C J Schmitt

....

....

..The biopsy needle was the most difficult to use, especially on smaller fish, and its relative expense necessitates reuse and, consequently, thorough cleaning between fish to prevent cross-contamination...

..Collectively, these results confirm that metals are released to streams from active lead-zinc mining sites and are accumulated by fish...

..These findings confirm previous studies indicating that lead and other metals are released to streams from active lead-zinc mines and are available for uptake by aquatic organisms...

..The results demonstrate the potential for adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and humans and indicate that further investigation of human health and ecological risks, to include additional exposure pathways and endpoints, is warranted...

....

..Collectively, our results indicate that Pb is both bioavailable and active biochemically in the Spring-Neosho River system...

..hylas populations in streams draining the Viburnum Trend, and that in-situ toxicity testing was a valuable tool for assessing the impacts of mining on crayfish populations...

..Sculpins may be useful as a sentinel species for assessing mining-related impacts on fish communities...

..Partial least squares with latent variable analysis of GC and ELISA data of selected Aroclors and fish samples also support the conclusion that ELISA derived PCB concentrations are dependent on the degree of chlorination...

..Endrin was detected exclusively at the Memphis site. PCB concentrations generally declined, and residues were detected (>or= 0.05 microg/g) at only 35% of the stations, mostly in the more industrialized parts of the MRB...

....

..We recommend that Zn be measured along with Pb when ALAD activity is used as a biomarker and the collection of at least 10 fish of a species at each site to facilitate statistical analysis...

..We recommend accomplishing this with longitudinal multi-habitat sampling at a larger number of sites related to all potential sources of impairment, including major tributaries, urban areas, and point sources...

..Selenium and zinc concentrations exceeded the NEHCs and LEHCs for only the small bird model. These results indicate that mercury should continue to be monitored and assessed in Alaskan fish and wildlife...

..Our results also demonstrate that metal exposure in the study area differed significantly among sample types, habitats, and years, and that these factors should be carefully considered in the design of biomonitoring studies...

..8-4.7 microg g-(1) in bass and carp); and Pb, Cd, and Zn at Station 67 (Allegheny R. at Natrona, PA), where levels of these metals were high in the past and increased from 1986 to 1995...

..Results from our study and other investigations indicate that continued monitoring in the CRB is warranted to identify consistently degraded sites and those with emerging problems...

..001). Our data indicate that potentially nonlethal blood sampling can be useful for monitoring of selected metals in carp, catfish, and perhaps other fishes...