RICHARD CHARLES SHELTON

..The objective of the current multisite study was to compare relatively higher doses of sertraline (i.e., 150 mg/day) and venlafaxine extended release (XR) (225 mg/day) in outpatients with major depressive disorder...

..Given the limited options for bipolar depression, modafinil should be considered in patients who have not responded to approved treatments, although more research is needed...

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..However, many clinicians find management of weight gain in olanzapine treated patients a challenge. In addition, weight, waist circumference, lipids and glucose should be monitored...

..As a result, it is vital that both patients and their relatives, especially caregivers, be provided with adequate education and a realistic and objective appraisal of expected outcomes upon initiation of antidepressant treatment...

..The correlation of 5-HT(2A) receptor levels with PKA activity in the depressed group suggests that abnormalities of 5-HT(2A) receptor abundance may depend on receptor uncoupling and heterologous regulation by PKA...

..Mediational analysis suggests a bi-directional association between adiposity and depression, with inflammation possibly playing an intermediary role...

..Doing so could lead to the development of novel interventions that could target specific points of vulnerability, allowing an improved matching of patient to treatment based on differential abnormalities at the cellular level...

..By anticipating and adjusting treatment to meet patients' changing needs over time, clinicians can help them achieve and maintain remission from depression...

..Current evidence does not support its use, and, because of potential drug interactions, St John's wort is not a benign treatment...

..These data continue to support the significance of abnormalities of these two key kinases, and suggest linkages between molecular endophenotypes and specific clinical phenotypes...

..Beyond antidepressants and antipsychotics, alternative augmentation strategies include emerging pharmacologic treatments and nonpharmacologic strategies...

..Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have been hypothesized to be beneficial in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This paper will review a biochemical rationale and will summarize the data regarding the effectiveness of AAPs in TRD...

..The results of this study indicate that post-mortem brain tissue samples from BA10, a region that is involved in reward-related behavior, show evidence of local inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress in MDD...

..These problems will have to be vigorously addressed in order to achieve a substantial market penetration for these conditions...

..However, more research is needed to corroborate these early results...

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..This review compares the neurobiology of single- and dual-action mechanisms...

..The results are of potential importance because PTX3 is a member of the long pentraxin subfamily of acute-phase proteins, which is inducible by IL-1beta, and may play roles in neuroimmunity and neuroprotection...

..The current study was intended to evaluate the effects of the novel antipsychotic risperidone, the selective serotonin reup-take inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine, and the combination in patients with bipolar disorder...

..The authors examined the patterns of improvement in cognitive and vegetative symptoms of major depression in individuals treated with cognitive therapy (CT) or pharmacotherapy (PT)...

..To test the long-term efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended-release (ER) in preventing recurrence in patients with major depression...

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..This review summarizes the existing data regarding the effectiveness of these medications in treating TRD, including biochemical rationale and clinical data...

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..There has been growing evidence supporting the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs as adjunctive treatments in patients with major depression who fail to respond adequately to antidepressants...

..As such, the exact place of OFC among the available therapeutic options for TRD is not fully understood at this time...

..The effectiveness and tolerability of switching patients' therapy from brand-name to generic clozapine are reviewed...

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..Responder-enriched designs and exclusion of important clinical subgroups in the double-blind trials may limit translation of these results to routine care settings...

..Antidepressant medication prevents the return of depressive symptoms, but only as long as treatment is continued...

..Recurrent depression predicts risk for subsequent episodes, but it is unclear how it relates to demographic features, course of illness, and clinical presentation...

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..These data further implicate signal transduction abnormalities in melancholic major depression, particularly PKA and PKC. This suggests an abnormality of factors controlling the expression or degradation of these enzymes...

..The findings may have implications for clinical practice, in particular for the adjunctive use of modafinil in treatment-resistant depression...

..Olanzapine may be an effective, well-tolerated option for treating acute non-psychotic depression across a variety of bipolar disorder subtypes...

..Polymorphic transcripts of a single gene differing by one tandem repeat sequence of four nucleotides (TGAT) in the 3' noncoding region were detected...

..Two case studies are presented to elucidate the best practices for the varying clinical states of bipolar disorder...

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..This study evaluated the clinical and sociodemographic features associated with various degrees of concurrent comorbidity in adult outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..The data raise the possibility that the reduced 5-HT(2A) receptor-induced PI hydrolysis is intrinsic to the receptor itself or its coupling to Gq protein, and is not related to altered availability of the 5-HT(2A) receptor, Gq or PLC...

..In the present study, we sought to evaluate the relationships between grey matter volume, early adverse events and cortisol levels in MDD...

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..Given equivalence or modest superiority to existing, generic alternatives, the acceptability in a third-party reimbursement environment is questionable. Future clinical trials are needed to establish an appropriate market niche...

..Interestingly, the A559V variant was previously identified in a subject with bipolar disorder [. Molecular Psychiatry 5, 275], a psychiatric disorder that has a significant number of overlapping symptoms with ADHD...

..Genomic variation in the regulatory region of the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) may contribute to altered levels of 5-HT2A receptor and to psychiatric disease...

..We evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) and fluoxetine in the acute and continuation phases of treatment...

..There is substantial evidence that antidepressant medications treat moderate to severe depression effectively, but there is less data on cognitive therapy's effects in this population...

..A continuation study of an extract of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for depression was performed in follow-up to an acute study that found no significant difference between St. John's wort extract and placebo...

..This article summarizes recommendations with respect to future research as well as clinical management recommendations for SRI discontinuation syndrome...

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..If these findings are replicated in methodologically rigorous studies of paroxetine and other antidepressants, CT should be recommended, in preference to AD, for patients with multiple prior AD exposures...

..The goal of our work was to compare response rates among patients with MDD treated with either of these two broad categories of antidepressant drugs...

..To report second-year results from the 2-year maintenance phase of a long-term study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) in preventing recurrence of depression...

..To examine the efficacy and overall tolerability of augmentation of standard antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic agents for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder...

..To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive ziprasidone in subjects with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria) without psychotic features...

..There is conflicting evidence about comorbid personality pathology in depression treatments...

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..These results do not provide support for the claim that the external validity of randomized controlled trials suffers from this aspect of the randomization procedure...

..We estimate that 180 of these patients will enter the double-blind phase. ..

..These studies may shed light on important cellular mediators of depression and provide new targets for amelioration. ..

..Develop further expertise in basic molecular biological methods; 2. Develop new projects oriented to future funding opportunities; and 3. Continue to mentor the next generation of investigators. ..

..We estimate that 180 of these patients will enter the double-blind phase. ..