P J Zhang

..Both rhabdomyosarcoma and small cell carcinoma could be positive for synaptophysin, a potential pitfall to avoid. In addition, all of the tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation were negative for FKHR rearrangement...

..C-kit is not useful in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors, and kit kinase inhibitor might have a limited role in the treatment of adrenal tumors and paraganglioma because of the low frequency of c-kit expression in these tumors...

..Other targets of the EWS-WT1 transcription factor other than PDGF-A may be directly responsible for the prominent tumor-associated desmoplasia seen in desmoplastic small round cell tumor...

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..TTF 1 immunostaining has the potential to misguide a pathologist to conclude an ovarian or endometrial tumor being a lung metastasis. However, the role of TTF-1 in female genital tract and its tumors is unknown...

..Detection of EWS-WT1 fusion becomes critical for the diagnosis when the characteristic divergent phenotype cannot be detected immunohistochemically...

..Caution should be taken when using MIC2 as a marker for Ewing's sarcoma/ primitive neuroectodermal tumor or lymphoblastic lymphoma on paraffin sections of either soft tissue or bone marrow specimens...

..Melanocyte-specific transcription factor is not a useful marker for desmoplastic melanoma...

..Melan-A, although very specific, cannot replace the use of S-100 and HMB-45 for the detection of metastatic melanoma in SLNs. It can, however, substitute for HMB-45 with equally good results...

..Therefore, we investigated whether immunohistochemical staining for Melan-A and Ki-67 expression can be used to discriminate these lesions, distinguishing between epithelioid and spindle cell compartments of the lesions...

..Rather, it likely signifies important biologic changes that alter tumor-stromal interactions and contribute to lymphatic spread and tumor progression...

..Our results suggest that podoplanin can be a useful tool to distinguish primary skin adnexal carcinomas form adenocarcinomas metastatic to skin with high sensitivity (94.5%) and specificity (97.2%)...

..01). These data indicate that HER2 overexpression in DCIS lesions predicts the presence of invasive foci in patients with DCIS and suggest that targeting of HER2 in an early disease setting may forestall or prevent disease progression...

..Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis plays a major role in the spread of cervical cancer; however, little is known about the mechanisms whereby tumor cells enter the lymphatic system...

..With restoration of architectural morphology, the integrity of the lamina propria in regards to the distribution of lymph vessels is restored...

..Using fluorescent immunohistochemical techniques, we provide data on the presence and distribution of EF5 binding, as a surrogate for hypoxia, in human spindle cell tumors...

..In this study, we examined the expression of p63 and p73 in 50 various benign salivary gland lesions and 45 malignant salivary gland tumors...

..These findings support the notion that giant cells in giant cell lesions are likely derived from adjacent mononuclear cells and Mitf might play a role in the multinucleation process of such cells...

..Further study of the biological function of the M2A antigen may shed some light on the interaction of tumor cells with lymphatics...

..Disease can occur in the elderly. Desmin and myogenin can aid in the diagnosis but cytokeratin reactivity can be seen and care must be taken not to diagnose carcinoma...

..DC1 vaccination strategies may therefore have potential for both the prevention and the treatment of early breast cancer...

..Lymphatic invasion is an underobserved phenomenon in primary melanomas that can be better detected by immunohistochemical staining. The presence of lymphatic invasion may be a clinically useful predictor of regionally metastatic disease...

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..The diagnosis of adrenal corticomedullary mixed tumor was confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the eighth well-documented report of this rare tumor...

..Our observations may have implications for the classification of these rare sellar neoplasms, all the while acknowledging the morphological diversity of pituicyte-related neoplasms...

..Hypoxia-inducible Epo signaling may play a significant role in the aggressive behavior and treatment resistance of hypoxic cervical cancers...

..Our results suggest that a high concordance (95.8%) between HER-Z overexpression and GA can be achieved by using more stringent pattern-modified criteria for judging protein overexpression and combined criteria for GA...

..However, there does appear to be some association with the latter group of lymphomas, which may prove to have diagnostic or therapeutic relevance as the biologic role of IMP-3 is further elucidated...

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..The significance of cytoplasmic expression of WT-1 in GIST and some smooth muscle tumors is unclear and warrant further investigation. The potential roles of WT-1 in the diagnosis and treatment of GIST were discussed...

..CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a possible role of Trk-C in the progression of early stages of melanoma...

..We also demonstrate D2-40 immunoreactivity in two cases of chordoid meningioma and, in doing so, tentatively provide a means to distinguish this tumor from chordoma...

..In summary, the monoclonal antibody D2-40 is a useful marker to distinguish HB from CRCC...

..Our results suggest that WT1 expression in epithelial tumors of the female genital tract may be related to cell differentiation and histologic subtypes of carcinomas, rather than to primary site of origin...

..Skeletal metastases from epithelial tumors may be either bone-forming (blastic) or non-bone-forming (lytic)...

..The epithelial component resembles a skin adnexal tumor, and the sarcomatous component resembles a giant cell tumor of soft parts...

..We conclude that D2-40 immunoreactivity is sensitive for cells of mesothelial origin, and may be useful in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid malignant mesothelioma vs adenocarcinoma...

..Prospective studies involving larger numbers of patients are needed to further evaluate the clinical utility of examination of podoplanin expression in patients with cervix carcinoma...

..In tumors with histologically equivocal features, immunohistochemical detection of E-cadherin expression can be a useful diagnostic tool for the differentiation of ductal and lobular carcinomas of the breast...

..06). In summary, the frequency of gelsolin deficiency increases significantly with progression from ADH to DCIS to ICA. Additionally, gelsolin expression may be an independent marker of prognosis...

..These results suggest a role for villin in the differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors...

..These findings indicate that implanted hNT neurons survive for >2 years in the human brain without deleterious effects...

..Expression of c-kit may be a potentially adverse prognostic feature in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Patients with c-kit-positive advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma might benefit from tyrosine-kinase-inhibitor therapy...

..The results suggest that CSC phenotype is dynamic and may be acquired through dedifferentiation. Oct4-mediated tumor cell dedifferentiation may have an important role during tumor progression...

..CONCLUSIONS: HBME-1, ERK, and p16 were more specific for malignancy, whereas CK19 and GAL-3 stained benign lesions with a higher frequency and were not specific for malignant FDLT. RET-oncoprotein showed poor sensitivity and specificity...

..Hence, combinatorial costimulator transfer, coupled to intratumoral delivery, may have special advantages for the induction of antitumor immunity...

..In addition, assessment of intratumoral LVD may be potentially useful in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic lesions...

..In addition to its role as a germ cell marker, PLAP may also be used as a myogenic marker in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors...

..EF5, a 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia marker, was used to study the presence, levels, and prognostic significance of hypoxia in primary head and neck squamous cell tumors...

..A malignant counterpart of this lesion exists but is extremely rare...

..Tumor grade appeared to be prognostically important in cardiac sarcoma. Long survival was achieved in patients who survived the initial surgery well...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study suggest a primary role for abnormal fibrillin and other matrix proteins in producing myxoid degeneration of mitral valve leaflets in MVPS...

..Because ischemic damage to myocytes is also known to induce apoptosis, we evaluated the prevalence of apoptosis in MFL cells in nine ischemic cardiomyopathic hearts explanted during transplantation...

..The level of NGF-2 expression was significantly lower in group I than in group III, possibly indicating abnormal angiogenesis in the formation of angiopathy...

..The histology and immunohistochemical profile of the tumor are described and the literature on visceral glomus tumors is reviewed...

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..The functional status of the endometrium had no effect on the immunoprofile. The pattern of CD34 and CD10 immunostaining in stromal cells might be helpful in determining tumor involvement in uterine and cervical sites...

..63, 15.04, and 0.11 respectively; P<0.0001). The results of the study show that intratumoral lymphatic vessel density may serve as a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of follicular patterned lesions of thyroid...

..We hypothesise that the LOH of NF1 and lack of KIT and PDGFRA mutations are evidence of an alternative pathogenesis in NF1-associated GISTs...

..We conclude that CT antigens are regularly expressed in fetal ovarian germ cells and might play an important role in male and female germ cell biology...

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