J A Pfister

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..Although limited in scope, this study indicates that horses should not be exposed to spotted locoweed...

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..Consequently, both the amount of MSAL-type alkaloids and the amount of total alkaloids should be fully characterized to determine more accurately the relative toxicity of tall larkspur plant material...

..As combined intoxications are most likely common, this information will be useful in further developing management recommendations for ranchers and in designing additional experiments to study the toxicity of death camas to livestock...

..geyeri in sufficient quantities for toxicity testing. The toxicities of 1, 2, and 7 were found to be comparable to that of 4, with calculated LD(50) values in mice of 5.7, 3.3, and 6.2 mg/kg, respectively...

..Thus, an adaptation occurs to cattle conditioned to pine needles such that the metabolism AGA by the rumen microflora is altered...

..This information would be useful for livestock producers in their breeding, culling, and grazing management programs to reduce or prevent larkspur poisoning on rangelands...

..These results demonstrate that MDL-type alkaloids have an additive effect on MLA toxicity in mice and may also play a role in the overall toxicity of tall larkspur plants in cattle...

..This review includes the history of the problem, a brief description of the signs of poisoning, the research, to identify the chemical toxins, and current management practices on prevention of poisonings...

..2 mg/kg, suggesting that prolonged locoweed exposure, even at low doses, results in significant production losses as well as histologic and functional damage...

..Additional studies are warranted to continue development of potential larkspur vaccines for livestock...

..Histologic and immunohistochemical studies are required for a definitive diagnosis...

..This study indicates that both body condition and protein intake are important factors in pine needle consumption...

..When given Se pellets, initial responses were variable, but the results indicate that cattle and sheep adjusted their intake over time to avoid excessive intake of Se. ..

..The kinetic profiles suggest that body condition influenced the disposition of these alkaloids. This study also suggests that body condition may impact the risk of toxicity, teratogenicity, or both of these alkaloids...

..Consequently other subunits of nAChRs found in the neuromuscular junction are likely the primary target for MLA and anabasine resulting in motor coordination deficiencies and acute toxicosis...

..Consequently other nAChR subunits of nAChRs found in the neuromuscular junction are probably the primary target for MLA and anabasine resulting in acute toxicosis...

..Neurological dysfunction also inhibited normal reproductive behavior, and some of these effects were permanent and progressive. In this article we briefly review the pathophysiological effects of locoweeds on reproduction...

..The tentative structure of the new alkaloids was predicted from the tandem mass spectra fragmentation patterns and assigning the substitution pattern for methoxy and acetyl groups at the C-14 and C-16 carbons...

..76 to 0.99. This predictive equation can provide a tool for ranchers and land managers to make management decisions of when to graze cattle in larkspur areas...

..The results from this study indicate that kinetic differences could partially explain species differences in susceptibility to larkspur toxicosis. ..

..It is possible that in the rat model, anabasine administered orally via the chow may not result in sufficient reduction in fetal movement to cause the significant malformations observed in livestock species. ..

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..The results also demonstrate that white snakeroot populations vary chemically and toxicologically. ..

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..These findings suggest the thyroid lesions can be attributed to thiocyanate, whereas the effects on the nervous system were most likely caused by cyanide...

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