X Xu

..Thus, disabling receptor function by induced conformational changes of active binding surfaces represents an innovative paradigm in structure-based drug design...

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..Although presumed benign, to date, no published long-term follow-up studies have proved the benignity of this lesion...

..Lymphatic invasion is an underobserved phenomenon in primary melanomas that can be better detected by immunohistochemical staining. The presence of lymphatic invasion may be a clinically useful predictor of regionally metastatic disease...

..In this issue, De Giorgi et al. show that CTCs can be detected in melanoma patients using a filtration method, and that a higher percentage of patients with metastatic melanoma have detectable CTCs than do patients with primary melanoma...

..Rather, it likely signifies important biologic changes that alter tumor-stromal interactions and contribute to lymphatic spread and tumor progression...

..The results suggest that CSC phenotype is dynamic and may be acquired through dedifferentiation. Oct4-mediated tumor cell dedifferentiation may have an important role during tumor progression...

..Our findings suggest that EpoR may be constitutively active in some cancer cells in the absence of Epo and provide the first evidence for a potential role of an Epo-independent, EpoR-mediated pathway in the growth of some human cancers...

..The results suggest that the autocrine and paracrine functions of Epo might play a role in malignant transformation of melanocytes and in the survival of melanoma cells in hypoxia and other adverse conditions...

..Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis plays a major role in the spread of cervical cancer; however, little is known about the mechanisms whereby tumor cells enter the lymphatic system...

..In summary, these data demonstrate that a subpopulation of melanocytes possesses the ability to survive BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence, and suggest that p53 inactivation may promote malignant transformation of these cells...

..These data support that EpoR is functional in melanoma and EpoR activation may promote melanoma progression, and suggest that Epo may stimulate angiogenesis and increase survival of melanoma cells under hypoxic condition in vivo...

..The ability to utilize FFPE tissue in the molecular characterization of human malignancy will unlock a rich resource for future cancer studies...

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..In this study, we characterized three biomarkers of proliferation (Ki67 expression, dermal mitotic rate [MR], and tumorigenicity) in thin (< or = 1.00 mm) primary cutaneous melanomas and examined their association with prognosis...

..Histopathologic differences with immunophenotypic comparison, to our knowledge, have not been thoroughly studied. We compared these two entities with an emphasis on immunohistochemistry...

..The features of classic angiomatoid Spitz nevus are described in the context of important differential diagnostic considerations, particularly regressed malignant melanoma...

..The authors recently demonstrated hypoxia-stimulated expression of Epo and Epo receptor (EpoR) in human breast and cervical carcinomas, suggesting a role for autocrine Epo signaling in the hypoxic adaptations of carcinomas...

..The second principle is to make clinicians and patients specifically aware of the diagnostic difficulty in their lesion, so that management can be undertaken on a true informed consent basis...

..The resulting decreased apoptotic potential of hypoxic tumor cells may contribute to increased aggressiveness and therapy resistance of breast cancers...

..These data link AKT activation with MelCAM expression, and implicate that intervention of MelCAM-AKT signaling axis in melanoma is a potential therapeutical approach...

..In addition, assessment of intratumoral LVD may be potentially useful in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic lesions...

..Therefore, we investigated whether immunohistochemical staining for Melan-A and Ki-67 expression can be used to discriminate these lesions, distinguishing between epithelioid and spindle cell compartments of the lesions...

..Melan-A, although very specific, cannot replace the use of S-100 and HMB-45 for the detection of metastatic melanoma in SLNs. It can, however, substitute for HMB-45 with equally good results...

..LY294002 also inhibited the cytoprotective effects of Epo in melanoma cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that Epo promotes melanoma cell survival by activating an Akt-dependent signaling pathway...

..To analyze the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of skin metastases...

..Our data also demonstrate that the combination of DNA macroarray, LCM and quantitative real-time PCR is a powerful approach for the study of gene expression in defined cell populations with limited starting material...

..CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a possible role of Trk-C in the progression of early stages of melanoma...

..Melanocyte-specific transcription factor is not a useful marker for desmoplastic melanoma...

..Decreased expression of TR3 in metastatic melanoma cells may contribute to their reduced apoptotic potential and increased resistance to chemotherapy...

..Our results suggest that podoplanin can be a useful tool to distinguish primary skin adnexal carcinomas form adenocarcinomas metastatic to skin with high sensitivity (94.5%) and specificity (97.2%)...

..Prospective studies involving larger numbers of patients are needed to further evaluate the clinical utility of examination of podoplanin expression in patients with cervix carcinoma...

..The authors believe that these antibodies have diagnostic potential in cytopathology in the evaluation of metastatic TCC...

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..Autopsy findings showed NFD/NSF involving the skin of all extremities, as well as diffuse diaphragm involvement...

..Further study of the biological function of the M2A antigen may shed some light on the interaction of tumor cells with lymphatics...

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..Thus, the present study indicates that mAb F77 defines a unique prostate cancer marker and shows promising potential for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, especially for androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer...

..The presence of SCs with neural crest characteristics in HFs may offer new opportunities for the use of these cells in regenerative medicine...

..Based on these findings, we propose that melanomas can contain a subpopulation of stem cells that contribute to heterogeneity and tumorigenesis. Targeting this population may lead to effective treatments for melanomas...

..Immunohistochemical analysis is useful, but it cannot replace careful examination of H&E-stained sections...

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..Biopsy specimens of the lesions showed a sparse, perivascular, atypical, mononuclear infiltrate. We suggest that examination for a TMD be undertaken in neonates with a vesiculopustular eruption and leukemic white blood cell counts...

..Unfortunately, existing computer-based clustering methods developed to find those modules are either not so accurate or too slow...

..With the emerging treatment options for melanoma such as Braf inhibitors and immunotherapies, there is a strong need for ultrasensitive assays to detect early melanoma metastasis. ASSESSMENT: ..

..The proposed studies may lead to potential use of these cells in regenerative therapy and establish a novel model to study the etiology of neural crest cells related human diseases. ..

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