2005 estimates of the true status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Dehong Prefecture...

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..Global expansion of STI treatment and male circumcision programs are vital tools for control of HIV infection; current evidence is reviewed and research priorities are presented...

..Support for surveillance and strategic analyses can enable policy decision makers to make more effective program choices and mobilize adequate resources to contain HIV...

..The objective of the study was to examine the association between douching and 4 sexually transmitted infections (STIs)...

..Many Haitian adolescents and youth are highly vulnerable to HIV infection. It was important to define the risk factors of the young people who are already seeking care...

..However, national level estimates of the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C are currently not available...

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..We evaluated the prevalence and predictors of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among HIV-infected women in Zambia...

..This article summarizes a presentation by Sten H. Vermund, MD, PhD, at the International AIDS Society-USA course in Chicago in May 2004...

..Patient attrition and non-adherence represented a major source of program inefficiency, which requires to be systematically addressed...

..The priority areas for research are most relevant today given the increasing availability of HAART...

..To assess the uptake of and adherence to nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission among women of unknown HIV serostatus presenting in labor. We also assessed preliminary efficacy of the approach...

..Practitioner education is as important as patient education in eliminating pediatric HIV in the Deep South...

..The high helminth prevalence and potential for adverse interactions between helminths and HIV suggests that helminth diagnosis and treatment should be part of routine HIV care...

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..These observations suggest that the primary protective factor is CD8 cell activity in both the HIV-positive donor and the HIV-negative partner. These findings have substantial implications for vaccine development...

..99 (1.28, 3.08), and a higher CD4+ T cell count, RR = 1.15 (1.0028, 1.3115) for 100 cells. Interventions to prevent curable STI in HIV-infected women are warranted in primary care settings...

..Interventions to treat problem drinking are needed and may improve adherence to medication for HIV-infected persons living in rural, town, and small-city areas...

..Before significant inroads can be made in decreasing the incidence of HIV infection among pregnant women, population-based strategies that involve men must be implemented...

..Single-dose intrapartum and neonatal nevirapine (NVP) reduces perinatal HIV transmission and is in increasingly common use throughout the developing world...

..To achieve sustainable approaches to HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome care, research relevant to resource-limited settings must involve local researchers and community representatives to promote development of local capacity...

..This study evaluated the validity of concerns about the toxicity of nevirapine (NVP) that have delayed its implementation as a perinatal HIV prevention strategy...

..CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians treating patients with protease inhibitors should consider providing risk-reduction counseling...

..Intervention programs directed at these high risk populations for HIV infection in Ghana are urgently needed...

..0001). CONCLUSION: A generalizable genetic scoring algorithm based on seven HLA class I and CCR markers is highly predictive of viremia and immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected adolescents...

..Because Delta 32 is rare in Africans and Asians, it seems plausible that differential genetic susceptibility, in addition to social and behavioral factors, may contribute to the rapid heterosexual spread of HIV-1 in Africa and Asia...

..To compare cytology with cervicography in HIV-infected and uninfected adolescent females...

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..To determine the population effectiveness of a city-wide perinatal HIV prevention program...

..Despite the proven benefits conferred by early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis and presentation to care, delays in HIV medical care are common; these delays are not fully understood, especially in the southern United States...

..The outcomes of this study highlight the need for urgent medical and anthropologic approaches to stop HIV transmission in indigenous Amazonian communities...

..We studied the prevalence of and predictors for traditional medicine use among pregnant women seeking care in the Lusaka, Zambia public health system...

..We developed a more effective method based on a decision tree algorithm to classify subjects...

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..We conclude that most HIV transmission in non-urban Alabama and Mississippi is acquired locally. These results underline the need to expand HIV prevention programs in the Deep South...

..We review here the benefits conferred by HIV care, descriptive epidemiology of delayed HIV diagnosis and care, and potential barriers to early medical care with special reference to conditions prevalent in the South...

..To determine the influence of body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy outcomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Zambian women and to assess the possible role of BMI on mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV...

..Younger HIV-infected women were at highest risk. Universal integrated antenatal HIV and syphilis screening and treatment is essential in sub-Saharan African settings...

..Among patients with suspected treatment failure, a lower MPR was associated with higher rates of detectable viremia. However, the suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of MPR limit its utility as a sole predictor of virologic failure...

..China has taken steps to halt illegal plasma collection and to improve blood-banking methods. However, there will be an ongoing challenge to care for patients with HCV infection, even as its incidence decreases...

..Further education, condom promotion, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections should be intensified urgently to combat the rising HIV epidemic among MSM in Beijing...

..We investigated the hypothesis that the severity of HIV disease and immune dysfunction among mothers is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among their uninfected infants...

..7% at 1 to 2 months, and 100% at 3 to 6 months of age. The HIV-1 DNA N3M-PCR assay on DBSs offers a simple and affordable approach for early infant HIV-1 diagnosis in regions with diverse HIV-1 circulating subtypes...

..The implementation of disease-specific research or service programs may have an ancillary beneficial or harmful impact on routine clinical services...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is effective and safe among women who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...

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..4; 95% CI, 1.2-14.0; P = 0.04) were associated with HIV and/or HCV infections. CONCLUSIONS: HIV and HCV infections are now prevalent in these Chinese communities. HIV projects should consider screening and care for HCV co-infection...

..Whether we pursue option 1 or 2 will depend upon the results of Specific Aim 1. Year two of this R03 award will be in the pursuit of option 1 or 2, as the science dictates. ..

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..Therefore, our agenda is complementary to long-term investments (finding a cure, vaccine, or microbicide). ..

..We intend to use the findings to help the China CDC establishing a better estimation model for HIV/AIDS. ..

..The long-term objective of this research is to prevent the transmission of PC in the health care as well as the home setting, thereby reducing the risk of PC infection among immunosuppressed individuals. ..