Thomas R Talbot

..This document provides guidance from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America regarding use of LAIV in HCP and the infection control precautions that are recommended with its use in this population...

..During a multicenter, randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of various dilutions of smallpox vaccine, we observed the appearance of a papulovesicular eruption (focal and generalized) in study volunteers...

..Infection control practices and resources varied substantially among hospitals, and many facilities reported difficulty acquiring the data they needed to report infection rates...

..The risk of invasive pneumococcal disease among persons with asthma is unknown...

..To characterize the probability and duration of viral shedding among adults given trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)...

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..8), which suggests a lack of oral shedding of vaccinia after immunization. This supports recommendations that individuals who were recently vaccinated against smallpox do not require placement in airborne or droplet precautions...

..These recommendations apply to all types of healthcare facilities, including acute care hospitals, long-term-care facilities, and ambulatory care settings...

..To assess the optimal method for covering smallpox vaccination sites to prevent transmission of vaccinia...

..Using two prospective surveillance networks, the temporal relation between invasive pneumococcal disease and isolation of circulating winter viruses was explored...

..This review examines the available data on the use and impact of declination statements to increase health care worker vaccination rates and notes some potential pitfalls and issues that may arise with their use...

..64% overall. The baseline seroprevalence of HME was 0%. In contrast to infection in immunocompetent patients, E. chaffeensis infection in HIV-positive persons typically causes symptomatic disease...

..17-10.0). Vaccinia autoinoculation did not occur. The rate of vaccinia recovery outside occlusive bandages covering smallpox vaccination sites was remarkably low, suggesting excellent protection against inadvertent transmission...

..7%) of 182 culture samples from episodes in the pediatric cohort. Thus, empirical use of contact precautions for patients with skin abscesses should be strongly considered...

..41-7.31) and diabetes (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.42-9.36) were predictors for SSI. The exact role of blood transfusion in the pathogenesis of SSI, whether as a direct immunosuppressant or a surrogate marker for morbidity, remains unresolved...

..One measure to combat IPD is vaccination with the recently introduced 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)...

..Rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia did not significantly differ when denominator data were collected at midnight, 8 am, or 4 pm, supporting standard definitions...

..To ascertain which components of healthcare worker (HCW) influenza vaccination programs are associated with higher vaccination rates...

..2% versus 47.6%). CONCLUSIONS: With conjugate pneumococcal vaccine introduction in Tennessee, racial differences in the incidence rates of IPD have largely been eliminated, particularly in young children...

..We sought to determine the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)...

..Antibiotic postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) following pertussis exposure is recommended but has never been evaluated in healthcare personnel (HCP) vaccinated with acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap)...

..CONCLUSIONS: APSV is an effective smallpox vaccine inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses after a primary immunization even at diluted doses...

..Applying information technology may overcome some barriers and facilitate an ED-based vaccination initiative...

..Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious infection in young infants. A heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in 2000 and recommended for all children aged 2 to 23 months...

..We examined whether an information technology supported approach would provide a feasible and sustainable method to increase vaccination rates in an adult ED...

..Together, these data suggest an important role for effector CD8+ T cells in controlling poxvirus infection, and have implications for our understanding of human CD8+ T cell differentiation...

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..The authors evaluated algorithms commonly used in syndromic surveillance for use as screening tools to detect potentially clonal outbreaks for review by infection control practitioners...

..The relative risk of contamination for cultures collected through PIVs compared with dedicated venipuncture was 1.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.11)...

..Collaborative and toolkit approaches have gained traction for improving quality in health care...

..baumannii HAI. The median length of hospital stay before diagnosis of HAI was 4.5 days longer for patients with MDR A. baumannii infection than for patients with non-MDR A. baumannii infection (P < .001)...

..We describe the implementation of infection reduction protocols, including antibiotic stewardship, and assess their impact on multi-drug-resistant (MDR) healthcare-acquired gram-negative infections...

..We hypothesized a system-based initiative to reduce nosocomial infection would lower the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), urinary tract infection (UTI), and bloodstream infection (BSI)...

..However, reactogenicity was not reduced with dilution of the vaccine and, as with other smallpox vaccines, may impair daily activities...

..For the 85 patients whose cultures were determined to be contaminated, chart abstractions revealed substantial unnecessary antibiotic administration, additional laboratory tests and procedures, and hospital readmissions...

..To determine knowledge and attitudes about pertussis and pertussis vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs)...

..Infections with resistant Enterobacter spp. are increasingly described, yet data on outcomes associated with these infections are limited...

..In April 2002, a protocol change was instituted that substituted cefazolin for ceftriaxone as single-agent prophylaxis for ICP monitors...

..We also found that particular adverse events correlated with systemic cytokine patterns, which suggests a role for these molecules in the pathogenesis of adverse events...

..In this study, we investigated the impact of S. aureus conjugate vaccine comprised of capsular polysaccharides 5 and 8 (CP5, CP8) on nasal colonization with S. aureus...

..The design, implementation, and lessons learned from the pilot release of Flu Tool are described as guidance for institutions implementing decision support through a patient portal infrastructure...

..Group A streptococcal necrotizing soft-tissue infection with toxic shock is a life-threatening disease. Corticosteroid use in the treatment of this process has been reported rarely...

..To determine the frequency and clinical importance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in student athletes...

..Despite increased implementation of electronic health records, randomized controlled trials evaluating computerized reminder systems are infrequent...

..Here we review current and emerging strategies for influenza vaccination of HCWs...

..Vaccine-induced alterations in levels of these prothrombotic proteins do not appear to play a role in ischemic events observed after smallpox vaccination...

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..Overall, S aureus was detected in 21.6% of the women; 53.7% of the isolates were MRSA. Despite a lack of risk factors for MRSA colonization, rectovaginal MRSA was detected in 10.4% of pregnant women in this study...

..These infections typically reflect the level of viral activity within the community. This article focuses on the epidemiology, transmission, and control of health care-associated RSV and influenza virus...

..We assessed the utility of a computerized reminder as part of the anesthesia charting system to increase the rate of timely intraoperative prophylactic antibiotic redosing...

..In most hospitals, there were no negative consequences for healthcare workers who refused to sign the forms, and most policies were implemented along with other interventions designed to increase vaccination rates...