Wayne Velicer

..9%. Stage-matched manuals provided cessation rates comparable with previous studies. The addition of NRT, expert system interventions, and automated telephone counseling failed to produce a further increase in intervention effectiveness...

..g. diet and sun protection) were treated in the population. These results point to a future in which health behaviour risk interventions will be assessed not solely by their efficacy but by their population impact...

..Thirty-six of the 40 predictions were confirmed, indicating that the outcome model has strong construct validity and accurately reflects movement between the stages of change...

..3% and 82.5%) of the population of smokers could be successfully recruited into a smoking cessation program. Expert system interventions have the potential to have an extremely high impact on a total population of smokers...

..However, to have an impact on smoking rates in a general population, the intervention should also be evaluated with proactively recruited representative samples (effectiveness trials)...

..Tailored interventions can focus on those adolescents at highest risk and limit or avoid expending resources on those at very low risk...

..Contact occurred in 1 of 4 series (1, 2, 3 or 6 contacts) at 3-month intervals. The expert system outperformed the stage-matched manuals, but there was no clear dose-response relationship for either intervention...

..82. For practical purposes, the first three measures will result in the same conclusions when used as outcome measures in smoking cessation studies...

..Previous research on these 2 sets of variables has produced mixed results...

..The ability to identify Stable Smokers at baseline could permit enhanced tailored treatments that could improve population cessation rates...

..A proactive home-based stage-matched expert system smoking cessation program can produce both high participation rates and relatively high abstinence rates...

..Enhancing the expert system by adding proactive telephone counseling or a stimulus control computer designed to produce nicotine fading could produce preventive programs with greater population impacts...

..Possible gateway behaviors to general health could be identified; however, these results are preliminary and require longitudinal follow-up...

..If results with stage-matched interventions continue to be replicated, health promotion programs will be able to produce unprecedented impacts on entire at-risk populations...

..The five stages of readiness to change are Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance. The distribution of individuals across the stages of change can provide a valuable tool for designing health interventions...

..To explore the validity, reliability, and applicability of using a short, psychometrically sound survey instrument to measure population attitudes toward tobacco control policies...

..These results both support and complement key construct relationships within the transtheoretical model and can provide important predictive information to direct and enhance treatment interventions for smoking cessation...

..Implications for alternative intervention strategies are discussed...

..The measures for adolescents are similar to but not the same as the measures of these constructs for adults...

..Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of employing alternative methods for analyzing multivariate time series data, including dynamic factor analysis, are discussed...

..Coefficient Alpha was .90 for Social Pressure, .81 for Social Anxiety, and .82 for Opportunity. These results provide strong empirical support for the psychometric structure and construct validity of the TTAS in middle school students...

..In general, the relapsers ended up working harder but not smarter than the successful quitters. The pattern of use of change processes in the treatment and control groups were remarkably similar, suggesting common pathways to change...

..46, p=.011, eta2=.115), underscoring their importance in maintaining reduced smoking rates. Time series-based typology demonstrated good sensitivity to the identification of meaningfully different trajectories...

..These subgroup differences could be employed to guide the targeting of changes in policies and interventions to the specific concerns of the various groups...

..Rates of preventive counseling remain below national guidelines. We explored physician and patient predictors of preventive counseling across multiple cancer risk behaviors in at-risk primary care patients...

..With increased interest in multiple risk factor interventions, the field will need ways to conceptualize the issue of overall behavior change...

..The processes of change help guide researchers, clinicians, and intervention program developers towards effective strategies to assist individuals at all stages of change progress towards healthier behaviors...

..05) and the smoking behavior variables (p<.001) in all samples. The cluster patterns closely replicate earlier findings and provide evidence for the existence of clusters subtypes within the Precontemplation stage of change...

..Each woman in Group 3 received materials based on her stage of adoption for mammography and TTM constructs...

..Results indicated significant stage differences for 8 of the 11 TTM subscales, and all quantitative predictions were confirmed. This study supports the use of TTM measures in an ethnically diverse sample...

..The typology also generates a number of hypotheses about the identified clusters that can be empirically tested in further studies...

..Interventions that help populations progress two stages could produce 300% more abstinence. The results also support the importance of replicating the stage effects across treatment conditions and over time...

..The results indicated that the decisional balance inventory demonstrated strong factorial invariance across the four demographic variables and across assessments...

..26%), and 30% for sun exposure (vs. 22%). Proactive, home-based, and stage-matched expert systems can produce significant multiple behavior changes in at-risk populations where the majority of participants are not prepared to change...

..To test the long-term efficacy of brief counseling plus a computer-based tobacco intervention for teens being seen for routine medical care...

..This study attempts to replicate cluster subtypes within the Contemplation stage of change in a secondary analysis of data from a sample of current smokers (N=3967)...

..This study extended that research to a more representative population of patients from primary care practice and to targeting of four rather than three behaviors...

..Identification of stable cluster subtypes would permit the development of tailored interventions focusing on these subtypes...

..We will show the importance of an approach that integrates the human life-cycle (developmental) and tobacco addiction cycle (behavioral) for interventions that address group-specific vulnerabilities...

..g., denial and victim-blaming) to identify and address other forms of resistance that may be more internally based and difficult to detect. The processes of resistance measure provides a tool for measuring those types of resistance...

..At 12 and 24 months follow-up, treatment of 1 or 2 coexisting risk factors did not decrease the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatment, and treatment for the coexisting factors was effective...

..The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of binge drinking and its relation to other health behaviors, drinking-related attitudes and perceived social norms among German medical students...

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..The 3 interventions evaluated in this project have the potential to be easily disseminated at low costs to entire populations of at-risk individuals. ..

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