Adriana Weinberg

..We sought to identify the immunologic and virologic factors associated with a robust response to hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine in children on highly active antiretroviral treatment...

..To characterize the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (QHPV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, we studied their immune responses to 3 or 4 doses...

..In contrast, high nonspecific regulatory and activated T cells were associated with an increased risk of HZ...

..Antiretrovirals suppress HIV replication and prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Resistance to antiretrovirals may reduce the efficacy of PMTCT and/or complicate treatment of maternal or infant infection...

..No deaths occurred during this study. In conclusion, HMPV was associated with 6% of the RTIs in lung transplant recipients and its morbidity was similar to the average moribidity of CARVs...

..We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine as a candidate for protecting HIV-infected adults against herpes-zoster...

..We studied the relationship between VZV cell-mediated immunity and age after varicella or VZV vaccination in healthy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals...

..LAIV administration suppressed ELISPOT responses less. The clinical significance of these findings deserves further study...

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..Similarly, the magnitude of these responses early after the onset of herpes zoster correlates with the extent of zoster-associated pain. These essential immune responses are boosted by the VZV vaccine developed to prevent herpes zoster...

..However, ELISPOT values significantly decreased with the duration of storage at -70°C both in HIV-infected and uninfected donors. ELISPOT results also decreased with PBMC viability <70%...

..Our data emphasize the need to revise the treatment recommendations for pregnant women to include safer and better-tolerated drugs...

..In conclusion, the increase in progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle was associated with higher Treg frequencies and lower CMI...

..Live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) prevents more cases of influenza in immune-competent children than the trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV). We compared the antibody responses to LAIV or TIV in HIV-infected children...

..In conclusion, the virologic responses of pregnant and nonpregnant adults share similar characteristics...

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..The goal of HAART is to promote reconstitution of CD4+ T cells and other immune responses. We evaluated the extent and the kinetics of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children over 144 weeks of successful HAART...

..PBMCs from subjects receiving CAIV showed a higher proportion of functional, tissue-tropic T-cells (CD4+CD69+CD18+MIP1alpha+) specific for homotypic and heterosubtypic strains of influenza by flow cytometry...

..This is the first report of Oka-strain varicella virus causing severe disease after reactivation and of resistance to acyclovir during an infection caused by this virus...

..These data indicate that FoxP3- and TGFbeta1-expressing regulatory T cells contribute to decreased immunity in HAART recipients...

..Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (QHPV) is > 95% effective in preventing infection with vaccine-type human papillomavirus. The safety and immunogenicity of QHPV are unknown in HIV-infected children...

..The licensed, live attenuated varicella vaccine is safe and immunogenic in HIV-infected children with minimal symptoms and good preservation of CD4(+) T cells (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention immunologic category 1)...

..The vaccine significantly increased VZV-specific Th1, memory, early effector, and cutaneous homing receptor-bearing T cells...

..There were no serious adverse events. Two years after vaccination 82% of subjects remained VZV-antibody positive and 60% had VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity. No child developed herpes zoster...

..The CMV-CD4+CD27-CD28- TR may contribute to the downregulation of CMV-specific and nonspecific immune responses of CMV-infected individuals...

..CMV viremia did not appear to boost CMV-specific immunity. ELISPOT assays may be used to identify HIV-infected patients who might benefit from anti-CMV prophylactic interventions...

..Our data show that screening prospective CB donors with anti-CMV immunoglobulin M practically eliminates the risk of CB CMV transmission, but HHV-6 warrants CB testing by polymerase chain reaction...

..LAIV should be further evaluated for a role in immunizing HIV-infected children...

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..Overall, compared to other gamma-chain cytokines, IL-15 had the most favorable profile for boosting antiviral cell-mediated immunity...

..To identify factors that contribute to variability of HSV antiviral susceptibility breakpoints...

..Cohort studies may help to clarify the nature of the association between immunity to and/or clinical manifestations of varicella-zoster virus and glioblastoma...

..Novel antivirals or combination therapy may be required for the treatment of drug-resistant CMV in HCT recipients and perhaps in other severely immunocompromised patients...

..After developing HZ, only the 2 HAART-compliant patients developed VZV-CMI. Thus, VZV-specific immune reconstitution in HIV infection may require antigenic reexposure, in addition to control of HIV replication...

..We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of 2 doses of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine followed by a booster dose in HIV-infected children receiving stable highly active antiretroviral therapy...

..EBV lytic-cycle mRNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 5 of 6 tested samples, indicating EBV replication in the CNS during coinfection...

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..We concluded that the association between HIV CMI and CMV CMI indicates that the same factors govern responsiveness to either antigen...

..The trial included an immunology substudy to determine the relationship of VZV-specific immune responses to vaccination and clinical outcome...

..This effect was not observed in uninfected controls, further indicating that the down regulatory effect of apoptosis on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was specifically associated with the HIV-infected status...

..In contrast, R-Mix harvested at 24h did not seem a very useful diagnostic tool. The utility of R-Mix harvested at 120 h, which accelerated the diagnosis of 16% of positive specimens in study phase 2, needs further investigation...

..The goal of this study was to determine LPV exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy and 2 weeks postpartum with a higher LPV/RTV dose...

..Additional factors for immune reconstitution were low HIV load, high CD4+ cell percentages, and low levels of activated CD8+ cells...

..Monoclonal antibodies have activity in murine models but are not available in humans. Several vaccines are promising in animal models, but their safety and efficacy have not yet been evaluated in humans...

..Overall, HCT concentrations of estrogen and progesterone downregulated ex vivo VZV CMI of HIV-infected and uninfected subjects...

..Respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management...

..In conclusion, AZT had the most pronounced inhibitory effect on CMI. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of this observation...

..HHV-6 was likely pathogenic in two patients with meningitis who lacked evidence of another microbiologic cause. HHV-6 and HHV-7 are uncommon causes of CNS infection in children. HHV-6 may occasionally cause meningitis in young infants...

..Vaccination to protect HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns from new influenza strains is feasible, but more immunogenic platforms should be evaluated. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00992017...

..We studied Treg subpopulations in HIV-infected and uninfected women during pregnancy and their relationship with inflammation, activation and cell-mediated immunity (CMI)...

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..Overall, NOW provided the most accurate diagnoses and had user-friendly technical characteristics. However, the low overall sensitivity of the RIIAs indicates that these can be used as screening tools only...

..Effective strategies to combat the spread of influenza viruses rely on accurate diagnosis of the infection, which is greatly affected by the sensitivity of the assays used...

..Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity in transplant recipients. An immunologic predictor of protection against CMV reactivation or disease is highly desirable...

..S. laboratory for analysis. Cell viability and recovery significantly increased over time. A wet-laboratory training session conducted at the central laboratory significantly improved the quality of the cryopreserved PBMC...

..016). The incidence of foscarnet resistance after 6, 9, and 12 months of therapy was 13%, 24%, and 37%, respectively...

..To evaluate the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in HIV-infected pregnant women and the factors that may determine this response...

..Leflunomide has been shown to possess antiviral activity against several viruses. Herein we describe a case of acyclovir resistant HSV-2 proctitis in an HIV patient successfully treated with leflunomide without significant side effects...

..The protective effect of prior VZV infection against the incidence of glioma may be mediated by CTL that recognizes epitopes shared by VZV and glioma cells...

..These data suggest that WB or PBLs might be the preferred sample for use for surveillance for CMV in immunocompromised patients...

..We conclude that antiviral-resistant variants, which are readily detected in HSV isolates from peripheral lesions, do not accumulate in the sensory ganglia of immunocompetent patients receiving multiple courses of nucleoside analogues...

..We sought to compare the immune response of pregnant women to H1N1 infection versus vaccination and to determine the extent of passive immunity conferred to the newborn...

..To devise prophylactic measures, we need predictors of PTLD and a better understanding of the physiopathogenesis of the disease...

..These studies demonstrate the utility of quantitative CSF PCR and establish the presence of lytic cycle EBV mRNA in CSF of patients with EBV-associated neurological disease...

..These findings provide evidence that KSHV viremia is common in advanced AIDS-KS in Zimbabwe and suggest a relationship between KSHV lytic replication and untreated HIV-1 infection...

..Compliance with complex antiretroviral therapy regimens is a problem for HIV-1-infected children and their families. Simple, safe, and effective regimens are important for long-term therapeutic success...

..This review summarizes the role of CSF PCR in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of herpesvirus infections of the nervous system, particularly those caused by HSV and VZV...

..In addition, there is a continuous effort to develop CMV-specific immune-based therapies including vaccines and immune modulators such as cytokines, which may be of supplemental benefit in the control of CMV disease...