Yi Wei Tang

..Although molecular techniques are predicted to be widely used in diagnosing and monitoring CNS infections, the limitations as well as strengths of these techniques must be clearly understood by both clinicians and laboratory personnel...

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..On the basis of the close biochemical reactions with S. lugdunensis and phylogenetic evidence, these isolates are proposed the designation Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis sp. nov...

..041). These data indicate that host polymorphisms play a role in determining responses to influenza vaccine...

..05). Immunohistochemistry for EBV or HHV-8 antigen showed viral antigen primarily in airway epithelial cells. These data support the concept that a herpesvirus could be a source of chronic antigenic stimulation in IPF...

..The Invader Plus method provides another reliable tool for qualitative detection of VZV and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine virus...

..Gradually becoming standardized and widely available, the future will see some promising molecular methods become a mainstay in clinical laboratories for recognition and diagnosis of atypical pneumonia pathogens...

..T helper (Th)-like immune responses were determined solely by the initial vaccination, while weight loss, viral replication, neutralizing antibody responses, and CTL activities were also influenced by boosted vaccinations...

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..Thus, positive PCR results in urine specimens correlate with positive culture results, but not with antigenuria. The low sensitivity of this PCR assay in urine limits its use in the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis...

..pneumoniae DNA in CSF. The TaqMan system may not be sensitive enough for diagnostic purposes due to the low C. pneumoniae copies existing in the majority of CSF specimens from MS patients...

..The miniMAG yielded the highest quantity of nucleic acids, suggesting that this system would be the best for specimens containing a low number of microorganisms of interest...

..Similarly, viral sequences in plasma did not vary over this interval. This study provides evidence that HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma arise from distinct compartments...

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..5 to 18.5 h. These data demonstrate that the MicroSeq 500 16S bacterial sequencing kit provides a potentially powerful method for the definitive identification of clinical coryneform bacterium isolates...

..Penicillin resistance is rapidly increasing among S. pneumoniae isolates in Tennessee. The simultaneous detection of S. pneumoniae and high-level penicillin resistance can be accurately performed with the six-primer PCR assay...

..quintana, B. henselae, and C. burnetii, respectively, by the dPCR assay, which matched the results obtained by universal bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing...

..This article addresses the emerging aspects of infections caused by S aureus, including microbiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and immunity...

..intracellulare complex strains into M. avium and M. intracellulare may provide a tool to better understand the role of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex isolates in human disease...

..The analytical sensitivity of the assays was 50 CFU per reaction, and the clinical sensitivity and specificity were both 100% for S. aureus detection and 100% and 98% for methicillin resistance determination, respectively...

..This study demonstrates the presence of a predominant clone among central line isolates from an OW that is not present in CoNS venipuncture isolates from an ER...

..Thus, in archival specimens stored at -70 degrees C, PCR was more sensitive than viral culture. However, testing of fresh specimens had the highest yield in this study. Studies of optimal methods for specimen storage are needed...

..We evaluated the performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay (QuickVue Influenza Test) completed at the bedside of hospitalized children during the influenza season...

..Specimens with discrepant results for GDH and toxins A/B, which comprised 13.2% of the specimens, need to be retested...

..The assay also provides information on ethambutol, fluoroquinolone, and diarylquinoline resistance and lineage-specific polymorphisms, to yield highly discriminative digital signatures potentially suitable for epidemiology tracking...

..89 ng/ml) were significantly lower than those prior to the treatment (15.68 ng/ml, Wilcoxon P = 0.01). The study demonstrates that the RTCA assay provides a functional tool for the potential assessment of C. difficile infections...

..The multiplex approach enhances diagnosis through detection of respiratory viral etiologic agents in cases in which the presence of the agent was not suspected and a test was not ordered by the clinicians...

..9% and 99.5% to the genus level and 99.1% and 98.5% to the species level, respectively. Both systems provide reliable results, and the Biotyper system offers a rapid tool for urine bacterial isolate identification...

..The clinical sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.6%, respectively, when the results of the method were validated against the results obtained with a PCR colorimetric microtiter plate system by use of clinical CSF specimens...

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..The Biotyper system provides a rapid and simple screening tool for identifying many, but not all, suspicious colonies grown on selective media within 24 h after inoculation, which shortens test turnaround time by 2 to 3 days...

..The current limitations of laboratory testing for the detection of human herpesvirus virus 6 (HHV-6) in clinical specimens with low HHV-6 viral loads make this area a priority for further research and development...

..We then focus on a new method that combines nucleic acid amplification with mass spectrometry in a novel approach to molecular diagnosis of bloodstream infections...

..TaqMan, which is rapid, sensitive and reproducible, provides an alternative tool for the quantitative analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in the murine model of RSV immunopathogenesis...

..The name "Mycobacterium hackensackense" is proposed for this unique strain, 147-0552(T), which was deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC BAA-823(T)...

..8% and 84.4% (P = 0.002) and specificities of 95.8% and 98.6% (P < 0.05), respectively...

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..Repeating specimens in the retest zone is necessary, but a second retest does not offer advantages over the first retest...

..aureus infections after prolonged antibiotic therapy. An unusual case of multiorgan infection in the absence of prolonged antibiotic therapy in a pediatric patient is reported...

..Our data indicated that the Sepsityper specimen processing and Microflex analysis by the MALDI Biotyper system provide a rapid and reliable tool for yeast species identification directly from positive blood culture media...

..To determine whether a point-of-care rapid influenza test impacts the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of children with acute respiratory illnesses...

..To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nosocomial isolate with carbapenemase-mediated resistance causing infection in a patient from Tennessee...

..We report the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with a Mycobacterium haemophilum and Histoplasma capsulatum coinfection occurring 21 years after a living-donor-related renal transplant...

..Establishment of VREF endemicity was initially characterized by clonal spread of type O strains. Subsequently, polyclonal dissemination may have been due to microevolutionary changes among type O strains...

..Hospital acquisition of VRE contributes substantially to the increasing prevalence of VRE in the chronic hemodialysis patient population...

..These findings do not support a role for Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 8, or parvovirus B19 in the pathogenesis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis...

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..We did not detect infectious enteritis pathogens in any of the NEC tissues and conclude that gastrointestinal pathogens are a rare cause of NEC...

..Febrile seizures may be a complication in young children experiencing infection with high viral loads of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus...

..Further validation and implementation of such emerging molecular assays in routine clinical virology services will enhance the rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections and improve patient care...

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..This artifact is attributable to shipping frozen plasma in primary plasma preparation tubes and is not caused by the HIV-1 RNA detection assay; it can be avoided by shipping plasma in a secondary tube...

..More Legionella strains, especially the non-L. pneumophila strains, need to be included in the current Biotyper database to cover varieties of Legionella species and to increase identification accuracy...

..Significant risk factors for severe disease include preexisting liver disease. We report a case of Vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with previously undiagnosed chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis...

..CONCLUSIONS: VRE was recovered from nonhospitalized patients. Physicians should be alert to the potential of VRE transmission in the ambulatory care setting...

..001). Antibiotic exposure was significantly associated with higher VRE stool densities (P<.001). The high false-negative rate of the RS may be contributing to the continued increase in the prevalence of VRE...

..Our results suggest that persistent/latent viral infection in the respiratory tract confounds interpretation of the association of pathogen detection by PCR with acute respiratory infection in these sources...

..Invalid GXEA result rates were markedly diminished by 82.1% and 96.0% and test sensitivities were minimally decreased by 1.7% and 3.6% when these specimens were tested at a 1:5 dilution and after a freeze-thaw cycle, respectively...

..Our data suggest obesity accelerates kidney injury, linked to augmented inflammation in adipose and kidney tissues and a proinflammatory shift in macrophage and M1/M2 balance...

..We postulate that these PAI-1 effects on adipocytes may, at least in part, be mediated via modulation of plasmin activity and extracellular matrix components...

..CONCLUSION: Molecular typing by AFLP is comparable to PFGE for A baumannii and P aeruginosa isolates. For VRE isolates, however, PFGE remains the method of choice...

..However, there are no human studies that examine the correlates of resistance or susceptibility to severe and fatal HME...

..Blood fungal cultures in this case remained negative, suggesting that molecular assays may facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis...

..Ehrlichia infections can occur in transplant recipients who live in an endemic area. With prompt treatment, the infected transplant recipients in our study had similar, favorable outcomes compared to immunocompetent patients...

..Identification of the pathogens allowed the use of less empirical and more organism-specific therapy...

..The entire Templex procedure, including DNA extraction, can be completed within 5 hours, providing a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool for HPV detection and typing that is amenable to automation...

..Genotypes were determined for 136 of 137 specimens by the Bayer method, 121 of 137 specimens by the Invader assay, and only 77 of 137 specimens by the Abbott assay. All reported genotypes were concordant by all three methods...

..These data indicate that SCCmec-IV MRSA isolates frequently infect children in middle Tennessee and are likely to harbor the PVL gene...

..CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively high test kit costs were noted, the MinElute kit provides another rapid and user-friendly specimen processing tool in the diagnostic molecular microbiology laboratory...

..This TSLS outbreak in southeastern China was caused by a toxigenic clone of S. mitis. An apparently novel toxin may explain the unusual virulence of this organism...

..These results support an important role for polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing to determine the etiology of culture-negative bacterial endocarditis and to guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy...

..05). Simultaneous detection of 24 common drug resistance-related mutations provides a molecular tool for studying and monitoring M. tuberculosis resistance mechanism and epidemiology...

..7% at 1 to 2 months, and 100% at 3 to 6 months of age. The HIV-1 DNA N3M-PCR assay on DBSs offers a simple and affordable approach for early infant HIV-1 diagnosis in regions with diverse HIV-1 circulating subtypes...

..We propose the designation of Acinetobacter septicus sp. nov. for these isolates, with isolate AK001 as the type strain...

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..Similarly, both hMPV DFAs are highly specific in comparison to the results of RT-PCR, but their sensitivities await further improvements...

..To provide better homogeneity between the results from the different laboratories working on HHV-6, we propose that investigators interested in quantifying HHV-6 in clinical samples adopt one of these assays...

..6; P= 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: MRSA nasal colonization is present within Nashville's healthy pediatric population. Children with household contacts employed in a hospital are significantly more likely to be colonized...

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..These data demonstrate that serogroup W135 meningococci with different genotypes, including the Hajj epidemic strain, are endemic in Turkey...

..This confirmed the etiology of the patient's rapid deterioration with multisystem organ failure...

..This assay provides a powerful tool for prospective medical diagnosis for human and canine ehrlichioses and for ecologic and epidemiological studies involving arthropod and mammalian hosts...

..Neither patient had had direct contact with animals since transplantation. These findings strongly support nosocomial transmission of B. bronchiseptica...

..0%). The strains differed significantly from CCHF viruses from other regions of the world (nucleotide sequence diversity, 10.3 to 20.4%), suggesting that CCHF virus strains recovered in the European part of Russia form a distinct group...

..EBV lytic-cycle mRNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 5 of 6 tested samples, indicating EBV replication in the CNS during coinfection...

..faecium isolates displayed indistinguishable antibiotic susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. These data strongly suggest the spread of an outbreak of E. faecium-related sepsis from pigs to humans...