M C Moore

..Even in the absence of somatostatin and fixed hormone concentrations, the portal signal acts to alter partitioning of a glucose load among the tissues, stimulating NHGU and reducing peripheral glucose uptake...

..Fructose appears most effective in those normal individuals who have the poorest glucose tolerance...

..We hypothesized that an acute catalytic dose of fructose would also improve glucose tolerance in individuals with type 2 diabetes...

..05 vs. Sham-Sal), 9.8 +/- 0.9 (P < 0.05 vs. Sham-Sal), and 13.6 +/- 1.8 mg. kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively. DN caused peripheral insulin resistance, and intraportal but not peripheral acetylcholine restored insulin sensitivity...

..Therefore, we hypothesized that the combination of immunosuppressive therapy and hepatic denervation would create additional alterations in the disposition of glucose from a mixed meal...

..In the presence of hyperglycemia and relative insulin deficiency, elevated NEFAs reduce NHGU by stimulating hepatic glucose release and suppressing hepatic glucose uptake...

..SAL), and 34.7 +/- 7.7 (P < 0.05 vs. SAL). Intraportal 5-HT enhances NHGU but blunts nonhepatic glucose uptake, raising the possibility that hepatic-targeted 5-HT or 5-HT receptor agonists might reduce postprandial hyperglycemia...

..These results indicate that even under hyperinsulinemic conditions the effects of the portal signal on hepatic and peripheral glucose uptake are rapidly reversible...

..kg(-1).min(-1), respectively). In conclusion: GLP-1 increased glucose disposal in the liver independently of insulin secretion; its full action required long-term infusion. The route of infusion did not modify the hepatic response...

..The effects of insulins detemir (Det) and glargine (Glar) on endogenous glucose production (EGP) and net hepatic glucose output (NHGO) were compared...

..The primary effect of insulin on the liver is its direct action...

..Intraportal 5-HTP enhances NHGU without significantly altering nonhepatic glucose uptake or causing gastrointestinal side effects, raising the possibility that a related agent might have a role in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia...

..Chronic progesterone and estradiol exposure caused whole body (primarily skeletal muscle) insulin resistance and enhanced the liver's response to hypoglycemia without altering counterregulatory hormone concentrations...

..7 +/- 1.0 and 5.4 +/- 0.8 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, physiological GLP-1 levels increase glucose disposal in the liver, and this effect does not involve GLP-1 receptors located in the portal vein...

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..Differing insulin concentrations in pregnant and nonpregnant women and excessive insulin infusion rates may explain previous findings of hepatic insulin resistance in healthy pregnant women...

..The compound is also under investigation for the potential treatment of anemia, hemophilia and medical problems related to infertility, birth weight and excessive maternal food intake. Phase I and II clinical trials have been completed...

..023, and 0.122 +/- 0.021 during P1, P2, and P3, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. control during P2 and P3), with no significant difference in glucose infusion rates. Thus, NOS inhibition enhanced NHFE, an effect partially reversed by SIN-1...

..05). There were no significant differences between groups in the total glucose infusion rate. Thus, intraportal NPY stimulates net hepatic glucose uptake without significantly altering whole body glucose disposal in dogs...

..Hepatic glucose uptake is enhanced by the portal delivery of glucose, which creates a negative arterioportal substrate gradient. Hepatic amino acid (AA) utilization may be regulated by the same phenomenon, but this has not been proven...

..HIM2 was more effective than Humulin, perhaps because its lowered clearance caused higher levels at the liver and periphery and its biological activity was not reduced proportionally to its decreased clearance...

..05). Intraportal fluvoxamine enhanced NHGU and net hepatic carbon retention in the presence of hyperinsulinemia but not euinsulinemia, suggesting that hepatocyte-targeted SSRIs may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia...

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..Exercise stimulates insulin-dependent and -independent muscle glucose uptake, as well as the liver's ability to take up glucose...

..As a result, both groups maintained near-euglycemia. The dog glucoregulates more rigorously than the mouse in response to both portal and peripheral glucose delivery...

..Thus, activation of the Po glucose signal appears to inhibit the shift toward sympathetic dominance that would otherwise result, thereby causing an incretin effect...

..05 vs. BI) in BI, PoI, and PeI, respectively. Both direct and indirect insulin actions increase NHGU, but the rise in hepatic sinusoidal insulin appears critical for efficient storage of glucose as hepatic glycogen...

..Peripheral insulin action is markedly impaired in this canine model of pregnancy, whereas hepatic glucose production is completely suppressed by high circulating insulin levels...

..As a result, postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin release by the pancreatic beta-cell were reduced. In conclusion, catalytic amounts of fructose have the ability to improve glucose tolerance...

..The glucagon and norepinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia are blunted in late pregnancy in the dog, impacting on the magnitude of the metabolic responses to the fall in glucose...

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..1) to increase during GLP-1 infusion at 20 pmol. kg(-1). min(-1) (24% greater than control). Intraportal infusion of GLP-1 at high physiological and pharmacological rates increased glucose disposal primarily in nonhepatic tissues...